Principles of Psychology Exam Review
Course Introduction
Principles of Psychology is an introductory course that explores the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. The course covers fundamental topics such as perception, learning, memory, motivation, development, personality, psychological disorders, and social interactions. Students will gain an understanding of the major theoretical perspectives, research methods, and real-world applications of psychology. Emphasis is placed on critical thinking, the evaluation of psychological research, and the relevance of psychological principles to everyday life.
Recommended Textbook
PSYCH 3rd Edition by Spencer A. Rathus
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14 Chapters
3208 Verified Questions
3208 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: What Is Psychology
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222 Verified Questions
222 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Contributions to psychology by women researchers include research on all of the following topics <b>EXCEPT</b>
A)parent-child attachment.
B)inaccuracies of memory.
C)primacy and recency effects.
D)introspection in research.
Answer: D
Q2) B. F. Skinner studied learning in lower animals by using A)reinforcement.
B)insight.
C)introspection.
D)trial and error.
Answer: A
Q3) The only research method that can determine whether a cause-effect relationship exists between two factors is called a(n) __________.
Answer: experiment
Q4) The psychological approach that emphasizes __________ processes is called psychoanalysis.
Answer: unconscious
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Chapter 2: Biology and Psychology
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257 Verified Questions
257 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sensory and motor messages that allow you to pick up your pen are transmitted by the
A)afferent and efferent nerves.
B)peripheral nervous system.
C)autonomic nervous system.
D)both a and b
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following neurotransmitters is believed to be involved in reducing anxiety reactions?
A)dopamine
B)serotonin
C)GABA
D)norepinephrine
Answer: C
Q3) A(n) _________ is a nerve cell.
A)axon
B)neuron
C)dendrite
D)glial cell
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
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230 Verified Questions
230 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The perceived movement of a deer running through the woods is
A)termed the autokinetic effect.
B)mainly based on stroboscopic motion of the deer glimpsed through the trees.
C)mainly based on the deer's change of position relative to the trees.
D)termed phi phenomenon.
Answer: C
Q2) At the movies, it appears to you that the actors and objects on the screen are actually moving. This experience is based on
A)stroboscopic motion.
B)motion parallax.
C)the Müeller-Lyer illusion.
D)the autokinetic effect.
Answer: A
Q3) Visible light is
A)electromagnetic energy.
B)chemical energy.
C)biochemical energy.
D)pressure/vacuum energy.
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Consciousness
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208 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these is <b>NOT</b> a symptom of withdrawal from nicotine?
A)insomnia.
B)cramps.
C)hallucinations.
D)headaches.
Q2) The professor just said that everyone in the class is to focus on their home environment. When they think of home, that is an example of a thought being brought out of the
A)unconscious.
B)subconscious.
C)preconscious.
D)nonconsciousness.
Q3) As John drifts off to sleep, he sometimes experiences images of his old dog Freckles running around the yard. What is this an example of?
A)hypnagogic state
B)hypnotic state
C)hallucination
D)delusion
Q4) Marijuana, LSD, and mescaline are classified as ___________ drugs.
Q5) The fifth stage of sleep is called _____________ sleep.
6
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Chapter 5: Learning
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225 Verified Questions
225 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a study of taste aversion, rats were conditioned with sweetened water, light, and a clicker. What did the results show?
A)Nauseated rats were more likely to acquire an appropriate taste aversion to the sweetened water.
B)Shocked rats were more likely to develop an appropriate aversion to light.
C)For each group of rats, learning was adaptive.
D)All of these.
Q2) A teacher announces that there will be pop quizzes throughout the semester. What is this an example of?
A)a variable ratio schedule
B)a fixed ratio schedule
C)a fixed interval schedule
D)a variable interval schedule
Q3) Individuals who buy lottery tickets on a regular basis are usually on a __________ schedule of reinforcement.
A)variable-ratio
B)variable-interval
C)fixed-interval
D)fixed-ratio
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Memory: Remembrance of Things Past--And Future
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210 Verified Questions
210 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to your textbook, which one of these statements is the most accurate regarding eyewitness testimonies?
A)They are not accurate and should therefore be disallowed.
B)Though highly variable and easily influenced, they are often reliable.
C)The reports are reliable only if the witness is very certain.
D)Children are more likely than adults to give accurate testimony.
Q2) Jason, straining his eyes on the deck of a ship, is trying to memorize distant landmarks to the harbor entrance. He is most likely using a(n)
A)acoustic code.
B)semantic code.
C)visual code.
D)metamemory.
Q3) Memory is the processes by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.
A)True
B)False
Q4) You can retrieve information better when you are feeling similar to when the information was originally encoded. This is called _________________ memory.
Q5) The two types of interference are __________ and _________ interference.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
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271 Verified Questions
271 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If Country A bases its current policy toward Country B on Country B's past behavior, Country A is using
A)common sense.
B)an algorithm.
C)a subgoal analysis.
D)an analogy.
Q2) Professor Jones is highly skilled in teaching mathematics and science, but he seems to lack common sense. According to Sternberg's model of intelligence, Professor Jones lacks __________ intelligence.
A)analytical
B)practical
C)creative
D)logical
Q3) Overall, most studies suggest that the heritability of intelligence is
A)about 10%.
