Principles of Psychology Practice Questions
Course Introduction
Principles of Psychology provides an introduction to the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. The course explores foundational concepts including perception, learning, memory, cognition, development, personality, emotion, motivation, and psychological disorders. Students will examine key theories, research methods, and applications within psychology, gaining a better understanding of both individual and group behavior. Emphasis is placed on the empirical basis of psychological knowledge and its relevance to real-world issues, helping students build critical thinking skills and an appreciation for human diversity and complexity.
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Psychology From Inquiry to Understanding 3rd Edition by Scott O. Lilienfeld
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Chapter 1: Psychology and Scientific Thinking
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Q1) The fact that many people,when looking at the moon that orbits Earth,see a face (commonly called "the man in the moon")can be explained by the phenomenon of
A)chaotics
B)metaphysics
C)patternicity
D)apophenia
Answer: C
Q2) Nico is meeting with his academic advisor.He wishes to pursue a career where he'll work to diagnose and treat mental disorders.Nico aspires to be a(n)
A)clinical psychologist.
B)experimental psychologist.
C)forensic psychologist.
D)school psychologist.
Answer: A
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Chapter 1: Exsetntion: Psychology and Scientific Thinking
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Q1) Dr.Wolpe designs an experimental test of his theory of aggression against a competing theory.After conducting the appropriate statistical tests,he finds that the data are better explained by the competing theory.His willingness to accept the evidence that another theory is superior is a characteristic of A)dogmatism.
B)gullibility.
C)pathological skepticism.
D)scientific skepticism.
Answer: D
Q2) A classmate tells you the following: "It's not how a teacher answers your question that matters,but how you interpret his or her attempt at answering your question that leaves you satisfied or unsatisfied with his or her answer." This statement fits most closely with ideas from the school of thought known as A)behaviorism.
B)cognitivism.
C)psychoanalysis.
D)structuralism.
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 2: Research Methods
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Q1) The peer review process is designed to
A)block alternative therapies from being made available to the general public.
B)identify flaws in a research study's methods,findings,and conclusions.
C)make researchers feel bad when their article is not published.
D)place obstacles in front of people whose theories differ from mainstream science.
Answer: B
Q2) A key factor to consider when reading about the results of a study on the Internet,in a newspaper,or in a news magazine is to
A)consider the source of the information.
B)determine how well it fits with what others have told you in the past.
C)rely on your common sense or "gut" intuition.
D)popular media outlets always have inaccurate information.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Exsetntion: Research Methods
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Q1) Dr.Potter,an English professor,is curious about his students' attitudes toward one of his favorite books.What research method is he most likely to use to gather this information?
A)Survey
B)Case Study
C)Experiment
D)Naturalistic observation
Q2) A graph that can be used to represent the pattern of relationship between scores from two variables is called a
A)bar graph.
B)frequency polygon.
C)histogram.
D)scatterplot.
Q3) The _____ variable is what the experimenter "manipulates" or varies.
A)control
B)dependent
C)operational
D)independent
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6
Chapter 3: Biological Psychology
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Q1) Jack suffered a brain injury as a result of hitting his head while waterskiing.One of the problems that developed was that Jack could not pronounce certain words correctly for a long period of time until he had extensive speech therapy and can now speak as he did before his accident.This is an example of the brain's _____,which allowed the structure and function of his brain cells to change to adjust to the trauma.
A)Adaptology
B)Stagnation
C)Plasticity
D)Reflex arc
Q2) If Darren's brain is like that of most people,then fine-tuned language skills will be handled by his _____.
A)corpus callosum
B)occipital lobe
C)right cerebral hemisphere
D)left cerebral hemisphere
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Chapter 3: Exsetntion: Biological Psychology
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Q1) During an action potential,the electrical charge inside the neuron is _____ the electrical charge outside the neuron.
A)positive compared to B)larger than
C)negative compared to D)smaller than
Q2) The flight-or-fight response is mobilized by the A)central nervous system.
B)somatic nervous system.
C)sympathetic nervous system.
D)parasympathetic nervous system.
Q3) _____ play(s)a critical role as a neurotransmitter that stimulates muscles to contract.
A)Acetylcholine
B)GABA
C)Dopamine
D)Endorphins
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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Q1) Pete has played lead guitar in a rock band for years.He often would turn the volume on his guitar way up and spend a great deal of time in front of the speakers during the shows.His resulting hearing loss over the past few years is most likely the result of A)conductive deafness.
B)nerve deafness.
C)noise-induced hearing loss.
D)tinnitus.
Q2) Attending to many modalities simultaneously is a phenomenon called A)bottom-up processing.
