Principles of Psychology Review
Questions
Course Introduction
Principles of Psychology introduces students to the scientific study of human thought, behavior, and emotion. Covering foundational topics such as biological bases of behavior, perception, learning, memory, development, motivation, personality, and social interactions, this course provides a broad overview of how psychologists investigate mental processes and behavior. Students will also explore psychological research methods and gain insight into the application of psychological principles in everyday life, emphasizing critical thinking and ethical considerations in the field.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology An Introduction 10th Edition by Benjamin Lahey
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17 Chapters
3025 Verified Questions
3025 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology
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153 Verified Questions
153 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) For Sigmund Freud,____________ were the most important determinants of human behavior.
A) rewards and punishments
B) conscious thoughts
C) hereditary factors
D) unconscious motives
Answer: D
Q2) If you are attempting to help college students select a career,you are hoping to fulfill psychology's goal of ____________.
Answer: influence
Q3) Of the following psychology professionals,who can write prescriptions for psychotropic medications in ALL states by virtue of his/her degree?
A) a licensed psychiatric nurse
B) a psychiatrist
C) a clinical psychologist
D) a health psychologist
Answer: B
Q4) In the school of structuralism,Edward Titchener's mentor was ____________. Answer: Wilhelm Wundt
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Chapter 2: Research Methods in Psychology
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181 Verified Questions
181 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which belief is critical to the scientific study of any phenomenon?
A) Behavior is random.
B) Behavior is unpredictable.
C) Behavior is easily influenced.
D) Behavior is lawful and orderly.
Answer: D
Q2) Of the following,which is clearly a violation of the ethical principles for conducting research with humans?
A) deceiving a participant about the actual hypothesis until the study has been completed
B) deceiving a participant about an aspect of the study that may have influenced his/her decision not to participate.
C) asking participants to sign their full names to a consent form
D) deceiving participants initially,but fully disclosing the nature of the deception immediately upon completion of the experiment
Answer: B
Q3) Sigmund Freud developed his theories by using the ____________ method.
Answer: clinical
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4
Chapter 3: Biological Foundations in Behavior
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185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are a neuron that is depolarizing.What is happening?
A) Your membrane is becoming less permeable to sodium ions.
B) Gates in your membrane are opening,and proteins are crossing the membrane.
C) You are moving negatively charged particles to the outside of your membrane.
D) Your membrane is becoming more permeable,and sodium ions are flowing in.
Answer: D
Q2) A polarized neuron is:
A) sending information.
B) secreting neurotransmitters.
C) receiving information.
D) resting.
Answer: D
Q3) Of the following,which is the best description of the role of glial cells?
A) manager
B) creative director
C) assistant
D) meter reader
Answer: C
Q4) The growth of new neurons in adult mammals is referred to as ____________.
Answer: neurogenesis
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Chapter 4: The Interplay of Nature and Nurture
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Sample Questions
Q1) With the exception of ova and sperm,human cells contain ______ pairs of chromosomes.
Q2) Are differences in cognitive performance more closely related to people's biological sex or to their gender identity?
A) They are more closely related to SEX than to gender identity.
B) They are more closely related to GENDER IDENTITY than to sex.
C) They are EQUALLY related to sex and to gender identity.
D) They are UNRELATED to both sex and gender identity
Q3) By definition,gender identity is a matter of:
A) the behaviors and characteristics a culture prescribes to males or females.
B) physical anatomy.
C) one's personal notion of oneself.
D) sexual desire but not necessarily sexual behavior.
Q4) Which of the following statements provides the clearest statement of ethnic identity?
A) "I am from China."
B) "I am Hispanic."
C) "I speak French."
D) "I am of African descent."
Q5) List and describe three cognitive differences between men and women.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
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214 Verified Questions
214 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The smallest intensity of a sound that you can hear half the time is the absolute threshold.
A)True
B)False
Q2) ____________ are released in the sweat and urine of animals.
Q3) The fifth type of taste bud that has recently been identified would likely be MOST stimulated by which of the following foods?
A) apple
B) French fries
C) grapefruit juice
D) bread
Q4) On their way to the visual hemispheres,messages from the inside fields of the retinas cross over at the ____________.
Q5) If you stare at a blue dot and then look at a white sheet of paper,what color will you see on the paper?
A) red
B) yellow
C) blue
D) green
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Chapter 6: States of Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Freud believed that ____________ helped reduce tension from unmet needs and unfulfilled wishes.
