Course Introduction
Principles of Psychology Test Preparation
Principles of Psychology introduces students to the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. The course covers foundational topics such as perception, learning, memory, motivation, emotion, personality, psychological disorders, and social influences on behavior. By exploring key theories, research methods, and real-life applications, students develop a deeper understanding of how individuals think, feel, and act. Emphasis is placed on the biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors that shape human experience, preparing students for further study in psychology and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Experience Psychology 2nd Edition by Laura King
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14 Chapters
1427 Verified Questions
1427 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/55744
Sample Questions
Q1) Dr.Okawa is interested in studying the effect that neurological trauma can have on short-term memory.First,he collects detailed information from a small number of individuals who have experienced brain damage.Then,using information provided by medical records,interviews,and observations,Dr.Okawa attempts to create an in-depth portrait of each individual.What type of research method was used in this study?
A) Case study
B) Naturalistic observation
C) Experimental method
D) Surveys
Answer: A
Q2) _____ refers to the soundness of the conclusions that a researcher draws from an experiment.
A) Validity
B) Reliability
C) Accuracy
D) Stability
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Brain and Behavior
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112 Verified Questions
112 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ are secreted by the adrenal glands.
A) Epinephrine and norepinephrine
B) Estrogen and testosterone
C) Estrogen and epinephrine
D) Acetylcholine and testosterone
Answer: A
Q2) Discuss the extent to which the brain has the capacity for repair.Include concepts such as plasticity,substitution of function,and neurogenesis.
Answer: The brain does have the capacity to repair itself in some situations.Plasticity,or the ability to adapt and change function,is greatest in young children.According to the substitution of function principle,although certain parts of the brain are more associated with specific tasks (e.g.,auditory cortex in the temporal lobe is associated with hearing),when one area gets damaged,another area can pick up the duties of the damaged area.Neurons can actually change their purpose.New neurons can also be created through neurogenesis.
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4
Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _____ is a transparent and somewhat flexible,disklike structure filled with a gelatin-like material.
A) retina
B) lens
C) optic nerve
D) fovea
Answer: B
Q2) Looking at a quarter in your hand casts a different image on your retina compared to looking at a quarter across the room,yet we know that the quarter is the same and retains the same dimensions.This phenomenon is known as _____.
A) perceptual constancy
B) figure-ground
C) the Ponzo illusion
D) Gestalt closure
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: States of Consciousness
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Sigmund Freud,dreams symbolize _____.
A) our conscious thoughts and feelings
B) unconscious wishes and hidden desires
C) random neurological activity
D) our biological urges and needs
Q2) Mitchell wants to quit smoking,so his therapist decides to try hypnosis as a form of treatment.What is the first step that the therapist will most likely take when attempting to hypnotize Mitchell?
A) She will tell Mitchell what to expect in the hypnotic state.
B) She will minimize distractions in her office and make Mitchell comfortable.
C) She will tell Mitchell to concentrate on the swinging pendulum on her desk.
D) She will suggest certain events or feelings she knows will occur, such as "Your eyes are getting tired."
Q3) States of consciousness that require little attention and do not interfere with other mental activities are called _____.
A) controlled processes
B) automatic processes
C) altered state of consciousness
D) no awareness processes
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Learning
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A hitchhiker most likely gets rides on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.
A) continuous
B) variable-ratio
C) fixed-ratio
D) fixed-interval
Q2) _____ means that the CS must not only precede the US closely in time,it must also serve as a reliable indicator that the US is on its way.
A) Contiguity
B) Contingency
C) Generalization
D) Discrimination
Q3) _____ in classical conditioning is the process of learning to respond to certain stimuli and not others.
A) Generalization
B) Discrimination
C) Spontaneous recovery
D) Latent learning
Q4) What is the difference between positive reinforcement-negative reinforcement and positive punishment-negative punishment?
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Chapter 6: Memory
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100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following occurs when material that was learned earlier disrupts the recall of material learned later?
A) Elaboration
B) Proactive interference
C) Transference
D) Motivated forgetting
Q2) Which of the following memory systems has a time frame of up to 30 seconds?
A) Sensory memory
B) Short-term memory
C) Long-term memory
D) Schemas
Q3) _____ memory involves the conscious recollection of facts and events whereas,_____ memory involves non-conscious knowledge derived from past experience.
A) Explicit/implicit
B) Implicit/explicit
C) Short-term/long-term
D) Long-term/short-term
Q4) Describe Baddeley's view of the three components of working memory.
Q5) Describe the working of the connectionist process.
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Chapter 7: Thinking, intelligence, and Language
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ are mental categories used to group objects,events,and characteristics.
A) Algorithms
B) Concepts
C) Semantics
D) Heuristics
Q2) _____ is a language's sound system.
A) Phonology
B) Semantics
C) Morphemes
D) Syntax
Q3) Cognitive psychology studies all of the following except _____.
A) problem solving
B) reasoning
C) telepathy
D) decision making
Q4) _____ may help us to generalize,whereas _____ may help us accomplish a goal.