B)top-down processing.
C)parallel processing.
D)selective attention.
Q3) Cason is initially blinded as he walks out of a daytime movie.However,very rapidly his eyes begin to adjust to the bright light.What is the best explanation for his rapid recovery?
A)Perceptual adjustments
B)Sensory deprivation
C)Oversensitivity of his rods and cones
D)Sensory adaptation
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Chapter 4: Exsetntion: Sensation and Perception
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Q1) _____ processing is conceptually driven and influenced by our beliefs and expectations.
A)Bottom-up
B)Parallel
C)Top-down
D)Sensory
Q2) Psychics are often viewed as accurate because they make general statements like,"A major celebrity will spend time in jail in 2007," and then we recall that Paris Hilton and Nicole Richie were sentenced to serve jail time in 2007.This is the psychic trick of A)clairvoyance.
B)cold reading.
C)failed psychic predictions.
D)multiple end points.
Q3) Which of the following most closely mimics the process of transduction?
A)Betty mixes eggs,flour,and sugar together to make a cake.
B)While painting,Stan combines the colors red and blue to make purple.
C)Gas companies convert crude oil into a fuel that car engines can run on.
D)Nike changes its logo from a "swoosh" to a "panther."
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Chapter 5: Consciousness
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Q1) Which of the following drugs is categorized as a depressant?
A)Cocaine
B)LSD
C)Alcohol
D)Marijuana
Q2) The positive effects that have been noted when using hypnosis have been explained in a number of ways.One suggestion is that the relaxed state that accompanies a "hypnotic trance" is uniquely responsible for all of the effects.This reminds us of which principle of critical thinking from your book?
A)Replicability
B)Ruling out rival hypotheses
C)Correlation vs.causation
D)Falsifiability
Q3) Which of the following pairs belong together?
A)Marijuana; tetrahydrocannabinol
B)Marijuana; psilocybin
C)Marijuana; acetylcholine
D)MDMA; acetylcholine
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Chapter 5: Exsetntion: Consciousness
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Q1) Although he knows that it is wrong,Sean has a crush on his new stepmom.He dreams of the two of them running away together and living happily ever after.What aspect of dreaming does this represent?
A)Activation-synthesis
B)Repressed desires
C)Wish fulfillment
D)Dream-work
Q2) Sleepwalking occurs most often during _____ sleep.
A)REM
B)stage 1
C)stage 2
D)stage 4
Q3) At its most basic level,_____ is an exercise in suggestion.
A)hypnosis
B)meditation
C)dreaming
D)lucidity
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Q1) Which of the following represents the findings of David Premack?
A)Disallowing a child to have ice cream because he/she did not eat his/her vegetables
B)Allowing a child to have ice cream only if he/she eats his/her vegetables
C)Allowing a child to have ice cream even if he/she does not eat their vegetables
D)Allowing the child to have an extra ice cream cone if he/she dislikes the first cone
Q2) The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behavior is called _____.
A)operant conditioning
B)classical conditioning
C)effective based learning
D)discovery learning
Q3) Whenever five-year-old Claire goes to the dentist,she becomes anxious and cries.Since she was not afraid of the dentist on her first visit,her fear was a learned behavior.The UCS in this case was probably
A)the dentist's beard.
B)sweet toothpaste.
C)the pain associated with teeth cleaning.
D)the sound of the music in the dentist's waiting room.
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Chapter 6: Exsetntion: Learning
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Q1) Concerning cognitive maps,which is likely true?
A)Teens allowed to view a maze from 10 feet above before beginning will be just as capable of working their way through the maze,as compared to teens given a practice run through the maze before beginning.
B)Teens allowed to view a maze from 10 feet above before beginning will be less capable of working their way through the maze,as compared to teens given a practice run through the maze before beginning.
C)Forming a mental representation of the layout of the maze will likely confuse teens because they learn best by doing not thinking.
D)The ability to form accurate mental representations of the layout of the maze will be difficult for teens,so the group viewing the maze before beginning will likely perform worse on this task.
Q2) Thorndike's Law of Effect is most closely associated with which operant conditioning principle?
A)Positive reinforcement
B)Punishment
C)Premack principle
D)Negative reinforcement
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Chapter 7: Memory
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Q1) "You should have seen it! First the car flipped over and then it exploded! I will never forget it!" What type of memory may have just formed in this eyewitness?
A)Flashbulb
B)Implicit
C)Semantic
D)Procedural
Q2) Oscar is writing a fictional autobiography.He is combining real events with those that could have happened,as well as a few creative additions.In terms of the memory system,this approach is most similar to
A)the three systems of memory.