Q2) The manager says that you are not good enough for the job.On the way home,your mind starts wandering.You start imagining what it would be like if you got a terrific job,got promoted to president of the company,got to hear that manager who claimed you weren't good enough beg for a promotion,and got to tell him,"Sorry,you're not good enough." You are in a state of:
A) dreaming
B) daydreaming.
C) divided consciousness.
D) normal waking consciousness.
Q3) The brain waves of a person having a REM dream are most similar to which of the following?
A) stage four sleep
B) stage two sleep
C) the hypnagogic state
D) full wakefulness
Q4) Narcoleptics fall directly into REM sleep during a sleep attack.
A)True
B)False
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Basic Principles of Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a taste aversion,the food that makes you ill is the unconditioned stimulus.
A)True
B)False
Q2) As a child,every time you played near the neighbor's farm and a cow wandered over,your mother (who has a terrible fear of cows)screamed,snatched you into her arms,and ran into the house.You would get so startled that you would begin to cry.In this example,the CR is:
A) the cow.
B) your mother.
C) fear of your mother.
D) fear of cows.
Q3) Your boss is so crabby on Mondays that you know he will yell at you.Over time,you begin to call in sick on Mondays.You are reinforcing your absence on Mondays through: A) escape conditioning.
B) avoidance conditioning.
C) punishment.
D) positive reinforcement.
Q4) A(n)____________ is an inferred mental representation of a physical space.
Q5) Secondary reinforcers are ____________ through classical conditioning.
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Chapter 8: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Instead of mentally representing the letters I R S A M A A P A as individual letters,you quickly arrange them as "IRS," "AMA," and "APA." You have just used:
A) elaborative rehearsal.
B) chunking.
C) serial processing.
D) consolidation.
Q2) After hearing a telephone number,most people who do not rehearse the number will forget it within:
A) a few seconds.
B) 30 seconds or less.
C) 2 to 4 minutes.
D) a few hours.
Q3) Visual information is contained in the ____________ for one-quarter of a second.
Q4) An "echo" of which type of sensory information is retained in the sensory register for up to four seconds?
A) auditory
B) tactile
C) visual
D) olfactory
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Chapter 9: Cognition, Language, and Intelligence
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188 Verified Questions
188 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) To calculate a deviation IQ,you:
A) divide mental age by chronological age.
B) divide the correct number of responses by the total number of questions.
C) compare an individual's performance to the performance of others in the same age group.
D) calculate the percentage of items passed to the percentage of items attempted.
Q2) Thurstone suggested that intelligence is made up of ______ different abilities.
Q3) What percentage of the population has IQ scores under 85?
A) 5%
B) 15%
C) 25%
D) 30%
Q4) The smallest units of meaning in a language are:
A) words.
B) morphemes.
C) phonemes.
D) syntax rules.
Q5) The grammatical rules of a language are part of its ____________.
Q6) ____________ thinking is thinking that is logical,conventional,and focused.
11
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Chapter 10: Developmental Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the 2-year-old room of a day care center,you notice that children are engaged in a wide variety of activities but no one seems to be playing with anyone else.Which kind of play are the children MOST likely engaged in?
A) solitary play
B) parallel play
C) cooperative play
D) functional play
Q2) Results from Terman's long-term study of intelligent school children demonstrate that a child rated as having which of the following personality characteristics were more likely to live longer?
A) cheerful
B) risk-taking
C) truthful
D) intelligent
Q3) According to Erikson,early adulthood is a time of:
A) integrity vs.despair.
B) intimacy vs.isolation.
C) identity vs.role confusion.
D) generativity vs.stagnation.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Motivation and Emotion
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213 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to ____________ theory,people are aggressive when they have learned that it pays to be aggressive.
Q2) Which of the following influence regulates animal sexual desire,but not necessarily human sexual desire?
A) the behavior of a potential sexual partner
B) prolonged deprivation from sexual activity
C) hormones
D) fluctuations in male sperm production
Q3) Psychological motives are motives that are:
A) universal.
B) not influenced by learning.
C) not directly related to survival needs.
D) regulated by the hypothalamus.
Q4) Explain the relevance of the facial feedback hypothesis to the James-Lange theory.
Q5) Describe Schachter's experiments examining the affiliation motive.
Q6) The satiety system is regulated by the ____________.
Q7) Summarize the findings of Elliot and Church in their studies of college students and achievement motivation.
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Chapter 12: Personality Theories and Assessment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Humanists use the term ____________ to describe the process that pushes individuals to grow and improve.
A) self-regulation
B) inner-directedness
C) subjective reality
D) conscience
Q2) According to Maslow,self-actualized individuals:
A) place personal needs above the needs of others.
