Course Introduction
Principles of Psychology Study Guide Questions
Principles of Psychology introduces students to the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Covering foundational concepts, this course explores topics such as perception, learning, memory, motivation, emotion, personality, psychological disorders, and social behavior. Through theoretical frameworks and real-world applications, students gain insight into how psychological principles influence individual and group behavior. Emphasis is placed on critical thinking, research methods, and the ethical considerations of psychological inquiry, preparing students for further study in psychology or related fields.
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Understanding Psychology 12th Edition by Robert S. Feldman
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17 Chapters
2428 Verified Questions
2428 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Noreen asserts that our behavior is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which we have little awareness or control.This viewpoint is most consistent with the _____ perspective in psychology.
A)psychodynamic
B)humanistic
C)cognitive
D)neuroscience
Answer: A
Q2) Race is to ethnicity what _____ is to _____.
A)the individual; biology
B)biology; culture
C)culture; biology
D)the individual; culture
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following psychologists is associated with functionalism?
A)William James
B)Max Wertheimer
C)Hermann Ebbinghaus
D)Wilhelm Wundt
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Psychology Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) The only way psychologists can establish cause-and-effect relationships through research is by carrying out a(n)_____.
A)correlational research
B)survey research
C)experiment
D)survey
Answer: C
Q2) Describe survey research,highlighting not only its advantages,but also several issues that researchers must consider when designing survey research.
Answer: The answer should include the following points:
Survey research involves asking a sample of individuals a series of questions about their behavior,thoughts,or attitudes.The sample is chosen to be representative of a larger group of interest,namely,a population.Survey research is straightforward.It is efficient and allows researchers to infer with great accuracy how a large group of people would respond.Nevertheless,care must be taken to ensure that the sample is truly representative of the population:a random sample is ideal.In addition,researchers should be aware that respondents may be reluctant to admit holding socially undesirable attitudes.Moreover,people may not be consciously aware of their true attitudes or behaviors.
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Neuroscience and Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare your forearm,palm,wrist,and fingers to a neuron.In such an analogy,the dendrites would be your:
A)forearm.
B)fingers.
C)wrist.
D)palm.
Answer: B
Q2) A technique called _____ records the brain's electrical activity through electrodes. Answer: electroencephalography
Q3) Somatic is to autonomic what _____ is to _____.
A)involuntary; voluntary
B)voluntary; involuntary
C)excitation; rest
D)rest; excitation
Answer: B
Q4) According to the _____law,neurons are either on or off. Answer: all-or-none
Q5) The amygdala and hippocampus are found within the brain's_____ system. Answer: limbic
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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ cells receive information directly from the rods and cones and communicate that information to the _____ cells.
A)Bipolar; ganglion
B)Dendritic; microglial
C)Adrenergic; peptidergic
D)Squamous; columnar
Q2) Approximately how much does pain cost the United States each year?
A)$100 billion
B)$1 billion
C)$100 million
D)$3.49
Q3) In the context of what we see in our world,the range of wavelengths that humans are sensitive to is called the _____.
A)power spectrum
B)mass spectrum
C)frequency spectrum
D)visual spectrum
Q4) The optic nerves from each eye meet at a point roughly between the two eyes called the_____ .
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Chapter 5: States of Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) After lunch,Katya enjoys a cup of coffee and a cigarette.Coffee and cigarettes are examples of_____ .
Q2) Approximately what percentage of the population cannot be hypnotized at all?
A)5%-20%
B)70%-90%
C)30%-40%
D)50%-80%
Q3) Based on your reading of the text,Ecstasy and LSD influence the action of the neurotransmitter _____ .
Q4) Which of the following is the first step in the hypnosis process?
A)The hypnotist explains what is going to happen.
B)The hypnotist tells the person to concentrate on a specific object or image.
C)A person is made comfortable in a quiet environment.
D)The subject is brought to a highly relaxed state,when the hypnotist may make suggestions that the person interprets as being produced by hypnosis.
Q5) Describe what meditation is and how it is currently viewed by researchers.What evidence is there that one could use mediation to replace drugs for relaxation?
Q6) Circadian rhythms are regulated by the_____ in the hypothalamus.
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Although a "phonics" approach to reading instruction might capitalize on an analytic learning style,the "whole-word" approach may be better suited to a(n)_____learning style.
Q2) Dr.Arceneaux has developed several alternative plans to increase the number of online practice quizzes his students complete.Which plan below is incorrectly matched with the related schedule?
