Principles of Psychology
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Principles of Psychology introduces students to the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. The course explores foundational concepts, including perception, learning, memory, development, emotion, motivation, personality, and psychological disorders. Students will examine major theories, research methods, and applications of psychology across diverse areas. Emphasis is placed on understanding how biological, cognitive, and social factors interact to shape individual and group behavior, providing a broad overview of the field's core issues and contemporary debates.
Recommended Textbook
Psychological Science 4th Edition by Michael Gazzaniga
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15 Chapters
2828 Verified Questions
2828 Flashcards
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2
Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology
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133 Verified Questions
133 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20126
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following changes did John Stuart Mill advocate for the field of psychology?
A) to move from the study of the mind to the study of the body
B) to move from the study of the body to the study of the mind
C) to move from speculation to observation and experimentation
D) to move from experimentation and observation to speculation
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following statements best captures historical trends in the cognitive approach in psychology?
A) In the 1970s, cognitive psychology emphasized the mind; today, it focuses mostly on behavior.
B) In the 1970s, cognitive psychology emphasized the mind; today, it focuses mainly on the brain.
C) In the 1970s, cognitive psychology emphasized the brain; today, it focuses on the mind along with the brain.
D) In the 1970s, cognitive psychology emphasized the mind; today, it focuses on both the mind and the brain.
Answer: D
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3
Chapter 2: Research Methodology
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Investigators who are interested in gaining a lot of information about group attitudes quickly are likely to use what kind of research approach?
A) case study
B) psychophysical assessment
C) participant observation
D) self-report
Answer: D
Q2) Transcranial magnetic stimulation investigates the activity of a given region of the brain through the:
A) monitoring of overall brain functioning and recording of increases in magnetic activity in the region of interest
B) interruption of functioning of the brain in the region of interest by sending a magnetic pulse to that region
C) recording of changing levels of oxygen flow in the area of interest in the brain
D) monitoring of glucose use in the area of interest in the brain
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Biology and Behavior
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214 Verified Questions
214 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In studies of monozygotic twins separated at birth and adopted into different environments,there are:
A) no similarities
B) only physical similarities
C) only broad personality trait similarities
D) sometimes a surprising number of similarities with regard to idiosyncratic behaviors
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a part of a neuron?
A) dendrite
B) cell body
C) terminal button
D) interneuron
Answer: D
Q3) Propagation of the action potential occurs:
A) along the axon at the nodes of Ranvier
B) along the dendrites at the nodes of Ranvier
C) between neurons at the synapse
D) on the cell body
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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179 Verified Questions
179 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Encharta is sitting outside,looking at her beautiful garden.As the sun goes down,the colors become less bright and finally all become shades of gray.This change happens because the:
A) amount of photopigment is decreasing
B) amount of photopigment is increasing
C) cones are taking over for the rods
D) rods are taking over for the cones
Q2) Aditi is looking out the passenger-side window of a moving car.She is staring intently at a scarecrow in the middle of a large cornfield.The rows of corn between Aditi and the scarecrow seem to be moving in the _____.The rows of corn beyond the scarecrow seem to be moving in the _____.
A) opposite direction from Aditi; same direction as Aditi
B) same direction as Aditi; opposite direction from Aditi
C) opposite direction from Aditi; opposite direction from Aditi
D) same direction as Aditi; same direction as Aditi
Q3) People stop responding to unchanging stimuli because:
A) unchanging stimuli convey little information
B) such stimuli can no longer be detected
C) the stimuli exceed people's attentional capacity
D) people's resources are needed elsewhere
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Chapter 5: Consciousness
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152 Verified Questions
152 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What do contemporary psychologists generally believe with respect to the relationship between the mind and the brain? How does the modern view relate to Descartes' position?
A) Contemporary psychologists believe that consciousness exists in the brain. This view contrasts with Descartes' dualism.
B) Contemporary psychologists believe that consciousness exists in the brain. This view accords with Descartes' dualism.
