Principles of Psychology
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Principles of Psychology is an introductory course that explores the fundamental concepts, theories, and research methods in the field of psychology. Students will examine topics such as perception, learning, memory, motivation, development, personality, psychological disorders, and social behavior. The course offers insight into how psychological principles apply to everyday life and emphasizes critical thinking about human behavior and mental processes. Through lectures, discussions, and practical examples, students will develop a foundational understanding of psychological science and its impact on personal and societal well-being.
Recommended Textbook
Discovering Psychology The Science of Mind 3rd Edition by John T. Cacioppo
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16 Chapters
1942 Verified Questions
1942 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Science of Mind the Discipline of Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) More recently,clinical and counseling psychologists have expanded their perspective to include ____.
A)the promotion of general well-being
B)the influences of evolutionary adaptation on behavior
C)monitoring chemical changes in the brain in response to treatment
D)brain scans in the course of therapeutic treatment
Answer: A
Q2) Using the developmental perspective,a psychologist might look at whether the loss of a parent ____.
A)affects the storage and retrieval of memories contemporaneous with the loss
B)triggers changes in brain chemistry,temporarily or permanently
C)is experienced differently at different ages
D)is experienced differently depending on family size
Answer: C
Q3) Which leading behaviorist proposed the law of effect?
A)B.F.Skinner
B)John B.Watson
C)Noam Chomsky
D)Edward Thorndike
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: The Measure of Mind Methods of Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) A standard for deciding whether an observed result is due to chance is called ____.
A)randomization
B)statistical significance
C)the null hypothesis
D)reasonable doubt
Answer: B
Q2) Neil has gathered data regarding self-report of successful smoking cessation.He finds that one of the eight methods used by study participants accounts for a high proportion of the successes.The most useful measure of central tendency to report would be the ____.
A)distribution
B)mode
C)frequency
D)mean
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 3: The Evolving Mind Nature and Nurture
Intertwined
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109 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which early scientist was the first to develop a method to account for variations observed in particular traits?
A)Charles Darwin
B)Francis Galton
C)James Watson
D)Gregor Mendel
Answer: D
Q2) The process by which survival and reproduction pressures in the wild have an effect on mating is referred to as ____.
A)coercive inheritance
B)natural selection
C)randomized lineage
D)genetic exclusion
Answer: B
Q3) Humans share what percent of their genes with mice?
A)18%
B)26%
C)44%
D)92%
Answer: D
Page 5
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Chapter 4: The Biological Mind the Physical Basis of Behavior
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139 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) In hopes of better understanding how glia affect brain repair,Dr.Jennings develops a special mouse lacking specific types of glia.In her experimental design,Dr.Jennings injures the brain of this special mouse and monitors neuronal repair.What is Dr.Jennings likely to observe?
A)Action potentials can no longer propagate in unmyelinated nerves.
B)Cell debris from damaged neurons is not cleared.
C)A blood-brain barrier is formed in response to the injury.
D)Neurons undergo hypermyelination.
Q2) Which is an accurate statement regarding the generation of an action potential?
A)If a neuron becomes hyperpolarized to the threshold level,an action potential is inevitable.
B)Small hyperpolarizations lead to small action potentials and large hyperpolarizations lead to large action potentials.
C)If a neuron becomes depolarized to the threshold level,an action potential is inevitable.
D)Small depolarizations lead to small action potentials and large depolarizations lead to large action potentials.
Q3) Compare and contrast the function and source of neurotransmitters and hormones.
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Chapter 5: The Perceiving Mind Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) How does our perception of sound change with intensity of the stimulus?
A)Our sound perception changes at the same rate than the change of the intensity.
B)Our sound perception changes at a higher rate than the change of the intensity.
C)Our sound perception changes at a smaller rate than the change of the intensity.
D)Our sound perception changes at a variable rate than the change of the intensity.
Q2) When scientists artificially alter recordings of speech to resemble regular,repeating sine waves,people typically interpret this as ____.
A)foreign language speech
B)tones from a musical instrument
C)tweeting birds
D)infants babbling
Q3) Of the following,who is likely to have the most rods activated in the retina?
A)Blake,who is reading a book while sunbathing at the park
B)Yasmeen,who is searching for her keys under the bed
C)Gavin,who is painting a mural as part of a community outreach program
D)Dale,who is working on a detailed pen and ink drawing
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Chapter 6: The Aware Mind Elements of Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Stroop Test provides evidence that behavior under hypnosis is more than social conformity by showing that highly suggestible individuals under hypnosis ____.
