Principles of Psychology Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Principles of Psychology introduces students to the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. The course explores foundational concepts including perception, learning, memory, cognition, emotion, and motivation, as well as biological, developmental, and social influences on behavior. Students examine major psychological theories and research methods, fostering critical thinking and an understanding of how psychological principles apply to everyday life. Through lectures, discussions, and practical examples, the course lays the groundwork for further study in psychology and related disciplines.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology 4th Canadian Edition by Carole Wade
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16 Chapters
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Chapter 1: What Is Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe Wilhelm Wundt's favourite research method.
Answer: A good answer will include the following key points.
* Wundt's favourite research method was introspection.
* This involved carefully observing, analyzing, and describing one's own sensations, mental images, and emotional reactions.
* About 10 000 practice observations were required before one could participate in an actual experiment.
* It might take as long as minutes to describe a 1.5 second experiment.
Q2) Psychologists from the cognitive perspective would be likely to agree that anxiety is due to forbidden, unconscious desires.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Applied psychology is the study of psychological issues that have direct, practical significance.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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3
Chapter 2: How Psychologists Do Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) An inactive substance or fake treatment used as a control in an experiment or given by a medical practitioner to a patient.
A)confirmation bias
B)volunteer bias
C)placebo
D)experimenter effects
E)double-blind study
Answer: C
Q2) Statistical procedures that allow researchers to draw conclusions about how statistically meaningful a study's results are.
A)inferential statistics
B)effect size
C)significance tests
D)descriptive statistics
E)meta-analysis
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Genes, Evolution, and Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Basic arithmetic skills are either present at birth or develop rapidly during maturation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) In general, evolutionary psychologists study human differences and behavioural geneticists study human similarities.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The basic unit of heredity is the:
A) chromosome.
B) gene.
C) protein molecule.
D) genome.
Answer: B
Q4) Dizygotic twins develop when separate eggs are fertilized by separate sperm.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: The Brain: Source of Mind and Self
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Sample Questions
Q1) The thalamus is a brain structure that relays sensory messages to the cerebral cortex.
A)True
B)False
Q2) On a hike through the hills, Tim feels a bug crawling up his leg under his pants. In this example, Tim's ________ is active.
A) somatic nervous system
B) parasympathetic nervous system
C) sympathetic nervous system
D) autonomic
Q3) What part of the brain acts like a switchboard or traffic officer sending sensory information to the appropriate areas of cortex?
A) the hypothalamus
B) the cerebellum
C) the thalamus
D) the medulla
Q4) The last split-brain operation was performed in 1981.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Body Rhythms and Mental States
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Sample Questions
Q1) When sleep researchers have studied humans and other species, they found that only the higher mammals, such as humans, great apes, and bottlenose dolphins, experience REM sleep.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Sigmund Freud would agree that the key to analyzing a dream will be found in the manifest content.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe the common effects of marijuana.
Q4) Medical benefits of marijuana use include all of the following EXCEPT:
A) reducing pain in glaucoma patients.
B) reducing nausea and vomiting in people undergoing cancer chemotherapy.
C) reducing some of the symptoms of multiple sclerosis.
D) reducing the frequency of seizures in some epileptics.
Q5) The problem-focused theory of dreaming states that the purpose of dreaming is to resolve current concerns.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe the common effects of opium.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) The psychological dimension of timbre corresponds to the ________ of the sound wave.
A) frequency
B) pitch
C) complexity
D) intensity
Q2) ________ codes rely on the fact that sensory receptors and neurons fire, or are inhibited from firing, only in the presence of specific sorts of stimuli.
A) Temporal
B) Utilitarian
C) Functional
D) Anatomical
Q3) Usually a colour deficient person is unable to distinguish red from green, and so the world is painted in shades of:
A) black, white, and red.
B) blue, yellow, brown, and grey.
C) black, white, yellow, and green.
D) reddish green and grey.
Q4) What is the "cocktail party phenomenon"?
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Chapter 7: Learning and Conditioning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behaviour is a procedure called:
A) higher-order conditioning.
B) chaining.
C) shaping.
D) training.
Q2) Study of the principles of classical conditioning reveals that:
A) the mere pairing of an unconditioned stimulus and a neutral stimulus is enough to produce learning.
B) classical conditioning occurs in mammals, but not in lower species.
C) classically conditioned responses last for about two years.
D) completely eliminating a conditioned response usually requires more than one session.
Q3) Extrinsic rewards can sometimes reduce the intrinsic pleasure of an activity.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Extinction occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context
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Sample Questions
Q1) Attribution theory examines:
A) predictions about behaviour of people in particular situations.
B) judgments about the personal attributes of others.
C) the explanations a person makes about the causes of behaviour.
D) the psychological traits, or "attributes," that a person possesses.
Q2) The belief that one's own ethnic group, nation, or religion is superior to all others is called ethnocentrism.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Adolf Eichmann supervised the death of millions of Jews during the Second World War. Shortly before his execution, Eichmann said, "I am the victim of a fallacy." What did he mean by this? What was the fallacy?
Q4) The belief that your own culture or ethnic group is superior to all others is called:
A) acculturation.
B) ethnocentrism.
C) stereotyping.
D) ethnic separatism.
Q5) List the procedures used by researchers to measure implicit prejudice.
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Chapter 9: Thinking and Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is associated with creativity?