B)between 15% and 25%.
C)between 40% and 60%.
D)virtually 100%.
Q4) We tend to organize concepts into ___________.
Q5) Peter Salovey and John Mayer developed the theory of _______ _______.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Motivation and Emotion
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205 Verified Questions
205 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sex drive in males is to _____________ as sex drive in women is to
A)testosterone, testosterone
B)estrogen, estrogen
C)progesterone, testosterone
D)testosterone, estrogen
Q2) Kimberly is on the Honor Roll at her HS and has perfectionist tendencies. As a child, she was abused by her very controlling parents. According to your text, what is Kimberly at risk of developing?
A)a drug addiction
B)an eating disorder
C)depression
D)teenage rebellion
Q3) A need for approval may cause an individual to
A)withdraw from others.
B)fear rejection.
C)seek to please others.
D)go without food.
Q4) Drive-reduction theory proposes two types of needs. They are _______ and
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Chapter 9: The Voyage Through the Life Span
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245 Verified Questions
245 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A female adolescent is showing signs of secondary sex characteristic development. The endocrine system is most likely secreting A)estrogen.
B)androgens.
C)serotonin.
D)both a and b.
Q2) Authoritative parents are both strict and A)easygoing with their children. B)rejecting.
C)poor communicators.
D)respectful toward their children.
Q3) Harlow found that monkeys spent more time with a terry cloth surrogate mother than a wire surrogate mother with food. A)True B)False
Q4) The infant's ability to move around in the environment involves the development of _____ skills.
Q5) Erik Erikson characterized young adulthood as the stage of intimacy versus _____.
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Chapter 10: Personality: Theory and Measurement
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236 Verified Questions
236 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Rorschach is __________ test.
A)a projective
B)an acculturated
C)an occluded
D)an objective
Q2) Carla has been called "sadistic." This is a(n) __________ trait.
A)oral
B)phallic
C)anal-retentive
D)anal-expulsive
Q3) Which best illustrates the concept of a defense mechanism?
A)Stacey learns karate.
B)Diane forgot to bring her textbook to class.
C)Laurie cannot remember being raped.
D)Michael always uses his car alarm.
Q4) Erikson is credited with developing psychosexual stages of development.
A)True
B)False
Q5) An example of an objective personality test used to diagnose psychological disorders is the _____.
12
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Chapter 11: Stress, Health, and Coping
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196 Verified Questions
196 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What does the hypothalamus release in response to stress?
A)corticosteroids
B)corticotrophin-releasing hormone
C)adrenaline
D)cortisol
Q2) _____ lightens the burdens of life and helps people cope with stress.
Q3) Rita is concerned about her job security and her ability to make her mortgage payments. What can these concerns lead to?
A)indebtedness
B)physical illness
C)eustress
D)Type A behavior
Q4) Approach-avoidance conflict is the least stressful type of conflict.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following does <b>NOT</b> act to moderate the effects of stress?
A)psychological hardiness
B)a sense of humor
C)social support
D)genetic predispositions
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Chapter 12: Psychological Disorders
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226 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The central feature of a generalized anxiety disorder is that the anxiety is
A)attached to a specific object or event.
B)persistent.
C)characterized by intermittent attacks.
D)based on childhood trauma.
Q2) The _____ is the most widely used classification system for psychological disorders.
Q3) __________ is described as the most debilitating psychological disorder.
A)Major depression
B)Schizophrenia
C)Bipolar disorder
D)Panic disorder
Q4) Brandon sits in the same position for hours. When the staff try to move him, he stays in the position they have left him in for hours. He rarely speaks. Brandon is most likely exhibiting __________ schizophrenia.
A)paranoid
B)catatonic
C)disorganized
D)delusional
Q5) Fear of being out in open, busy areas is called _____.
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Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy
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230 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Freud believed that the emotional release of tension after a traumatic experience could help restore one's psychological well-being.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A(n) __________ ranks stimuli according to their capacity to elicit a fear or anxiety response. It is part of the behavioral procedure called systematic desensitization.
A)relaxation response
B)sensitization procedure
C)hierarchy
D)anxiety scale
Q3) Unconditional positive regard, empathy, and genuineness are important qualities for a __________ therapist.
A)psychoanalytic
B)behavioral
C)cognitive
D)client-centered
Q4) _____ _____ groups are less likely to seek therapy than European Americans.
Q5) _____ _____ is an aversive-conditioning method designed to help smokers quit.
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Chapter 14: Social Psychology
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247 Flashcards
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Sample
Questions
Q1) When members of a group share similar attitudes, these attitudes can become intensified and decisions are more likely to involve
A)no-risk.
B)risk.
C)splits among members.
D)none of these.
Q2) You observe two strangers in a heated argument that results in a physical fight. As an American, you will most likely assume
A)one has treated the other unfairly.
B)one probably took something and the other is merely trying to get it back.
C)they are very aggressive individuals.
D)that any of the above are just as likely.
Q3) When a famous movie star endorses a cosmetic, advertisers are using a __________ to persuade customers to buy their product.
A)central route
B)status route
C)peripheral route
D)prestige route
Q4) To convince people of various health risks, a _____ appeal is often used.
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