B)parallel distributed processing.
C)reconstructive memory.
D)implicit memory.
Q3) In long-term memory,the _____ memory division does not require much effort or attention to recall information.
A)procedural
B)episodic
C)visual-spatial
D)prospective
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Page 15
Chapter 7: Exsetntion: Memory
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Q1) Which of the following best illustrates the paradox of memory?
A)Jillian can remember all of her favorite baseball player's statistics for the last 7 years,but forgets where she left her car keys.
B)Amy remembers the names of most of her third-grade students from the last several years.
C)Ryan can remember almost all of the states and capitols,but is struggling to remember the names of foreign countries.
D)Nina finds it difficult to accurately recall some of her childhood memories.
Q2) Eyewitness testimony has been found to be most accurate when
A)the witness has ample time to observe the person under good viewing conditions.
B)the witness is presented a simultaneous,as opposed to a sequential,lineup.
C)a weapon is used in the commission of a crime.
D)the witness is distracted or must fill in gaps in their memory with stereotyped information.
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Chapter 8: Thinking, Reasoning, and Language
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Q1) E-mail can often lead to misunderstandings.This is because
A)it lacks extralinguistic information.
B)people misspell more often with e-mail than with pen-and-paper writing.
C)of decreasing literacy levels.
D)most people read e-mail more rapidly than other written forms.
Q2) A loose screw on the visor causes it to drop down while Ben drives; however,he keeps forgetting to take a screwdriver out to the car to fix it.When he notices the visor drop again,he reaches into his pocket for a dime,which he uses to tighten the screw holding the visor.What problem-solving difficulty did Ben overcome?
A)Relative comparison
B)Functional fixedness
C)Poor problem representation
D)The representative heuristic
Q3) Much of our language use serves non-informational purposes,such as
A)establishing or maintaining social relationships.
B)telling the barista that we want a skim latte.
C)advising a friend what time to show up at a party.
D)providing directions to an event.
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Chapter 8: Exsetntion: Thinking, Reasoning, and Language
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Q1) Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding sign language and talking?
A)Learning sign language speeds up the process of learning to talk.
B)Deaf children who rely on sign language rarely acquire any true vocal skills.
C)Children who are partially deaf and who use sign language have the worst chance of learning to talk because they use sign language as a "crutch."
D)Research has found that only deaf children who get cochlear implants ever truly learn to talk effectively.
Q2) It is possible to increase both our reading speed and comprehension,as long as our speed does not exceed _____ words per minute.
A)100
B)200
C)300
D)400
Q3) As symbolic systems of communication,most languages
A)generally match sounds to the meaning of words.
B)are arbitrary in the relationship between words and meaning.
C)can be translated to another without impaired meanings of complex concepts.
D)do not have concepts that are unique to just one particular language.
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Chapter 9: Intelligence and IQ Testing
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Q1) Sterilization laws beginning in the early 1900s remained on the books in the United States until the A)1940s.
B)1950s.
C)1960s.
D)1970s.
Q2) Which of the following is an example of "stereotype threat"?
A)Julie becomes anxious when told that women perform worse than men on standardized math tests,but she uses this as incentive to earn a high score on the SAT math section.
B)Julie becomes anxious when told that women perform worse than men on standardized math tests,and even though she is a gifted mathematician,she performs below average on the SAT math section.
C)Julie is told that women perform worse than men on standardized math tests,but she ignores this information and earns a high score on the SAT math section.
D)Julie is told that women perform worse than men on standardized math tests,but her preparation for the test allows her to earn a high score on the SAT math section.
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Chapter 9: Exsetntion: Intelligence and IQ Testing
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Q1) Marvis,the manager of a large business,always says,"Those are all great ideas,but now we need to pick the best one." What aspect of thought is Marvis focusing on?
A)Divergent thinking
B)Convergent thinking
C)Dichotomous thinking
D)Thinking outside the box
Q2) A person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point.The person is engaging in _____.
A)functional thinking
B)circular thinking
C)convergent thinking
D)divergent thinking
Q3) Which movement was Hitler's rise to power and his quest to produce the master race analogous to?
A)Ebonics
B)Darwinism
C)Genocide
D)Eugenics
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Chapter 10: Human Development
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Q1) Which of the following is not a known symptom of fetal alcohol syndrome?
A)Facial malformations
B)Respiratory difficulties
C)Behavioral disorders
D)Learning disabilities
Q2) Which of the following physical changes is associated with aging in men?
