Principles of Physiology
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Principles of Physiology explores the fundamental mechanisms by which the human body functions, focusing on the regulation and integration of organ systems. The course provides a detailed examination of cellular processes, membrane transport, neural and hormonal control, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal, and muscular systems. Emphasis is placed on homeostasis, feedback systems, and the physiological basis of health and disease, equipping students with a solid understanding of how various physiological processes interact to sustain life.
Recommended Textbook
Human Physiology 11th Edition by Stuart Fox
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
20 Chapters
2345 Verified Questions
2345 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/2917
Chapter 1: The Study of Body Function
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58093
Sample Questions
Q1) ____________ trials maximize the number of test participants and include human participants of both sexes, different ethnic groups, and those who have health problems besides the one that the drug is designed to treat.
A)Phase I clinical
B)Phase II clinical
C)Phase III clinical
D)Phase IV clinical
Answer: C
Q2) Cells providing support for nervous tissue are termed A)neurons.
B)chondrocytes.
C)neuroglial cells.
D)osteocytes.
Answer: C
Q3) The entire epidermis is replaced every
A)2-3 days.
B)2 weeks.
C)2-3 hours.
D)2 months.
Answer: B
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 3
Chapter 2: Chemical Composition of the Body
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
103 Verified Questions
103 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58082
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of RNA?
A)dRNA
B)tRNA
C)rRNA
D)mRNA
Answer: A
Q2) What holds a protein in its tertiary structure?
A)hydrogen bonds between nearby amino acids
B)weak chemical bonds between widely spaced amino acids
C)disulfide bonds between sulfur groups on cysteines
D)Both weak chemical bonds between widely spaced amino acids and disulfide bonds between sulfur groups on cysteines are correct.
Answer: D
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a component of DNA?
A)phosphate
B)deoxyribose sugar
C)guanine
D)uracil
Answer: D
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 4
Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Genetic Control
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58080
Sample Questions
Q1) The flexibility of a cell's membrane is determined by the ratio of _____________ to
A)protein, carbohydrate
B)cholesterol, protein
C)phospholipids, protein
D)cholesterol, phospholipids
Answer: D
Q2) Pinocytosis is a type of exocytosis.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Chromatin is comprised of _____________ and ____________.
A)phospholipids, DNA
B)DNA, protein
C)RNA, protein
D)DNA, RNA
Answer: B
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 5
Chapter 4: Enzymes and Energy
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
97 Verified Questions
97 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58079
Sample Questions
Q1) Enzymes ______________ the rate of a specific chemical reaction.
A)decrease
B)increase
C)have no effect on
Q2) A reducing agent donates electrons to a molecule.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following does NOT affect the activity of an enzyme?
A)the organ the enzyme is in
B)concentration of enzyme and substrate molecules
C)concentration of cofactors and coenzymes
D)pH and temperature
Q4) Abnormally high concentration of the BB form of creatine phosphokinase is associated with a myocardial infarction.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Catalysts increase reaction rates by lowering the activation energy of a reaction.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 6
Chapter 5: Cell Respiration and Metabolism
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
103 Verified Questions
103 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58078
Sample Questions
Q1) Phosphorylation of glucose "traps" the glucose within a cell.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is the inadequate supply of blood to an organ called?
A)infarction
B)ischemic
C)necrosis
D)cramping
Q3) Fatty acids are NOT an energy source for
A)the brain.
B)resting skeletal muscle.
C)the liver.
D)the heart.
Q4) Glycolysis converts glucose into two ______________ molecules.
A)glycogen
B)lactic acid
C)acetyl CoA
D)pyruvic acid
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 7
Chapter 6: Interactions Between Cells and The Extracellular Environment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58077
Sample Questions
Q1) The transport of molecules out of the urinary filtrate and into the blood is called A)absorption.
B)reabsorption.
C)countertransport.
D)symport.
Q2) Diffusion ____________ the entropy of a solution.
A)decreases
B)increases
C)does not change
Q3) Proteins that extend from the cytoskeleton within the cell, through the plasma membrane, and into the extracellular matrix are
A)lysosomal proteins.
B)metallo proteins.
C)receptor proteins.
D)integrin proteins.
Q4) Active transport proteins are often regulated by phosphorylation. A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 8
Chapter 7: The Nervous System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58076
Sample Questions
Q1) Chemical synapses
A)have a delayed impulse transmission.
B)utilize gap junctions.
C)occur when two nerve cells are in direct contact with each other.
D)do not require the release of neurotransmitters.
