Principles of Radiographic Imaging Test
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Course Introduction
Principles of Radiographic Imaging introduces students to the fundamental concepts and techniques of producing diagnostic images using x-rays. The course covers the nature and properties of x-rays, the factors affecting image quality, radiation safety, and exposure techniques. Students will learn about image formation, equipment operation, radiographic contrast, and spatial resolution, along with patient positioning and the role of digital imaging systems. Emphasis is placed on understanding the relationships between technical variables and image outcomes to ensure accurate radiographic interpretation and safe practice in clinical settings.
Recommended Textbook
Digital Radiography An Introduction for Technologists 1st Edition by Euclid Seeram
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Digital Radiography: An Overview
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Sample Questions
Q1) While radiography produces static images, fluoroscopy produces dynamic images acquired in real time to allow for the study of motion of organ systems and
Answer: hollow internal structures
Q2) For radiography, which of the following is the highest of all the other imaging modalities, and can range from 5 -15 line pairs/mm?
A) spatial resolution
B) film-screen
C) contrast resolution
D) optical range
Answer: A
Q3) Other than retrospective analysis, why do vast amount of images generated for the wide range of digital radiology examinations need to be stored?
A) medico-legal purposes
B) training purposes
C) billing purposes
D) reference purposes
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Digital Imaging Processing Concepts
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Sample Questions
Q1) One popular ____________________ operation is to use the FT in filtering images in the frequency domain rather than in the spatial location domain.
Answer: global
Q2) The pixels that make up the matrix are generally ____.
A) horizontal
B) rectangular
C) square
D) vertical
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following is now a routine activity in digital medical imaging, and also an essential tool in the PACS environment?
A) image pre-processing
B) global processing
C) image post-processing
D) low-pass filtering
Answer: C
Q4) A digital image is made up of a 2D array of numbers called a(n)____________________.
Answer: matrix
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Chapter 3: Computed Radiography: Physics and Technology
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Sample Questions
Q1) A(n)____________________ can be defined as a distortion or error in an image that is unrelated to the subject being studied.
Answer: artifact
Q2) Once the fixed stationary IP is exposed, the ____________________ image is acquired using a scanning technology appropriate to the system.
Answer: patent
Q3) When the radiation exposure is high, film is underexposed and the image is light and is not acceptable.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Post-processing deals with shading corrections, pattern recognition, and exposure field recognition.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q5) ____________________ involves both sampling the analog signal and quantization.
Answer: Digitization
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Chapter 4: Effective Use of Computed Radiography
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Sample Questions
Q1) Since the image contrast is generally determined more by the processing algorithm, the ____________________ does not have the impact on final image contrast as with screen/film systems.
Q2) What is likely to occur if there is substantial extraneous exposure on the plate?
A) dynamic range error
B) image plate response error
C) exposure error
D) histogram analysis error
Q3) What is the standard expression for the receptor's contribution to recorded detail?
A) sampling frequency
B) image acquisition
C) saturation
D) spatial resolution
Q4) _____________________ means that the photon intensity reaching the receptor is higher than that required to produce an optimal image.
Q5) Because of the light spread between the plate and the light guide, the spatial resolution is less than the ____________________ frequency.
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Chapter 5: Flat-Panel Digital Radiography
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Sample Questions
Q1) For the flat-panel TFT digital detectors used in ____________________, the readout process and readout electronics are somewhat different to the detectors used for radiographic applications.
Q2) The purpose of a photodiode is to collect and store the electrical charge produced in the a-Si photodiode array.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Flat-panel digital detectors are complex devices and pose numerous challenges in the ____________________ process.
Q4) Flaws include dust, scratches, chemical reactions among the various materials that the detector is made of as well as defective ____________________.
Q5) An MTF of ____ represents a perfect transfer of spatial and contrast information.
