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Principles of Radiographic Exposure Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Principles of Radiographic Exposure introduces students to the fundamental concepts and techniques used to produce high-quality radiographic images. The course covers the relationship between exposure factors such as time, distance, and intensity, and their effects on image quality and patient safety. Topics include the properties of X-rays, radiographic density and contrast, image detail, distortion, and the use of grids and filters. Emphasis is placed on understanding how to adjust technical parameters to optimize diagnostic images while minimizing radiation exposure to patients. Through lectures, laboratory experiences, and practical exercises, students develop the skills necessary for accurate exposure selection and quality control in various clinical settings.
Recommended Textbook Essentials of Radiographic Physics and Imaging 1st Edition by James Johnston
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16 Chapters
1558 Verified Questions
1558 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to the Imaging Sciences
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75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Work/time is the formula to determine:
A) power
B) force
C) work
D) momentum
Answer: A
Q2) In the SI system the unit of measure for mass is:
A) pound
B) gram
C) kilogram
D) ton
Answer: C
Q3) Fd (force × distance)is the formula to determine:
A) power
B) force
C) work
D) momentum
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: Structure of the Atom
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Sample Questions
Q1) Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons are:
A) isotopes
B) isotones
C) isobars
D) isomers
Answer: A
Q2) In the middle of the periodic table of elements there are elements that don't fit exactly into one of the eight groups.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q3) Each element has an unchanging number of protons.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) The electrons rotate around the nucleus at a single energy level.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Electromagnetic and Particulate Radiation
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Sample Questions
Q1) X-rays and gamma rays are the only electromagnetic radiations that are able to ionize matter.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Radioactive elements:
A) have excess energy in their nuclei
B) emit particles and energy
C) are trying to become stable elements
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Q3) The electromagnetic radiation that passes between the television remote and television is:
A) visible light
B) infrared light
C) microwaves
D) ultraviolet light
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: X-Ray Circuit
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Sample Questions
Q1) The solid-state rectifier has a(n)_______ crystal and a(n)_________ crystal.
A) a-type;b-type
B) x-type;z-type
C) a-type;c-type
D) p-type;n-type
Q2) _______________ current is induced in the secondary coil when mutual induction takes place.
A) alternating
B) direct
C) neither of the above
D) both of the above
Q3) The filament is a straight piece of wire in the cathode.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The main power switch is found on the:
A) primary circuit
B) secondary circuit
C) filament circuit
D) none of the above
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Chapter 5: The X-Ray Tube
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Sample Questions
Q1) In terms of the x-ray tube,envelope is another name for the:
A) anode
B) cathode
C) glass or metal enclosure
D) induction motor
Q2) The cathode:
A) includes a focusing cup
B) provides electrons for x-ray production
C) includes filaments
D) all of the above
Q3) To take advantage of the anode heel effect,the thinner part of the anatomy being imaged should be placed under the cathode end of the tube.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The formula kVp × mA × s × c is used to calculate:
A) heat units
B) cooling time
C) heating time
D) all of the above
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Chapter 6: X-Ray Production
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Sample Questions
Q1) The discrete emission spectrum typically displays:
A) K-characteristic photon energies
B) L-characteristic photon energies
C) all of the above
D) none of the above
Q2) Placing filtration in the path of the beam results in:
A) a harder beam
B) a softer beam
C) more x-ray photons
D) a sharper image
Q3) The process of a series of outer-shell electrons filling inner-shell vacancies right after the other is called:
A) characteristic tumble
B) characteristic x-rays
C) characteristic sequence
D) characteristic cascade
Q4) A 65-keV filament electron is not able to produce characteristic radiation.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: X-Ray Interactions With Matter
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Sample Questions
Q1) Coherent scattering involves:
A) an x-ray photon with high energy
B) an x-ray photon with low energy
C) ionization
D) all of the above
Q2) The photoelectric interaction and Compton interaction can both result in a characteristic cascade,producing characteristic radiation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A positron is:
A) the same as an electron
B) a positively charged electron
C) the same as a proton
D) a positively charged neutron
Q4) Compton scattering results in:
A) a Compton electron
B) a secondary electron
C) a Compton scatter photon
D) all of the above
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Chapter 8: Image Production
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Sample Questions
Q1) Photoelectric interactions occur only at the lower end of the diagnostic range of photon energies.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Increasing the thickness of the part being imaged results in:
A) increased attenuation
B) decreased attenuation
C) no change in attenuation
Q3) Chemical processing is used to create the manifest image in:
A) film-screen imaging
B) digital imaging
C) film-screen and digital imaging
Q4) Transmission refers to:
A) all x-rays in the beam before entering the patient
B) x-rays leaving the patient that did not interact with atoms
C) all x-rays leaving the patient
D) the process of sending the x-ray beam through the patient
Q5) During conventional fluoroscopy,the x-ray beam stays on for an extended time.