A)1 bonus point for every two online practice quizzes completed-fixed-ratio
B)1 bonus point awarded every 2 weeks if two or more quizzes have been completed-fixed-interval
C)1 bonus point awarded every now and then (about 2 weeks on average)if two or more quizzes have been completed recently-variable-ratio
D)1 bonus point awarded randomly,either for every 2 online quizzes taken or 2 bonus points for all those students taken within the first week-variable-interval
Q3) Typically long pauses in responding are found in _____ schedules.
A)fixed-interval
B)fixed-ratio
C)variable-interval
D)variable-ratio
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8
Chapter 7: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) "She did WHAT?" your roommate questions,as you relate an anecdote about a mutual friend.Your roommate is processing your story in _____ memory.
A)working
B)sensory
C)semantic
D)long-term
Q2) We look up a number in the phone book,push the book away,and then begin to dial the number.Why do we discourage an interruption during this process?
A)Information lasts only 15-25 seconds in short-term memory.
B)Information lasts only 5-6 seconds in short-term memory.
C)Information can only last a minute or so in short-term memory.
D)Short-term memory can only hold one or two chunks of information.
Q3) While a computer's hard drive may be likened to the memory process of storage,its keyboard is analogous to the process of .
Q4) The phenomenon by which information in memory disrupts the recall of other information is called .
Q5) What are flashbulb memories?
Q6) memories are our recollections of circumstances and episodes from our own lives.
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Chapter 8: Cognition and Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a(n)_____ heuristic,known items are seen as superior to those that are unknown.
A)representativeness
B)availability
C)functional
D)familiarity
Q2) "All gone milk," says 2-year-old Wesley,placing the empty glass on the table.Wesley's remark exemplifies the language acquisition phenomenon termed:
A)babbling.
B)telegraphic speech.
C)holographic speech.
D)agrammatism.
Q3) Students are educated in their native language and in English simultaneously in _____,whereas they are educated only in English in _____.
A)immersion programs; bilingual education
B)bilingual education; immersion programs
C)an alternation approach; immersion programs
D)immersion programs; alternation programs
Q4) Distinguish between an algorithm and a heuristic.Provide an example of each.
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Chapter 9: Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) "The discrepancy in IQ scores between whites and blacks in the United States has nothing to do with race." Support this reference using empirical data.
Q2) A test that does not discriminate against the members of any minority group is termed as a _____ IQ test.
A)culture-neutral
B)culture-fair
C)culture-free
D)culture-liberated
Q3) The first real intelligence tests were developed by:
A)Galton.
B)Binet.
C)Spearman.
D)Wechsler.
Q4) Contemporary tests of intelligence are in widespread use in the United States EXCEPT the:
A)WISC-IV.
B)WAIS-IV.
C)Spearman G Scale.
D)Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale.
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Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the self-determination theory,_____ is the need to produce desired outcomes.
A)development
B)autonomy
C)relatedness
D)competence
Q2) Which of the following brain structures has been implicated in monitoring glucose levels and food intake?
A)The amygdala
B)The hypothalamus
C)The hippocampus
D)The thalamus
Q3) Describe the needs for achievement and affiliation.Identify some of the characteristics associated with each of these needs.How are these needs often assessed?
Q4) The prominent early American psychologist _____argued that rather than crying because we feel hurt,"We feel sorry because we cry."
Q5) The _____is the particular level of weight that the body strives to maintain.
Q6) Valerie is obese-that is,her body mass index (BMI)exceeds _____.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Sexuality and Gender
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Sample Questions
Q1) Women now comprise approximately _____ of the AIDS cases worldwide.
A)20%
B)30%
C)40%
D)50%
Q2) Sadie can only achieve an orgasm when she masturbates.She is unable to have an orgasm when she has sex with her partner.Sadie suffers from:
A)primary orgasmic dysfunction.
B)anorgasmia.
C)gonorrhea.
D)chlamydia.
Q3) In the year _____,the American Psychiatric Association determined that homosexuality did not constitute a psychological disorder.
A)1963
B)1973
C)1983
D)1993
Q4) _____is the negative attitudes and behavior toward a person that are based on that person's gender.
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Chapter 12: Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) A condition in which children show some but not all of the effects of fetal alcohol syndrome is called _____.
Q2) According to Erikson,the psychosocial crisis of intimacy-versus-isolation occurs:
A)during the first year of life.