C) Contemporary psychologists believe that consciousness is separate from the brain. This view contrasts with Descartes' dualism.
D) Contemporary psychologists do not believe that consciousness exists. This view contrasts with Descartes' dualism.
Q2) Why is REM sleep called paradoxical sleep?
A) The person is not really asleep.
B) The person's body is asleep, but the person's brain is active.
C) The person has no awareness of being asleep.
D) None of the above is correct.
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Chapter 6: Learning
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177 Verified Questions
177 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to your text,what characteristics must a punishment have to be effective?
A) unexpected, unpleasant, immediate
B) unexpected, painful, continuous
C) reasonable, pleasant, immediate
D) reasonable, unpleasant, immediate
Q2) You want your dog to learn to lie down when you are about to give him a treat.If you first reinforce his behavior when he sits,then when he sits and stays,then when he lies down,you are using the technique called:
A) shaping
B) the operant chamber
C) the Premack principle
D) negative reinforcement
Q3) Which of the following could be classified as a reinforcer?
A) getting a cookie after washing the dishes
B) cowering when the teacher places her fingernails on the blackboard
C) not walking under ladders
D) having a sunny day for your wedding
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Chapter 7: Attention and Memory
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194 Verified Questions
194 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The brain is selective about the information that gets stored in long-term memory.This selectivity may be evolutionarily advantageous because:
A) only a limited amount of space is available in long-term memory
B) information that aids in reproduction and survival is emphasized
C) increased selectivity is associated with greater intelligence
D) selectivity improves the organization of information in long-term memory
Q2) Patient H.M.suffered from seizures and had part of his medial temporal lobes removed.As a result,he could no longer:
A) remember his past
B) form new implicit memories
C) form new explicit memories
D) remember anything at all
Q3) If someone asks you who is running for president,you will answer from your _____ memory.If someone asks who you plan to vote for,you will answer from your _____ memory.
A) episodic; semantic
B) semantic; episodic
C) procedural; explicit
D) explicit; procedural
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Thinking and Intelligence
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213 Verified Questions
213 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The idea that one intelligence factor is involved in all intellectual tasks is known as
A) general intelligence
B) single intelligence
C) crystallized intelligence
D) fluid intelligence
Q2) Jameisia has always loved numbers.When she starts first grade,she grasps basic math immediately.Her teacher is so impressed that she gives Jameisia increasingly complicated work in math.Jameisia goes on to become a superb math student all the way through school.What is the most reasonable conclusion about the source of Jameisia's success in math?
A) Her genetically determined ability made the environment irrelevant.
B) The environment acted as a social multiplier for her innate ability.
C) The environment allowed her innate abilities to become apparent.
D) Her genetically determined ability found a compatible environment.
Q3) Which intelligence test involves measuring verbal skills and performance skills?
A) Miller Analogy
B) Binet
C) Stanford-Binet
D) Wechsler
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Human Development
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203 Verified Questions
203 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One aspect of memory that distinguishes children younger than 3 from children over 5 is that:
A) older children do not confabulate
B) younger children have greater source amnesia
C) older children are more likely to experience what Freud called infantile amnesia
D) older children have greater source amnesia
Q2) According to Bowlby's theory of attachment:
A) infants have a set of innate behaviors that cause adults to attend to them
B) infants must learn how to elicit attention from adults
C) social attachment is largely an outcome of how adults respond to infants
D) social attachment is largely an outcome of how infants respond to adults
Q3) Separation anxiety appears in infants:
A) at various times, depending upon the cultures the infants are in
B) at 8 to 12 months of age
C) primarily if they have been deprived of caregiver comfort
D) at about the same time they reach the formal operational stage of development
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Chapter 10: Emotion and Motivation
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191 Verified Questions
191 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Comparisons of sexual motivation in men and women have found that:
A) men and women have roughly equal sexual motivation
B) women have equal sexual motivation, but are more culturally constrained
C) men have a higher level of sexual motivation
D) differences between men and women are culture specific
Q2) Emotions tend to _____ thought and behavior; moods tend to _____ thought and behavior.