A)are able to ignore binaural sounds to decipher auditory signals
B)can identify words hidden within scintillating grid illusions
C)are able to ignore flashes of light when deciphering imagery
D)can identify ink colors at comparable rates regardless of word presentation
Q2) The inhibition of which neurotransmitter contributes to the onset of seizure activity?
A)GABA
B)Glutamate
C)Dopamine
D)Norepinephrine
Q3) Regina wakes her husband in the middle of the night and tells him,"Where am I? This isn't our bedroom." After a visit to the emergency room,Regina learns that she likely suffered a partial seizure originating in her ____ lobe.
A)Temporal
B)Parietal
C)Occipital
D)Frontal
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8
Chapter 7: The Feeling Mind Emotion and Motivation
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113 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Donatella participates in a study and is asked to view a series of images that are likely to provoke strong emotion: a father caressing his newborn baby;a child crying at his mother's funeral;and a shark ferociously attacking a seal.While she views these images,a PET scan monitors her brain activity.What is the PET scan likely to show?
A)A specialized region of the prefrontal cortex shows robust activity for all of her emotions.
B)Separate cortical "emotion centers" respond to each of her emotions.
C)The prototypic "emotional pattern" of activity is observed in response to all of her emotions.
D)Distinct patterns of activity will be observed for each of her emotions.
Q2) Children who are highly responsive and show strong emotional reactions to novel stimuli are more likely to be ____ adults.
A)cautious and anxious
B)psychopathic
C)depressed
D)highly intelligent
Q3) Explain how the feeling of loneliness acts as an aversive signal that evolved to warn humans they are facing a threat.
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Chapter 8: The Adaptive Mind Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tim,who suffers from alcoholism,is prescribed disulfiram by his doctor to help him halt his alcohol consumption.Disulfiram works by causing unpleasant physiological effects when even small amounts of alcohol are consumed.This type of treatment is best described as ____.
A)counterconditioning
B)flooding
C)systematic desensitization
D)inhibition
Q2) The method for increasing behaviors that allow an organism to escape or avoid an unpleasant consequence is referred to as ____.
A)positive punishment
B)positive reinforcement
C)negative punishment
D)negative reinforcement
Q3) Which of the following is an example of a conditioned reinforcer?
A)Food
B)Money
C)Sleep
D)Water
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Page 10
Chapter 9: The Knowing Mind Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first stage of the Atkinson-Shiffrin model involved the retention of large amounts of incoming data for very brief amounts of time.This is called ____.
A)declarative memory
B)short-term memory
C)sensory memory
D)explicit memory
Q2) Long-term memory is characterized by ____.
A)unlimited duration and unlimited capacity
B)limited duration and unlimited capacity
C)limited duration and limited capacity
D)unlimited duration and limited capacity
Q3) Which of the following most accurately describes eyewitness testimony in the courtroom setting?
A)It is considered to be uniformly precise and reliable.
B)Errors in testimony are usually due to the witness's premeditated intent.
C)It can be affected by the words attorneys use when framing questions.
D)Preliminary testimony is considered unreliable;therefore,follow-up questioning is essential.
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Chapter 10: The Thinking Mind Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
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Q1) Intellectual disability is a condition diagnosed in individuals with deficits in intellectual functioning beginning in childhood and ____.
A)a genetic condition such as Down syndrome
B)a severe or profound intellectual disability
C)poor educational backgrounds
D)deficits in independent living skills
Q2) Ella is 4 years old and expanding her schema regarding dogs.The dog that she knows the best is her neighbor's golden retriever,Gus.She was recently told by her neighbor that dogs like to roll in grass with distinctive,or "smelly," odors.Under what circumstances is she most likely to extend that fact to all dogs?
A)She hears her uncle describe his dog Bob rolling around with a dead fish,but has not yet met Bob.
B)She sees Gus roll in the grass and then finds a dead mouse in the same area.
C)She sometimes sees dogs through the car window that are rolling in the grass.
D)She sees a nature show on television about hyenas who engage in the same activity.
Q3) Describe an example of facing a problem and bringing the problem to resolution.Apply the four steps of good problem-solving skills in your response.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: The Developing Mind Life Span Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research suggests that African American and Hispanic youth who identify with an ethnic group during adolescence and young adulthood have ____ (Erol & Orth,2011).