B) depend on others to meet their social needs.
C) are conformists.
D) have the courage to act on their convictions.
Q3) According to Freud,the resolution of the Oedipal complex involves:
A) sublimation of the mother.
B) identification with the father.
C) the development of castration anxiety.
D) the channeling of sexual energies into appropriate sexual behavior.
Q4) According to social learning theory,individuals are inherently selfish.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Relate id,ego,and superego development to Freud's psychosexual stages.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Stress and Health
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165 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The source of stress that is the result of being unable to satisfy a motive is referred to as:
A) conflict.
B) pressure.
C) frustration.
D) life events.
Q2) Describe three ways in which health psychology can affect health and/or the cost of health care.
Q3) Which of the following is a likely reason for the gender differences in health benefits derived from marriage?
A) Married women tend to take better care of themselves physically than do married men.
B) The increased responsibilities carried by the husband are additional stressors that women do not experience.
C) Women tend to rely on their husbands for social support.
D) Married men tend to be urged by their wives to eat well and to seek medical advice.
Q4) List the characteristics associated with the Type A personality and discuss those characteristics most associated with coronary disease.
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Chapter 14: Abnormal Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) The day before his tryouts for the National Baseball League,the star recruit developed paralysis in his right arm.Because no medical cause could be found for his condition,it is likely the recruit had developed:
A) a somatoform pain disorder.
B) a conversion disorder.
C) hypochondriasis.
D) dissociative amnesia.
Q2) The belief that one is a person of exceptional importance is called a delusion of ____________.
Q3) A ____________ is a strange false belief.
Q4) Last year,Diane's father died very unexpectedly.Family members will frequently bring up his funeral and the events that occurred in the weeks immediately after his death.Diane does not recall any of the events family members recall.Why?
A) Diane is most likely depressed.
B) Because she was so traumatized,Diane did not lay down any memories of the funeral.
C) Diane is suffering from dissociative amnesia.
D) Diane was probably in a dissociative fugue state during the funeral.
Q5) ____________ involves sexual relations between relatives.
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Chapter 15: Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT one of the ethical guidelines established by the APA and the ABT?
A) The therapist must discuss with the client any alternative treatment options.
B) If the client has ethnic issues that the therapist does not understand,the therapist must refer the client to a therapist who can be more beneficial.
C) If the client and therapist are interested in each other romantically,the therapist must terminate therapy prior to pursuing the relationship.
D) If a therapist wishes to share information about a client,the therapist needs the client's written permission.
Q2) The ____________ approach of Jay Haly and Sal Minuchin is most often used with family therapy.
Q3) Interpersonal psychotherapy emerged from the theories of:
A) Karen Horney.
B) Harry Stack Sullivan.
C) Carl Rogers.
D) Fritz Perls.
Q4) When used today,electroconvulsive therapy is used to treat ____________.
Q5) Explain why client-centered therapy is called "client-centered" therapy.
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Chapter 16: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The process of changing another person's attitudes through arguments is referred to as:
A) teaching.
B) obedience.
C) conformity.
D) persuasion.
Q2) When Wanetta was very small,a large dog bit her and she was required to receive rabies shots.Today,whenever her daughter asks for a puppy,she says,"No! Dogs are bad and you never know when they will turn on you." Wanetta's attitude about dogs results from:
A) classical conditioning.
B) modeling.
C) early temperament.
D) reinforcement.
Q3) The tendency for groups to make decisions that are more radical or risky than would be made by individuals alone is called:
A) groupthink.
B) conformity.
C) polarization.
D) obedience.
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Chapter 17: Psychology Applied to Business and Other Professions
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167 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would be the MOST likely concern for industrial-organizational psychologists?
A) the impact of pollutants on reaction time in complex tasks
B) male versus female reactions to unemployment
C) the impact of retirement on lifestyles
D) how to improve employee motivation and attitudes
Q2) For which project would you hire a human factors engineer?
A) to develop a standardized aptitude test for job applicants
B) to outline a set of procedures for dealing with poor employee performance
C) to develop a childproof medicine bottle that can be easily opened by an arthritic patient
D) to develop a questionnaire to explore peoples' attitudes about recycling
Q3) Which is of the following is true regarding job satisfaction and productivity?
A) High job satisfaction is associated with high productivity.
B) Job satisfaction is poorly correlated with productivity.
C) As job satisfaction decreases,employee motivation increases.
D) As job satisfaction increases,employee productivity decreases.
Q4) Three major concerns of psychologists involved in environmental protection include overpopulation,resource depletion,and ____________.
Page 19
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