Q2) Astrocytes can be excited by changes in intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ______ synapses occur between axons of postsynaptic cells and axons of presynaptic cells.
A)Axodendritic
B)Axosomatic
C)Myoneural
D)Axoaxonic
Q4) Which of the following is NOT true of axonal transport?
A)uses molecular motion
B)can transport anteroretrograde
C)can transport retrograde
D)results from rhythmic waves of contraction.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 9
Chapter 8: The Central Nervous System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58075
Sample Questions
Q1) Sensory impulses associated with crude touch and pressure are transmitted by the posterior spinocerebellar tracts to the thalamus.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Damaging the diencephalon would inhibit detection of sensory stimuli.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The limbic system, especially the ____________ and ________________, are rich in "stress hormone" receptors.
A)caudate nucleus, hippocampus
B)hippocampus, amygdala
C)cingulated gyrus, amygdala
D)septal nuclei, hippocampus
Q4) The neurohypophysis is derived embryonically from the diencephalon.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Destruction of Wernicke's area destroys language comprehension.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 10
Chapter 9: The Autonomic Nervous System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
96 Verified Questions
96 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58074
Sample Questions
Q1) Intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> is elevated if norepinephrine binds to a(n) _____________ receptor.
A)alpha-1 adrenergic
B)alpha-2 adrenergic
C)beta-1 adrenergic
D)beta-2 adrenergic
Q2) The second messenger mediating the effects of norepinephrine on the heart would be
A)increased intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup>.
B)decreased Ca<sup>2+</sup>.
C)increased cyclic AMP.
D)decreased intracellular cyclic AMP.
Q3) Postganglionic sympathetic neurons arise from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Damage to an autonomic nerve makes the effector more sensitive to stimulation.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Chapter 10: Sensory Physiology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
143 Verified Questions
143 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58092
Sample Questions
Q1) Ganglion cells are stimulated optimally by
A)light striking the entire retinal surface.
B)light striking a spot on the retina.
C)a bar of light moving on the retina.
D)a bar of light striking a spot on the retina.
Q2) What type of eye movement helps you to follow a moving object?
A)vergence
B)saccadic
C)fixational
D)smooth pursuit
Q3) The ______ system is involved in the pupillary response.
A)tectal
B)geniculostriate
C)optic chiasma
D)sensory adaptation
Q4) Within the eye, electrical impulses pass from
A)photoreceptors to ganglion cells to bipolar cells.
B)ganglion cells to bipolar cells to photoreceptors.
C)photoreceptors to bipolar cells to ganglion cells.
D)bipolar cells to photoreceptors to ganglion cells.
Page 12
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 11: Endocrine Glands
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58091
Sample Questions
Q1) The ____________ has a cortex medulla derived from ectoderm and a cortex derived from mesoderm.
A)adrenal gland
B)pancreas
C)thyroid gland
D)pituitary gland
Q2) Inhibition of G-proteins would cause an increase in hormone-induced intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentrations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The hypersecretion of corticosteroids results in A)Addison's disease.
B)diabetes insipidus.
C)Grave's disease.
D)Cushing's disease.
Q4) The hypothalamus secretes neurohormones.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 13
Chapter 12: Muscle
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58090
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT true of single-unit smooth muscle?
A)All cells receive autonomic stimulation.
B)It displays pacemaker activity.
C)It displays myogenic response to stretch.
D)Acetylcholine binds to muscarinic receptors and closes K<sup>+</sup> channels.
Q2) The first 1 to 2 minutes of moderate to heavy exercise relies on _____ for ATP production.
A)aerobic respiration of glucose
B)anaerobic respiration of glucose
C)aerobic respiration of fatty acids
D)anaerobic respiration of amino acids
Q3) The _________ complex contains three proteins designated as the I, T, and C types.
A)actin
B)myosin
C)tropomyosin
D)troponin
Q4) All three types of muscle demonstrate peristaltic contractions.
A)True
B)False
14
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 13: Blood, Heart, and Circulation
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58089
Sample Questions
Q1) Inhibiting gastric function would stimulate
A)iron-deficiency anemia.
B)pernicious anemia.
C)aplastic anemia.
D)leukemia.
Q2) The pulmonary veins returns oxygen depleted blood to the right atrium.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What hormone stimulates the process of erythropoiesis?
A)multipotent growth factor-1
B)interleukin-1
C)erythropoietin
D)GM-CSF
Q4) A normal hematocrit for women would be
A)30%.
B)40%.
C)48%.