A)higher grade point averages
B)more encounters with law enforcement
C)higher overall self-esteem
D)greater generative capacity
Q2) According to Lev Vygotsky's theory,cultures teach children not only what to think but also
A)what to remember.
B)how to achieve.
C)what to do.
D)how to think.
Q3) Midlife is most often a time of ____.
A)midlife crisis
B)many challenges
C)smooth sailing
D)great joy
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13
Chapter 12: The Individual Mind Personality and the Self
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Freud's view,it is the job of the ego,or self,to ____.
A)balance the pleasure-seeking impulses of the superego with the morality imposed by the id
B)embrace the moralistic needs of the superego,even at times when rules are not crucial
C)enhance the pleasure-seeking impulses of the id so that gratification is achieved as often as possible
D)coordinate the needs of the id with the demands of reality
Q2) Compare and contrast objective personality tests like the MMPI and projective personality tests like the Rorschach test.
Q3) Jim is on a diet.At his office,his co-workers often bring in donuts,cookies,and other snacks for the group.He has done fairly well in resisting the temptations each day.How does he likely feel by late afternoon?
A)His mind is focused on the last challenges of the workday.
B)He is less tempted than earlier in the day.
C)He can tackle almost anything.
D)His mind is focused on his favorite snack.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: The Connected Mind Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Luke and Laura would like their marriage to last,so they try to share household and childcare responsibilities and provide each other with some time to pursue individual interests or relax.Their relationship could be described as ____.
A)equitable
B)fatuous
C)inequitable
D)companionate
Q2) How does your text define prejudice?
A)Biased and unjust behavior based on stereotyping and preconception
B)A prejudgment,usually negative,of another person on the basis of his or her membership in a group
C)An assumption that people generally get what they deserve and that,in this way,the world is fair
D)A simplified set of traits associated with membership in a group or category
Q3) Complying with a request from an authority figure is called ____.
A)obedience
B)submission
C)conformity
D)subservience
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Page 15
Chapter 14: The Troubled Mind Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to DSM-5,a personality disorder cannot be diagnosed in any individual who is under ____ years of age.
A)15
B)18
C)21
D)25
Q2) According to the diathesis-stress model,a psychological disorder such as depression might be caused by stress interacting with which of the following?
A)Events over the life course
B)A reduction in positive reinforcement or an increase in negative outcomes
C)An individual's biological vulnerabilities
D)Negative thoughts about the self,the world,and the future
Q3) What is taijin kyofusho?
A)A person's self-consciousness regarding his or her height or weight
B)A lack of self-consciousness regarding one's odor or appearance
C)A fear of offending or embarrassing other people with one's odor,eye contact,or appearance
D)A belief that one has a terrible defect or flaw in one's physical appearance,one that others cannot see
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Healing the Troubled Mind Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Felicia was recently prescribed SSRIs to treat her depression.Before she takes her first dose,Felicia flips through the medication insert and reads the list of side effects,which include ____.
A)insomnia
B)constipation
C)reduction of rapid eye movement (REM)sleep
D)the risk of stroke
Q2) According to the cognitive therapeutic perspective,people run into psychological trouble when they adopt ____ ways of thinking.
A)egotistical
B)irrational
C)manic
D)sadistic
Q3) From the following list,which client is the least ideal for group therapy?
A)Anderson,who suffers from a specific phobia
B)Armundo,who suffers from bipolar disorder
C)Cizhen,who is somewhat shy and self-conscious
D)Martin,who is psychotic
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Chapter 16: The Healthy Mind Stress and Coping, Health
Psychology, and Positive Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mariette has been a heavy drinker for many years,and as a result she has suffered a moderate level of liver damage.She does some research and learns that the liver ____.
A)is responsible for clearing her body of toxins
B)plays an important role in digestion
C)secretes bile into the bloodstream
D)is responsible for regulating glucose levels in her body
Q2) Julius received a challenging health diagnosis.He responded by educating himself about his health condition and participating fully in decisions about his treatment.What major variable that predicts our response to stress does this exemplify?
A)A sense of control
B)Underlying physical fitness
C)Spirituality
D)Social connectedness and support
Q3) Psychologist Gordon Allport (1961)defines value as "a belief ____."
A)upon which a man acts by preference
B)imposed by family or society
C)implemented to perpetuate cultural norms
D)intended to encourage healthful conduct
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