A) Problem solving/concepts
B) Concepts/problem solving
C) Algorithms/artificial intelligence (AI)
D) Artificial intelligence (AI)/algorithms
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Chapter 8: Human Development
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107 Verified Questions
107 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Although _____ did not believe that culture and education play important roles in children's cognitive development,_____ believed that cognitive development is very much an interpersonal process that happens in a cultural context.
A) Jean Piaget/Lev Vygotsky
B) Lev Vygostsky/Jean Piaget
C) Erik Erikson/Jean Piaget
D) Lev Vygostsky/Erik Erikson
Q2) You arrange two rows of pennies so they are equal in length.A child views the rows and states that they have the same amount of pennies.You spread out the pennies in the bottom row so it is longer than the top row.The child now states that the bottom row has more pennies.This child is in which of Piaget's stages?
A) Sensorimotor
B) Preoperational
C) Formal operations
D) Concrete operations
Q3) What role do parents and peers play in adolescent development?
Q4) Development is a process that follows a genetic master plan.Refute this argument.
Q5) Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of Kohlberg's theory of moral development.
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Chapter 9: Motivation
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would suggest that you feel happy because you are laughing?
A) Two-factor theory of emotion
B) James-Lange theory
C) Cannon-Bard theory
D) Yerkes-Dodson law
Q2) Thinking about being in love with someone is an example of _____.
A) physiological arousal
B) behavioral expression
C) conscious experience
D) subconscious reaction
Q3) Which of the following best describes cultural differences in the facial expression of emotion?
A) Facial expressions for certain emotions do not differ significantly across cultures.
B) Facial expressions vary from one culture to another.
C) It typically takes up to two years of living in a culture before people can recognize the facial expressions of emotion in that culture.
D) Caucasians are more expressive than Asians.
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Chapter 10: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Results of cross-cultural and animal studies on the big five model of personality _____.
A) fail to support the fundamental predictions of the big five model
B) are mixed in that cross-cultural studies support the big five model but animal studies do not
C) are mixed in that animal studies support the big five mode, but cross-cultural studies do not
D) support the fundamental predictions of the big five model
Q2) Brittney is a counselor who believes that her clients have the innate ability to make good choices.She accepts each individual as they are and as a person in the process of change.It is important to her that her clients learn to evaluate themselves and not depend on the opinion of others.Brittney is practicing _____.
A) trait exploration
B) psychoanalytic counseling
C) social cognitive counseling
D) humanistic counseling
Q3) What are the big five factors of personality? Are the big five factors related to one another?
Q4) Evaluate Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality.
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Chapter 11: Social Psychology
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When individuals desire to have another person near and have a deep,caring affection for the person,they are displaying _____.
A) romantic love
B) affectionate love
C) the mere exposure effect
D) passionate love
Q2) You are studying in a quiet but crowded library when you suddenly start coughing.You soon notice others doing the same thing.This is an example of _____.
A) social loafing
B) group polarization
C) social facilitation
D) social contagion
Q3) According to _____,people who have first agreed to a small request tend to comply later with a larger request.
A) the foot-in-the-door technique
B) the door-in-the-face-technique
C) the bystander effect
D) the social facilitation effect
Q4) Discuss the distinction between altruism and egoism.
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Chapter 12: Psychological Disorders
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suicide is linked with low levels of the neurotransmitter _____.
A) dopamine
B) GABA
C) serotonin
D) epinephrine
Q2) The _____ approach to disorders primarily focuses on the brain,genetic factors,and neurotransmitter functioning as the sources of abnormality.
A) psychological
B) sociocultural
C) biological
D) evolutionary
Q3) _____ personality disorder is a psychological disorder characterized by guiltlessness,law-breaking,exploitation of others,irresponsibility,and deceit.
A) Histrionic
B) Schizoid
C) Antisocial
D) Obsessive-compulsive
Q4) Write a note on the biological and psychological factors contributing to suicide.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Therapies
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100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ is an example of a cognitive therapy.
A) Rational-emotive therapy
B) Client-centered therapy
C) Family therapy
D) Psychoanalysis
Q2) Tranquilizers are _____ drugs.
A) antianxiety
B) antidepressant
C) antipsychotic
D) MAO inhibitor
Q3) James dreamed that he went to his neighbor's house at midnight and made himself a sandwich.His psychoanalyst interpreted the dream to mean that James really wanted to have sex with his neighbor's wife.Making the sandwich was the _____.
A) symbolic content of the dream
B) manifest content of the dream
C) latent content of the dream
D) resistant content of the dream
Q4) Describe client-centered therapy.
Q5) Contrast the philosophies of psychoanalytic psychotherapy and humanistic therapies.
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Chapter 14: Health Psychology
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements concerning the relationship between the immune system and stress is false?
A) Acute stressors produce superior immune system functioning.
B) Acute stressors can produce immunological changes.
C) Chronic stressors are associated with an increasing downturn in immune system responsiveness.
D) Chronic emotional stress is associated with high blood pressure, heart disease, and early death.
Q2) During the _____ stage individuals acknowledge the problem but may not be ready to commit to change.
A) preparation/determination
B) maintenance
C) action/willpower
D) contemplation
Q3) Why is religious participation linked with health benefits?
Q4) Is self-efficacy an important predictor of stress and well-being? Why or why not?
Q5) How does the biopsychosocial model conceptualize the relationship between the mind and body?
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