Principles of Psychology
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Principles of Psychology offers a comprehensive introduction to the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. The course explores foundational topics such as biological bases of behavior, sensation and perception, learning, memory, development, motivation, emotion, personality, and psychological disorders. Students will examine various psychological theories, research methods, and real-world applications, gaining an understanding of how psychological principles influence individual and group behavior. This course provides a solid base for further study in the field and encourages critical thinking about how psychological concepts apply to everyday life.
Recommended Textbook
The World of Psychology 7th Canadian Edition by by Samuel
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14 Chapters
3875 Verified Questions
3875 Flashcards
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Page 2
E. Wood
Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology
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243 Verified Questions
243 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who is generally thought of as the founder of psychology and what was contribution to psychology?
Answer: The founder of psychology was Wilhelm Wundt. His psychological laboratory in Germany, in 1879, is considered the birthplace of psychology as a formal academic discipline. The student should mention Wundt's attempt to reduce mental process to their basic elements through an attempt to observe the human mind in process; reaction time, perceptions, etc.
Q2) Understanding the conditions under which a given behaviour occurs enables researchers to state the causes of the behaviour. This is a requirement of the goal of A) influence.
B) description.
C) prediction.
D) explanation
Answer: D
Q3) What is a representative sample, and why is it essential in a survey?
Answer: A representative sample is one that includes important subgroups in the same proportion as they are found in the larger population. A representative sample should reflect the economic, ethnic, cultural, sexual diversity, etc. of the target population.
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Chapter 2: Biology and Behaviour
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following techniques produces the clearest image of the brain?
A) CT scan
B) MRI
C) EEG
D) PET scan
Answer: B
Q2) The association areas are areas in the cerebral cortex
A) that control bodily processes vital to our survival.
B) that house our memories and arevolved thought, perception and language
C) that control voluntary movement.
D) where vision, hearing, touch, pressure and temperature register the brain.
Answer: B
Q3) The autonomic nervous system is ________ , where as the somatic nervous system is largely ________.
A) conscious; unconscious
B) voluntary;voluntary
C) related to the spine; related to the cortex
D) involuntary; voluntary
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
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303 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The process of becoming less sensitive to a stimulus that remains constant over time is known as
A) sensory detection.
B) signal detection.
C) sensory adaptation
D) signal adaptation.
Answer: C
Q2) The greater the ________ of sound waves, the louder the sound.
A) amplitude
B) length
C) frequency
D) mixture
Answer: A
Q3) What are the five primary taste sensations, and how where are they located.?
Answer: The sense of taste produces four distinct kinds of sensations-sweet, sour, salty and bitter. There is also a fifth taste called umami that responds to the chemical glutamate. All five taste receptors are located on all locations of the tongue, and also are found in the palate, in the mucous lining of the cheeks and lips, and in parts of the throat, including the tonsils.
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Page 5
Chapter 4: States of Conciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are considered to be part of infradian rhythms except A) heartbeats.
B) alertness.
C) hunger.
D) menstruation
Q2) Ecstasy (MDMA) is a cross between a hallucinogen and a narcotic.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Compared to the sleep cycles later in the night, the first two sleep cycles are characterized by more A) dreaming.
B) REM sleep.
C) slow-wave sleep
D) Stage 2 sleep.
Q4) Which statement is true of sleep cycles in normal sleep?
A) Each consists of REM sleep followed by four stages of NREM sleep.
B) Each consists of one or more stages of NREM sleep.
C) Each consists of one or more stages of NREM sleep followed by REM sleep
D) Each consists of four stages of NREM sleep followed by REM sleep.
Q5) Compare and contrast short with long sleepers.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Learning
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279 Verified Questions
279 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of an unconditioned reflex?
A) Joseph smiling after receiving a high grade on an exam
B) Damien cheering his favourite team the final play-off game
C) Amanda saying "Thank you" to a helpful salesclerk a store
D) Bob pulling his hand back after touching a hot stove burner
Q2) People who are paid every week on Friday afternoon are on a
A) variable-ratio schedule.
B) fixed-interval schedule
C) variable-interval schedule.
D) fixed-ratio schedule.
Q3) According to the principles of operant conditioning, refusing to give the child who is having a tantrum what he is asking for, will
A) cause problems between the parents.
B) extinguish the behaviour
C) only provoke further negative behaviour.
D) severely traumatize the child.
Q4) Classical conditioning rarely occurs if the conditioned stimulus follows the unconditioned stimulus.
A)True
B)False
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Memory
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262 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Information entered into short-term memory fades quickly unless it is A) unassociated with past memories.
B) passively retained.
C) actively rehearsed
D) left alone.
Q2) The decay theory may be a cause of forgetting for
A) sensory and short-term memory
B) short-term memory.
C) long-term memory.
D) sensory memory.
Q3) If you are trying to remember details about an event that happened in your kitchen, it would be most helpful to
A) return to the kitchen so the context helps you to recall
B) leave the kitchen so that current cues do notterfere with recalling the event.
C) think about something else for a while.
D) picture yourself the kitchen as you try to recall the event.
Q4) What is sensory memory?
Q5) Compare and contrast retroactive with proactive interference with regard to memory.
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Chapter 7: Cognition, Language, and Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) "Bababa" is an example of A) cooing.
B) babbling
C) overregularization.
D) a holophrase.