A) divergent thinking
B) convergent thinking
C) mental set
D) higher than average IQ
Q2) According to the information-processing approach, our brains passively record incoming information.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is a prototype of the concept "high school course"?
A) math
B) photography
C) psychology
D) life skills
Q4) David Wechsler designed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) in order to produce a:
A) culture-free IQ score and a general knowledge IQ score.
B) componential IQ score, an experiential IQ score, and a contextual IQ score.
C) tacit knowledge IQ score and an emotional intelligence IQ score.
D) general IQ score, a verbal IQ score, and a performance IQ score.
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Chapter 10: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) In thinking about real-life problems, a person must be able to use dialectical reasoning, as explained in Chapter 9 (Thinking and Intelligence). Use dialectical reasoning to consider the controversial topic of eyewitness testimony presented in Chapter 9 (Memory?). Should the testimony of preschoolers be trusted in situations involving child abuse?
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic memory processes?
A) conceptualize
B) encode
C) retrieve
D) store
Q3) According to the ________ theory of forgetting, one's original perception can be erased by new and misleading information.
A) replacement
B) cue-dependent
C) interference
D) decay
Q4) The medulla is involved in the formation of declarative long-term memories.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Why is short-term memory sometimes called a "leaky bucket"?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Emotion, Stress, and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following does NOT result from HPA activation?
A) The hypothalamus sends chemical messages to the pituitary gland.
B) The pituitary gland sends messages to the adrenal cortex.
C) Levels of cortisol are decreased.
D) A person experiences increased energy.
Q2) In addition to confession, another important way of letting go of negative emotions is:
A) ignoring the emotions.
B) revenge.
C) forgiveness.
D) absolution.
Q3) It appears as though the Stoic philosophers were correct in saying that:
A) emotions are innate.
B) what happens to you determines how you feel about what happens to you.
C) how you feel about what happens to you depends on how you explain what happens to you.
D) emotions are universally produced and recognized.
Q4) Epinephrine and other hormones provide the energy of an emotion.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Motivation
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Q1) According to set point theory, biological mechanisms try to keep a person's weight within 2 kg of a target weight.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Performance goals are framed in terms of showing others how good you are.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following statements is NOT supported by research?
A) Male-male rape is usually intended to humiliate the victim.
B) Peer approval motivates many college-age men to rape.
C) Eighty percent of all rape victims are assaulted by strangers.
D) Sexually aggressive males are usually insecure and defensive.
Q4) Evolution seems to have predisposed the human body to store calories when food is abundant in order to aid survival when food is scarce.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Work motivation is strongly related to the amount of money one makes.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Development Over the Life Span
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Sample Questions
Q1) a mental network of knowledge, beliefs, metaphors, and expectations about what it means to be male or female
A)gender
B)gender identity
C)gender schema
D)sex
E)gender typing
Q2) Differences in normal child-rearing practices do not affect a child's attachment style.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Infants begin to name objects at about:
A) 6 months.
B) 10 months.
C) 8 months.
D) 12 months.
Q4) The authors point out that Jean Piaget was to child development what B. F. Skinner was to behaviourism. Explain the ways in which Piaget became a "towering figure" in psychology through his keen observations of children and his brilliant ideas.
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Chapter 14: Theories of Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Briefly describe the ways that your adult personality has been shaped according to Sigmund Freud's theory.
Q2) According to Freud, personality develops through a series of psychosexual stages. The last stage is called the:
A) genital stage.
B) latency stage.
C) anal stage.
D) phallic stage.
Q3) During a job interview, Dr. Klenow informs the search committee that she is a psychodynamic theorist. Given this information, the committee realizes that Dr. Klenow emphasizes the fact that:
A) the primacy of the first five years is evident in adult personality.
B) personality development is smooth and continuous.
C) psychologists need to rely on objective rather than subjective methods.
D) humans are rational decision makers.
Q4) In collectivist cultures, more weight is given to group norms than to individual attitudes as explanations of behaviour.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Q1) A line of investigation in the study of mood disorders emphasizes the life experiences and social circumstances that might lead to stress and depression. How do these researchers explain the gender differences in depression?
Q2) These disorders are characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and severe disturbances in thinking and emotion.
A)impulse control disorders
B)dissociative disorders
C)somatoform disorders
D)personality disorders
E)schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
Q3) Donnie has a very intense relationship with his girlfriend, but he alternates between idealizing her and devaluing her. He frantically tries to avoid her "abandonment" of him when she goes on a two-week vacation with her parents. DSM-IV would describe Donnie's disorder as a:
A) borderline personality disorder.
B) narcissistic personality disorder.
C) bipolar disorder.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.
Q4) What physical changes accompany major depression?
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Chapter 16: Approaches to Treatment and Therapy
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Q1) ________ is/are usually all that is necessary in effectively treating phobias such as fear of dogs or of public speaking.
A) Cognitive therapy
B) Exposure techniques
C) Family intervention therapy
D) Systematic desensitization
Q2) The most widespread biological treatment is electroconvulsive therapy.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When a patient comes in complaining of a headache, the therapist views the headache as the tip of a mental iceberg. Which type of therapy would this represent?
A) psychoanalytic
B) cognitive
C) behavioural
D) existential
Q4) Behavioural self-monitoring and skills training are techniques used in behaviour therapy.
A)True
B)False
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