A)A loss of ability to hear low-pitched sounds
B)A reduction in testosterone levels
C)A reduction in interest in his career
D)An increase in the speed at which a man gets an erection
Q3) "Human beings do not demonstrate _____," said Professor Spiegelman."Otherwise,most newborns would think that the physician who was handling the childbirth was its mother or father!"
A)plasticity
B)reflexes
C)instincts
D)imprinting
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Chapter 10: Exsetntion: Human Development
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Q1) During the _____ stage of development,a child will not have developed object permanence.
A)preoperational
B)sensorimotor
C)concrete operational
D)formal operational
Q2) Cross-sectional research studies gather data from many people who are of the same age,and compare them to others who are at a different age,and thus a different level of development.The name for a group of people who are the same age and thus were raised during the same time period is a(n)_____.
A)cohort
B)experimental subject group
C)control group
D)schema
Q3) The correct order of the stages of prenatal development is
A)fetal stage,embryonic stage,zygotic stage.
B)germinal stage,embryonic stage,fetal stage.
C)zygotic stage,fetal stage,germinal stage.
D)zygotic stage,embryonic stage,germinal stage, fetal stage.
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Chapter 11: Emotion and Motivation
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Q1) According to the glucostatic theory,the level of _____ is a primary control mechanism for the regulation of hunger.
A)lipids in the liver
B)glucose in the blood
C)metabolites in the pancreas
D)phospholipids in the spleen
Q2) Jane just met Allen at a bar.They talked for awhile and shared a cab home.She tells her roommates that she cannot stop thinking about him.What type of love is she experiencing?
A)Fatuous
B)Empty
C)Romantic
D)Infatuation
Q3) The fact that identical twins are more likely to share sexual orientation than fraternal twins suggests that sexual orientation is at least partly
A)environmental.
B)genetic.
C)chemical.
D)hormonal.
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Chapter 11: Exsetntion: Emotion and Motivation
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Q1) Val has a crush on Ilene.What is one thing he might do to make himself more desirable?
A)Bring her flowers
B)Stop by every day to say hello
C)Compliment her on her hair
D)Tell her she has nice shoes
Q2) Our unconscious spillover of emotions into nonverbal behavior is called _____.
A)nonverbal communication
B)a manipulator
C)an illustrator
D)nonverbal leakage
Q3) "Look at those two,they can't keep their hands off of each other! They've only been on two dates,and they barely know each other!" What type of love is being depicted?
A)Companionate
B)Infatuation
C)Committed
D)Intimate
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Chapter 12: Stress, Coping, and Health
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Q1) The prevailing explanation for the relationship between stress and illness has been that increased levels of stress result in a decrease in the immune system's ability to protect the body from illness.On the other hand,it is possible that people who are experiencing stress engage in more health-damaging behaviors,this leads us to a greater likelihood of illness.This different explanation of the relationship demonstrates the importance of A)falsifiability.
B)ruling out rival hypotheses.
C)replicability.
D)extraordinary claims.
Q2) Research has found that the body's immune system can attack your own body parts,leading to all but which of the following conditions?
A)Arthritis
B)AIDS
C)Multiple sclerosis
D)Diabetes
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Chapter 12: Exsetntion: Stress, Coping, and Health
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Q1) Which is true about the DARE program?
A)It is very unpopular in schools.
B)It targets first and second graders.
C)It teaches the negative effects of using drugs.
D)It produces long-lasting effects.
Q2) The Type A behavior pattern is a significant predictor of _____.
A)mental illness
B)coronary heart disease
C)cancer
D)respiratory illnesses
Q3) Vanna's mother is ill and Vanna is feeling overwhelmed and sad.To cope with this stress of her mother's illness,Vanna has been writing her feelings down in a journal.Vanna is using _____.
A)problem-focused coping
B)emotion-focused coping
C)distraction
D)reappraisal
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Chapter 13: Social Psychology
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Q1) Marika was confronted by the jealous girlfriend of a guy that Marika had dated.She backed down from the confrontation and fled the scene.Later,she asked several others what they would have done in that type of a situation,and they agreed that they would have done the same thing.Marika felt better.This is an example of
A)fundamental attribution theory.
B)social comparison theory.
C)collective delusions.
D)mass hysteria.
Q2) Your friend asks to borrow $50 from you.You tell him no.Then he asks for a mere $10,which you gladly give him.While you feel glad to have helped him out,you may have just experienced the
A)foot-in-the-mouth technique.
B)foot-in-the-door technique.
C)door-in-the-face technique.
D)door-in-the-foot technique.
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Chapter 13: Exsetntion: Social Psychology
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Q1) According to research,humans have a biological need for interpersonal interactions.This is called the
A)need for friends theory.