Q2) The view suggesting that the language a person speaks determines the nature of that person's thoughts is known as
A) the cognitive theory of language.
B) the linguistic relativity hypothesis
C) the neural network theory.
D) the language hypothesis.
Q3) The fact that we fail to see a new or novel function of an object we have used previously is called
A) positive test strategy.
B) conformational bias.
C) means-ends fixity.
D) functional fixedness
Q4) What is the deviation score?
Q5) What two criteria must one meet to be classified as mentally retarded?
Q6) How did Gardner and Sternberg change our understanding of intelligence?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Development
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303 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Eighty-year-old Celia feels her life has been meaningless. She has accomplished little and has many regrets. According to Erikson, she is experiencing A) doubt.
B) stagnation.
C) isolation.
D) despair
Q2) Consumption of alcoholic beverages during pregnancy increases the chances of all of the following except having a baby that is A) lowertelligence.
B) smaller than usual.
C) born with cerebral palsy
D) born with facial, organ or limb abnormalities.
Q3) Which of the following is not a cognitive limitation of a child's thinking during the preoperational stage?
A) Egocentrism
B) Lack of object permanence
C) Lack of both conservation and reversibility
D) Centration
Q4) What are the perceptual abilities of the newborn?
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Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion
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241 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotions, the thalamus simultaneously sends information to the cerebral cortex for processing and to the internal organs for response.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which types of food can stimulate the human appetite?
A) Tart and low fat
B) Sweet and sour
C) Sweet and high fat
D) Spicy and creamy
Q3) Why are emotions considered a form of communication?
Q4) How does Sternberg's triangular theory of love account for the different kinds of love?
Q5) When the brain receives the message that blood levels of glucose are low, then
A) the person feels satiated.
B) the person no longer feels thirsty.
C) hunger is stimulated
D) thirst is stimulated.
Q6) Explain the facial-feedback hypothesis.
Q7) What are the three components of emotions?
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Chapter 10: Social Psychology
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269 Verified Questions
269 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the following factors, which is generally not important in determining whether someone will conform?
A) The sex of the persons beingfluenced
B) The number offluencing persons who endorse a particular view
C) The status of the persons beingfluenced
D) Whether there is another dissenting opinion
Q2) According to Berkowitz, people may become aggressive when they are
A) in pain
B) confronted by hostile people.
C) given high levels of testosterone.
D) uncertain of what to do any given situation.
Q3) High levels of testosterone have been associated with high levels of certain types of aggression.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Us-versus-them thinking is least likely to lead to which of the following?
A) Discrimination
B) Co-operation between groups
C) Hostility
D) Prejudice
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Personality Theory and Assessment
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314 Verified Questions
314 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Allport's theory, a cardinal trait may A) serve to give us direction life occasionally.
B) if not suppressed by our central trait, take an important role determining who we are. C) come to be what we are identified with, or known for D) act as a guide for our moral conduct.
Q2) According to Freud, repression operates in all of the following ways except A) removing painful memories from consciousness and keeping them the unconscious. B) preventing disturbing aggressive impulses the unconscious from entering consciousness.
C) preventing disturbing sexual impulses the unconscious from entering consciousness. D) rechannelling sexual or aggressive energyto pursuits and accomplishments that society considers praiseworthy
Q3) In contrast to Freud, Adler emphasized the unity of the personality. A)True B)False
Q4) What are some of the defence mechanisms? Describe the working of two. Give examples.
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13
Chapter 12: Health and Stress
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is most likely to be associated with eustress?
A) Taking a vacation
B) A challenge at work
C) Impending danger from a natural disaster
D) The loss of a loved one
Q2) Victims of catastrophic trauma often feel compelled to tell their story again and again.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Studies with twins reveal that alcoholism
A) is more likely to occur a pair of fraternal than identical twins.
B) has a substantial geneticfluence for male twins, especially if the first symptoms appeared before they turned 20
C) has a significantly higher genetic potential for men then women.
D) has little to do with heredity for men but was significantlyfluential for women.
Q4) What are the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder?
Q5) Depression facilitates an increase in immune system activity.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Psychology Disorders
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282 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A gender identity disorder involves
A) only minor alterations to one's lifestyle.
B) difficulties accepting one's identity as male or female
C) a paraphilia.
D) only men who have difficulty with the object of their sexual desire.
Q2) What do agoraphobia, social phobia, and specific phobia have in common and how are they different?
Q3) Graham consults with a patient who is complaining of hearing voices and having strange thoughts. He asks the patient to undergo a series of tests, including a brain scan and a complete blood test. The perspective that Graham has on abnormal behaviour is most likely the
A) learning perspective.
B) cognitive perspective.
C) psychodynamic perspective.
D) biological perspective
Q4) A fear of a situation in which one must perform before a group would be described as a social phobia.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the symptoms of panic disorder?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Behavioural therapies are helpful for all of the following except A) panic disorder.
B) major depression
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) agoraphobia.
Q2) cognitive therapies assume that maladaptive behaviour can result from irratio-nal thoughts, beliefs, and ideas, which the therapist tries to change.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Ben has a therapist who seems caring and accepting of everything about him. The therapist displays the quality of A) genuineness.
B) unconditional positive regard C) empathy.
D) sympathy.
Q4) In the psychosurgery technique known as a lobotomy, the pre-frontal lobes are removed from the brain.
A)True
B)False
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