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
Q6) The narrower the LSF, the better the ____________________ resolution.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Digital Fluoroscopy
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Q1) Conventional fluoroscopy with an image intensifier operates in the low mA mode, and therefore the noise level is usually high.
A)True
B)False
Q2) _________________ of the image in conventional fluoroscopy is an important feature of the image intensifier.
Q3) Modern conventional fluoroscopy imaging units use a high frequency generator to ensure efficient production of ____________________.
Q4) While the X-ray tube and generator provide the appropriate X-ray beam for both fluoroscopy and ____________________, the image intensifier converts X-rays into light that is captured by the video camera.
Q5) Digital fluoroscopy systems with an image intensifier and video camera (both television camera tubes and CCD cameras)in the imaging chain have been replaced with ____.
A) WLs
B) FPDs
C) DSAs
D) LEDs
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Chapter 7: Digital Mammography
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Q1) The imaging technique for breast ____________________ has two methods of acquiring data, namely the step-and-shoot method and the continuous exposure method.
Q2) ____________________ systems are essentially based on two approaches: those that use location of lesions by using the computer to search for abnormal patterns and those that quantify the image features of normal and/or abnormal patterns.
Q3) Which of the following allows visualization of both lesion detail and breast edge information but reduces image contrast?
A) manual intensity windowing
B) Trex processing
C) unsharp masking
D) mixture-model intensity windowing
Q4) Picture archiving and ____________________ systems are now commonplace in hospitals, and the next consideration for DM is to send all the digitally acquired images to the PACS.
Q5) When X-rays fall upon the __________________ layer, an electric charge is released and readout using an electric field.
Q6) The ____________________ is central to a DM imaging system.
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Chapter 8: Picture Archiving and Communication Systems
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Q1) An individual device is referred to as a node, and the connections among nodes are called ____________________.
Q2) A(n)____________________ function is one that enables the user of the workstation to find the image or images to be reviewed.
Q3) ____, as defined by IHE, are information systems or components of information systems that produce, manage, or act on information associated with operational activities in the enterprise.
A) Integration profiles
B) Textual data
C) Actors
D) Data models
Q4) A LAN connects ____________________ that are separated by short distances such as within a radiology department, a building, or two or more buildings.
Q5) DICOM specifies information object ____________________ to address what is contained in images from different imaging modalities.
Q6) To be a part of a PACS, image ____________________ modalities must be digital in nature.
Q7) PACS workstations and their use is that of workstation ____________________.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Medical Imaging Informatics: An Overview
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Q1) The informatics infrastructure and knowledge-base management section address the use of software tools to manage image processing and visualization, communications, graphical user interface, and data and knowledge.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Since the information contained in the HIS can be shared with the EHR, physicians in the hospital, for example, can access related information on their patients from their offices, if required.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The ___________________ provides a wide range of benefits to health care professionals, including physicians, but it also has benefits that are available to the health care enterprise in general, such as improved data integrity and quality of care, as well as increased productivity from satisfied health care providers.
Q4) ____________________ informatics core concepts include the basic concepts of informatics relating to models, data, information, and systems theory, which are essential in order to understand information and communication systems.
Q5) Data transmission requires some sort of ____________________ to do the task.
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Chapter 10: Quality Control for Digital Radiography
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Q1) What is another name for the flowchart of the steps involved in performing a DR exam?
A) indicator
B) control limit
C) process map
D) metadata
Q2) If the operator interface to the machine is extremely complex, ____________________ errors will increase exponentially.
Q3) The clinical ____________________ is responsible for equipment life cycle management and is therefore intimately involved in calibrations and service.
Q4) When the technologist employs nonparallel ____________________, multiple exposure fields on a single cassette-based receptor, or poor centering of the anatomy on the receptor, the algorithm that detects the edges of the radiation field is confounded.
Q5) Since a key aspect of QA is a visual inspection of the DR image, it is important to consider the capabilities of the QC workstation where we are making decisions.
A)True
B)False
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