B)need for intimacy theory.
C)need for interpersonal interactions theory.
D)need to belong theory.
Q2) You get on an elevator.Everyone is facing to the right.You turn and also face to the right.This is an example of A)obedience.
B)comparison.
C)attribution.
D)conformity.
Q3) _____ is the claim that our attributions and behaviors are shaped by a belief that the world is fair and people always get what they deserve.
A)The just-world hypothesis
B)The scapegoat hypothesis
C)The bandwagon hypothesis
D)The maladaptive gullibility hypothesis
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Chapter 14: Personality
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Q1) The MMPI and MMPI-2 are personality tests that are designed to
A)detect individual differences in personality patterns.
B)detect symptoms of mental disorders.
C)detect relationships between body types and personality patterns.
D)detect differences in interpretation of ambiguous stimuli.
Q2) Cailee and Rick's parents take them to church every week.What type of influence on personality is being exhibited?
A)Genetic
B)Nonshared environmental
C)Shared environmental
D)Sociological
Q3) The neo-Freudian,Carl Jung,suggested the existence of a collective unconscious that contains images shared by all people,called _____.
A)schemas
B)archetypes
C)prototypes
D)instincts
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Chapter 14: Exsetntion: Personality
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Q1) What theorist strongly disagreed with Freud's ideas about women and their feelings of inferiority and the Oedipus complex?
A)Adler
B)Horney
C)Jung
D)Klein
Q2) Achak is upset.He tells his roommate that if his psychology teacher knew how to teach,Achak would not have flunked his midterm.What locus of control is Achak demonstrating?
A)Latent
B)Reciprocal
C)Internal
D)External
Q3) According to Freud,habits such as smoking or overeating could result from a fixation in the _____ stage.
A)oral
B)anal
C)genital
D)phallic
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Page 30
Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Q1) During the day,Barb suffers from frequent,unwanted thoughts that she has left her front door unlocked,and recurrent images that all her belongings have been taken.These thoughts and images are what psychologists refer to as a(n)
A)compulsion.
B)delusion.
C)hallucination.
D)obsession.
Q2) Which psychological disorder has the strongest evidence for a genetic link?
A)Antisocial personality disorder
B)Bipolar disorder
C)Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D)Schizophrenia
Q3) According to the data,the single best predictor of suicide is A)loss of a loved one.
B)depression.
C)a previous attempt.
D)unemployment.
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Chapter 15: Exsetntion: Psychological Disorders
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Q1) Ned seeks therapy after having recurrent episodes of feeling "detached from himself" for several months,but he has not lost his self-awareness or memory.He notes that he feels like a robot,disconnected from his movements and actions.He is most likely suffering from _____.
A)dissociative fugue
B)conversion disorder
C)dissociative identity disorder
D)depersonalization/derealization disorder
Q2) Major changes in sleep patterns,weight level,and a loss of interest in pleasurable activities,characterize
A)agoraphobia.
B)major depressive disorder.
C)schizophrenia.
D)social anxiety.
Q3) Which of the following statements is true regarding suicide?
A)More men than women attempt suicide.
B)More women than men attempt suicide.
C)Depression is a better predictor of suicide than are feelings of hopelessness.
D)There is no relationship between age and attempting suicide.
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Page 32
Chapter 16: Psychological and Biological Treatments
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10 Verified Questions
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Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77187
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following professionals is trained as a medical doctor and may be found working in either private practice or in a hospital setting?
A)Clinical psychologist
B)Clinical social worker
C)Mental health counselor
D)Psychiatrist
Q2) George begins to project his anxieties and unresolved feelings about his mother onto his therapist.This is what Sigmund Freud would have called A)free association.
B)resistance.
C)transference.
D)working through.
Q3) A _____ provides counseling,support in spiritual context,wellness programs,as well as group,family,and couples therapy.
A)psychiatrist
B)mental health counselor
C)pastoral counselor
D)psychiatric nurse
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33
Chapter 16: Exsetntion: Psychological and Biological Treatments
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psychologists find group therapy to be an effective approach to treatment because A)it is more effective at producing lasting changes than the individual treatments.
B)it allows participants to practice new skills in a safe environment.
C)they interact less with each individual patient.
D)they can make more money.
Q2) Your friend Maria asks you why seeing a mental health professional rather than a paraprofessional may be a better choice.You explain that
A)professional helpers appreciate the complex ethical,professional,and personal issues. B)professional helpers understand how to operate ineffectively within the mental health system.
C)professional helpers are less confident,less defensive,and better able to appreciate clients' world view.
D)professional helpers provide services in crisis intervention centers and other social service agencies.
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