A) influence; interrupt
B) interrupt; influence
C) respond to; produce
D) produce; respond to
Q3) Jeremiah is very attracted to Annie,but he cannot even get her attention.All Annie can think about is her old boyfriend,and she thinks about him all of the time.This situation exemplifies one of the major problems with _____; it _____.
A) thought suppression; intensifies the feeling of loss
B) thought suppression; impedes focusing on solutions
C) rumination; impedes focusing on solutions
D) rumination; intensifies the feeling of loss
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Chapter 11: Health and Well-Being
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182 Verified Questions
182 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Murid's grandfather is dying of cancer._____ coping will be most effective in reducing Murid's stress around this event.
A) Problem-focused
B) Conciliatory
C) Autonomous
D) Emotion-focused
Q2) Your roommate is hostile,very competitive,and pessimistic.On the basis of recent research,which of the following health problems is your roommate most likely to experience later?
A) cardiovascular disease
B) immune system failures
C) chronic infections
D) cancer
Q3) If Amy is committed to her life tasks,feels challenged by barriers,and feels in control of her fate,she would be described as:
A) Type A
B) Type B
C) hardy
D) an externalizer
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Social Psychology
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174 Verified Questions
174 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Aggression may be influenced by:
A) culture
B) the amygdala
C) serotonin
D) all of the above
Q2) Sometimes after a big football game fans will riot,getting into fights and destroying property.People in such a crowd will often do things that they would never do on their own.This effect is due primarily to a process of:
A) social facilitation
B) social loafing
C) deindividuation
D) groupthink
Q3) In light of Asch's work on conformity,you could predict that obedience in the Milgram study would have decreased greatly under which of the following conditions?
A) The learner is more similar to the teacher.
B) A confederate helps administer the shocks.
C) A confederate refuses to administer the shocks.
D) The experimenter criticizes the learner.
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14
Chapter 13: Personality
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209 Verified Questions
209 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to research on physiological arousal and personality,which brain structure has been associated with inhibiting behavior?
A) cerebellum
B) amygdala
C) temporal lobes
D) hippocampus
Q2) During the phallic stage,children develop hostility toward the same-sex parent because they desire an exclusive relationship with the opposite-sex parent.Freud argued that this conflict is typically resolved by the:
A) child's taking on many of the same-sex parent's values and ideals
B) child's rationalizing the hostility in terms of the characteristics of the same-sex parent
C) id, which attempts to rein in the sexual urges
D) time the child is 4 years old
Q3) Who is most likely to adopt a nomothetic approach to the study of personality?
A) a psychodynamic theorist
B) a trait theorist
C) a humanistic theorist
D) a narrative therapist
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15
Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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209 Verified Questions
209 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A man leaves his apartment to go to the library,and he turns back several times to make sure the door is locked.Frequently,he cleans the apartment even when it is not dirty.The man is likely suffering from:
A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) agoraphobia
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) panic disorder
Q2) Fear of specific objects or situations is found in which type of anxiety disorder?
A) panic
B) agoraphobia
C) posttraumatic stress
D) phobia
Q3) Borderline personality disorder is listed under the _____ cluster.
A) odd
B) anxious
C) dramatic
D) all of the above
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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238 Verified Questions
238 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Anxiety hierarchies are useful in _____ therapy.
A) systematic desensitization
B) pharmacological
C) client-centered
D) humanistic
Q2) All forms of psychotherapies depend on the:
A) therapist/client relationship
B) age of the client
C) therapist's training and expertise
D) clinical setting
Q3) According to your textbook,the prognosis for an autistic child is:
A) poor because problematic behaviors and deficits persist into adulthood
B) poor if treated with behavioral modification
C) excellent if biological treatments are used
D) good if the disease appears later in life
Q4) MAO-inhibitors for the treatment of depression:
A) have been found to be ineffective
B) are the treatment of choice
C) are used less frequently because of their side effects
D) are typically used in combination with other antidepressants
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