A)True
B)False
10
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Chapter 9: Image Characteristics
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Sample Questions
Q1) A film with too much density:
A) was exposed to too much light or radiation
B) has too much black metallic silver
C) will not make the anatomy visible
D) all of the above
Q2) Base plus fog represents density present on the film caused by:
A) remnant radiation
B) tint in the base of the film
C) fog due to the chemical processing
D) B and C
Q3) The range of exposures that produce densities in the straight-line portion of the curve is:
A) exposure latitude
B) speed
C) film contrast
D) speed point
Q4) The result of film-screen imaging having a small dynamic range is that it is difficult to over- or underexpose a film-screen image.
A)True
B)False
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Radiographic Exposure Technique
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Sample Questions
Q1) When OID cannot be reduced,it is possible to reduce size distortion by:
A) increasing mAs
B) increasing SID
C) using a small focal spot size
D) decreasing SID
Q2) How much of a change in mAs is the minimum required to see a visible change in density on a film image?
A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 50%
Q3) What type of relationship does distance have with x-ray beam intensity?
A) direct proportional
B) direct but not proportional
C) inverse proportional
D) inverse but not proportional
Q4) At higher levels,kVp always decreases radiographic contrast.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Scatter Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) Beam-restricting devices are located just above the tube housing.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The purpose of automatic collimation is:
A) improved image quality
B) limiting patient exposure
C) increasing the cost of equipment
D) none of the above
Q3) A focused grid's lead strips are angled to match:
A) the anode angle
B) the angle of the x-rays in the primary beam
C) the angle of the scattered photons leaving the patient
D) the tube angulation
Q4) Linear grids are the most commonly used because:
A) they are very inexpensive
B) the tube can be angled in all directions
C) the tube can be angled in the direction of the lead lines
D) all of the above
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Chapter 12: Image Receptors
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Sample Questions
Q1) Silver recovery takes place:
A) before the new solution enters the fixer tank
B) after the old solution leaves the fixer tank but before going down the drain
C) after the old fixer solution goes down the drain
D) none of the above
Q2) The process of light being released from the phosphor because of stimulation by laser light is:
A) photodetector
B) optical system
C) drive mechanism
D) photostimulable luminescence
Q3) Metallic replacement and the electrolytic method are two methods for:
A) replenishing the fixer and developer chemicals
B) mixing the chemicals for the fixer solution
C) recovering silver from the fixer solution
D) none of the above
Q4) Magnetic tape storage media is one of the newest storage technologies.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Automatic Exposure Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) With digital imaging using AEC,if an AP thoracic spine is imaged with the density setting changed from 0 to +2,the brightness in the area of interest is __________________ and the exposure time is ________________________.(Assume all other factors are appropriate. )
A) darker;longer
B) darker;shorter
C) unchanged;unchanged D) unchanged;longer
Q2) With film-screen imaging using AEC,if an AP thoracic spine is imaged with the density setting changed from 0 to +2,the density in the area of interest will be __________________ and the exposure time will be ________________________.(Assume all other factors are appropriate. )
A) darker;longer
B) darker;shorter
C) unchanged;unchanged D) unchanged;shorter
Q3) AED and phototiming are accurate terms that can be used in place of automatic exposure control.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Image Intensified Fluoroscopy
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100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Age has no effect on an image intensifier because everything takes place in a vacuum.
A)True
B)False
Q2) This part of the image intensifier is made of cesium iodide.
A) input phosphor
B) output phosphor
C) photocathode
D) accelerating anode
Q3) Performance quality control testing should be done by a:
A) radiographer
B) medial physicist
C) radiologist
D) student radiographer
Q4) A large fill factor refers to:
A) the entire detector being filled with x-rays
B) the entire detector needing a large amount of x-rays to produce an image
C) a large area of the pixel being sensitive to x-rays
D) a small area of the pixel being sensitive to x-rays
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Chapter 15: Additional Equipment
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Sample Questions
Q1) As compared with a standard radiographic grid,the grid used for mammography has a __________ grid ratio and a ____________ grid frequency.
A) lower;lower
B) lower;higher
C) higher;lower
D) higher;higher
Q2) During a DXA scan,the anatomy is scanned twice,each time with:
A) different amounts of mAs
B) different levels of kVp
C) different exposure times
D) different SIDs
Q3) Challenges when performing mobile radiographic imaging include:
A) having to use SIDs other than 40 inches or 72 inches
B) difficulty minimizing off-level grid cutoff
C) patient condition
D) all of the above
Q4) A dedicated unit is one that is designed for specific imaging procedures.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Computed Tomography
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Sample Questions
Q1) How will a pixel with a CT number of 250 appear if the WW is 200 and the WL is 50?
A) black
B) white
C) gray
D) it is impossible to say
Q2) The CT number of water is:
A) 0
B) greater than 0
C) less than 0
D) unable to determine unless more is known
Q3) A change in any factor that has more x-ray photons reaching the detector will result in an image with decreased:
A) noise
B) spatial resolution
C) contrast resolution
D) all of the above
Q4) Electron-beam CT does not use an x-ray tube.
A)True
B)False
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