B)between the ages of 3 and 6.
C)during the early adult years.
D)during adolescence.
Q3) Dawn is 1 week old.Ellis is 6 years of age.Fritzi is 9 years of age.Girard is 15 years of age.In the context of the stages of development suggested by Piaget,which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
A)Dawn-sensorimotor
B)Ellis-concrete operational
C)Fritzi-formal operational
D)Girard-postoperational
Q4) The one-celled entity formed by the union of an egg and sperm is called a:
A)cyst.
B)fetus.
C)zygote.
D)neonate.
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Chapter 13: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____is a sense of success in forming close bonds with other people.
Q2) The _____ includes the conscience,which prevents us from behaving in a morally improper way by making us feel guilty if we do wrong.
A)ego
B)alter ego
C)superego
D)id
Q3) According to Freud,the _____ stage is the period from puberty until death,marked by mature sexual behavior (that is,sexual intercourse).
A)oral
B)genital
C)anal
D)phallic
Q4) Barry is trying to come up with an interpretation of an abstract collage of colors,lines,and shapes he is looking at.Barry is most probably taking some sort of_____ personality test.
Q5) Distinguish between self-efficacy and self-esteem.How do these concepts reflect their origins in social learning theory? Suggest how self-esteem may vary across cultures.
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Chapter 14: Health Psychology: Stress, Coping, and Well-Being
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify the correct statement relating to happy people.
A)Men and women are always made happy by the same sorts of activities.
B)Happy people like to be around other people.
C)Happy people do not see themselves as more intelligent than the average person.
D)Happy people enjoy more as they have a sense of control that is less firm.
Q2) One in _____U.S.deaths is attributable to smoking cigarettes.
Q3) Joan is gentle,friendly,laid-back,and cooperative; she displays a(n)_____behavior pattern.
Q4) The rate of lung cancer among African-American smokers is _____ than it is among white smokers.
A)75% lower
B)25% higher
C)50% higher
D)50% lower
Q5) The average smoker tries to quit about _____ times before being successful.
A)3 to 4
B)5 to 6
C)8 to 10
D)12 to15
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Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ is a disorder typically marked by inattention,impulsiveness,a low tolerance for frustration,and a great deal of inappropriate activity.
A)Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
B)Narcissistic personality disorder
C)Schizophrenia
D)Bipolar disorder
Q2) Brett has an intense,irrational fear of needles and other sharp objects.Brett is most likely to be diagnosed with _____.
A)manic disorder
B)phobic disorder
C)bipolar disorder
D)cyclothymic disorder
Q3) Which of the following is TRUE of the characteristics of the major clinical disorders?
A)The fear of water occurs in dissociative disorders.
B)Sexual dysfunction occurs in mood disorders.
C)Loss of memory due to degeneration of brain cells occurs in somatic symptom disorders.
D)Severe distortion of reality occurs in schizophrenia.
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17
Chapter 16: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psychodynamic therapy involves:
A)the consideration of unresolved past conflicts and unacceptable impulses.
B)the use of drugs and medical procedures.
C)behavior modification techniques.
D)an attempt to challenge the patient's current thinking patterns.
Q2) The most common defense mechanism is _____.
A)dissociation
B)projection
C)reaction formation
D)repression
Q3) _____ treatment approaches make use of the basic processes of learning,such as reinforcement and extinction,and assume that normal and abnormal behaviors are both learned.
A)Cognitive
B)Psychodynamic
C)Behavioral
D)Humanistic
Q4) In _____ ,gradual exposure to an anxiety-producing stimulus is paired with relaxation to extinguish the response of anxiety.
Q5) What is transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)?
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is TRUE of conformity?
A)People working on ambiguous tasks and questions (those with no clear answer)are less susceptible to conformity.
B)The less attractive a group appears to its members,the greater its ability to produce conformity.
C)Conformity is considerably lower when people must respond publicly.
D)Subtle or even unspoken social pressure results in conformity.
Q2) Dr.Neilson examines the structures in the brain regarding social behavior.Dr.Neilson's work exemplifies the emerging field of:
A)social cognition.
B)social neuroscience.
C)neurosocial psychology.
D)behavioral neuroscience.
Q3) Which among the following strategies is the most effective means of dealing with anger?
A)Never take another person's perspective on the situation.
B)Use language effectively by saying "you," not "I."
C)Fantasize about expressing your anger and act on it.
D)Minimize the importance of the situation.
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Page 19