D)52%.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 15
Chapter 14: Cardiac Output, Blood Flow, and Bloodpressure
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58088
Sample Questions
Q1) During maximal exercise, the skeletal muscles can receive as much as ____ of the total blood flow.
A)35%
B)45%
C)65%
D)85%
Q2) Hydrostatic pressure is ______ and colloid osmotic pressure is ______ at the arterial end of a capillary.
A)higher, higher
B)higher, lower
C)lower, lower
D)lower, higher
Q3) Nitroglycerine causes vasodilation of blood vessels due to its effects on levels of A)histamine.
B)bradykinin.
C)nitric oxide.
D)prostacyclin.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
16
Chapter 15: The Immune System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58087
Sample Questions
Q1) During the local inflammatory response, a lack of mast cells would result in
A)decreased antibody secretion.
B)interaction of antibodies with the pathogen.
C)activation of complement.
D)decreased capillary permeability.
Q2) What molecule is used to produce lymphokine-activated killer cells to treat some types of cancer?
A)interleukin-2
B)interleukin-1
C)interleukin-4
D)G-CSF
Q3) Some tumor cells may produce a surface molecule, which may defend them from T cell attack.These surface molecules are called
A)FAS ligands.
B)MHCs.
C)CD8 coreceptors.
D)antigens.
Q4) Inhibition of phagocytosis prevents proper Kupffer cell function.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 17
Chapter 16: Respiratory Physiology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58086
Sample Questions
Q1) The anatomical dead space
A)is increased by emphysema.
B)has a lower concentration of carbon dioxide than atmospheric air.
C)has a lower concentration of oxygen than atmospheric air.
D)is comprised of the respiratory zone.
Q2) Hypoventilation can correct
A)metabolic acidosis.
B)respiratory acidosis.
C)metabolic alkalosis.
D)respiratory alkalosis.
Q3) Who's law states that the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas?
A)Charles law
B)Boyle's law
C)Henry's law
D)Laplace's law
Q4) Internal respiration occurs most frequently in the respiratory zone.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 18
Chapter 17: Physiology of the Kidneys
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58085
Sample Questions
Q1) Renal insufficiency often results from dialysis.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The sensor in tubuloglomerular feedback is a group of cells called the A)macula densa.
B)glomerulus.
C)vasa recta.
D)macula lutea.
Q3) The __________ acts as a countercurrent exchanger.
A)juxtaglomerular apparatus
B)peritubular capillaries
C)vasa recta
D)macula densa
Q4) In response to alkalosis
A)the kidney maximally reabsorbs bicarbonate.
B)the kidney excretes bicarbonate.
C)excess H<sup>+</sup> enters the tubular filtrate.
D)tubular carbonic anhydrase is inhibited.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
19
Chapter 18: The Digestive System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58084
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following may be beneficial in treating gastric ulcers?
A)epinephrine
B)histamine blockers
C)gastric inhibitory peptide
D)carboxypeptidase
Q2) Absorbed lipids are initially transported by the lymphatic system.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Gastric hydrochloric acid secretion is regulated through negative feedback. A)True
B)False
Q4) Wavelike muscular contraction of the gastrointestinal tract is called A)peristalsis.
B)segmentation.
C)deglutition.
D)mastication.
Q5) Absorptive cells of the gastrointestinal tract are located within the mucosa. A)True B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 20
Chapter 19: Regulation of Metabolism
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58083
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT true of metabolic syndrome?
A)hypotension
B)insulin resistance
C)dyslidipemia
D)central obesity
Q2) The effects of glucagon are _____________ by insulin.
A)enhanced
B)opposed
C)synergized
D)agonized
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a function of derivatives of water-soluble vitamins?
A)coenzymes in metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
B)forming hydrogen carriers NAD and FAD
C)cofactors for enzymes
D)intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate
Q4) The actions of thyroxine ________ the production of metabolic heat.
A)increase
B)decrease
C)have no effect on
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 21
Chapter 20: Reproduction
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58081
Sample Questions
Q1) Developing sperm cells produce estrogen that may serve to regulate their environment.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The progressive fusion of the acrosomal membrane with the plasma membrane of the sperm is called the A)spermatogenesis.
B)acrosomal reaction.
C)spermiogenesis.
D)capacitation.
Q3) In humans parturition can be blocked by
A)inhibiting the actions of progesterone.
B)stimulating the actions of estrogen.
C)inhibiting the actions of oxytocin.
D)stimulating the actions of chorionic gonadotropin.
Q4) The most common cause of female pseudohermaphroditism is congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
A)True B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 22