Principles of Nutrition Question Bank
Course
Introduction
Principles of Nutrition is an introductory course that explores the fundamental concepts of human nutrition, including the structure, function, and metabolism of nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. The course examines the role of nutrition in health and disease prevention, dietary guidelines, energy balance, digestion, and the factors influencing food choices. Emphasis is placed on understanding nutrient requirements throughout the lifecycle and the impact of nutrition on overall wellbeing, equipping students with the knowledge to make informed dietary decisions for themselves and others.
Recommended Textbook
The Science of Nutrition 3rd Edition by Janice J. Thompson
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23 Chapters
1774 Verified Questions
1774 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Science of Nutrition: Linking Food, function, and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the most important points to consider when assessing the reliability of a media report is the issue of:
A)conflict of interest.
B)availability.
C)cost.
D)how widely it is quoted.
Answer: A
Q2) Today,wellness is defined as:
A)the absence of disease.
B)achieving and maintaining physical health.
C)a multidimensional process including physical,emotional,and spiritual health.
D)an end point goal that exists along a continuum of health.
Answer: C
Q3) An RDA is established based on the:
A)DRI.
B)EAR.
C)UL.
D)AI.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Designing a Healthful Diet
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend limiting intake of which of the following?
A)fiber
B)saturated fats
C)complex carbohydrates
D)fruits
Answer: B
Q2) Gabriel is a college athlete who requires 2,900 kcal a day to support his total energy needs.However,he only manages to consume approximately 1,800 kcal a day.Which of the four characteristics of a healthful diet is Gabriel not meeting?
A)adequacy
B)moderation
C)variety
D)balance
Answer: A
Q3) There is no truly healthful way to "eat out" away from home.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4
Chapter
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102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) After eating,you experience a feeling of satiation as a result of the:
A)decrease in blood glucose levels.
B)increase in blood glucose levels.
C)enzymatic digestion of fatty acids.
D)rapid release of chyme into the small intestine.
Answer: B
Q2) Which macronutrient has the highest satiety value?
A)fat
B)carbohydrates
C)protein
D)water
Answer: C
Q3) The microvilli in the small intestine are collectively called the: A)enterocytes.
B)lacteals.
C)brush border.
D)rugae.
Answer: C
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5
Chapter 4: Carbohydrates: Plant-Derived Energy Nutrients
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Sample Questions
Q1) Diets with high glycemic load are associated with a reduced risk for chronic diseases such as diabetes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following ethnic groups has the lowest incidence of lactose intolerance?
A)Asian Americans
B)African Americans
C)Caucasian Americans
D)Hispanic Americans
Q3) Why is white wheat flour a less nutritious choice than whole wheat flour?
A)White wheat flour retains only a fraction of wheat's fiber,vitamins,and minerals.
B)White wheat flour contains less endosperm than whole wheat flour.
C)White wheat flour consists only of wheat germ.
D)White wheat flour consists only of wheat bran.
Q4) Functional fiber is the form of fiber found in fiber supplements.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: in Depth: Alcohol
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Sample Questions
Q1) Alcohol is primarily metabolized by the:
A)stomach.
B)liver.
C)kidney.
D)spleen.
Q2) Alcohol consumption,even at a moderate level,increases the risk for gastrointestinal bleeding if the drinker is:
A)a diabetic using insulin.
B)taking resveratrol supplements.
C)taking aspirin or ibuprofen.
D)on an antidepressant.
Q3) Moderate alcohol consumption is BEST defined as:
A)no more than 6 drinks per week for women and 12 drinks for men.
B)one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men.
C)drinking only one night a week.
D)drinking a glass of water with each alcoholic drink.
Q4) Fetal alcohol syndrome is BEST described as a genetic disorder.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Lipids: Essential Energy-Supplying Nutrients
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Sample Questions
Q1) The process of adding hydrogen to an unsaturated fatty acid is called: A)emulsification.
B)pressurization.
C)hydrogenation.
D)deamination.
Q2) The primary enzyme for digesting cholesterol esters in the small intestine is called: A)amylase.
B)cholesterol esterase.
C)lingual lipase.
D)pancreatic lipase.
Q3) The lipoprotein that transports lipids from the intestine into the bloodstream is a: A)chylomicron.
B)very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL).
C)high-density lipoprotein (HDL).
D)micelle.
Q4) Describe the digestion and absorption of dietary fat,beginning with the mouth.What is the final fate of fat in the human body?
Q5) What are the primary functions of lipids?
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Chapter 7: Vitamins and Minerals: Micronutrients With
Macro Powers
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is classified as a trace mineral?
A)calcium
B)sodium
C)iron
D)potassium
Q2) In 1906,F.G.Hopkins first called vitamins and minerals:
A)essential substances.
B)essential factors.
C)nutrients.
D)accessory factors.
Q3) Which of the following are classified as micronutrients?
A)vitamins
B)water
C)fat
D)protein
Q4) One of the primary differences between vitamins and minerals is that:
A)minerals are essential and vitamins are not.
B)minerals are inorganic and vitamins are organic.
C)minerals are large molecules and vitamins are small molecules.
D)minerals are organic and vitamins are inorganic.
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Chapter 8: Phytochemicals
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Sample Questions
Q1) The prefix "phyto" means:
A)light.
B)plant.
C)fiber.
D)photon.
Q2) Oxidative damage has been linked to the aging process.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Phytochemicals have established daily recommended intakes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Conditions that typically occur later in life as the result of lifelong accumulated risk are called:
A)low-risk diseases.
B)cancer.
C)secondary diseases.
D)diseases of aging.
Q5) Phytochemicals are regarded as nutrients.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Disordered Eating
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Sample Questions
Q1) Female athletes who experience amenorrhea are at risk for developing osteoporosis.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to the American Psychiatric Association,anorexia nervosa is diagnosed when a client:
A)refuses to maintain body weight at or above a minimally normal weight for age and height.
B)has an intense fear of losing weight or becoming thin.
C)experiences repeated episodes of binge eating.
D)experiences repeated episodes of purging.
Q3) Obsessive-compulsive,perfectionism,socially inhibited,compliant,and emotionally restrained describe personality traits of:
A)anorexia nervosa.
B)bulimia nervosa.
C)binge-eating disorder.
D)obesity.
Q4) The diagnostic criteria for eating disorders cannot be applied to men.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Proteins: Crucial Components of All Body
Tissues
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Sample Questions
Q1) The specific sequence of amino acids that make up the individual proteins in your body is determined by:
A)the level of phospholipids in the blood.
B)the amount of blood glucose.
C)the pH balance of blood.
D)your unique genetic makeup.
Q2) Protein molecules contain the element nitrogen.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which part of an individual amino acid distinguishes it from other amino acids?
A)side chain
B)central carbon
C)amine group
D)acid group
Q4) Which of the following provides incomplete protein?
A)egg whites
B)black beans
C)chicken
D)milk
Q5) How do shape and structure affect protein function?
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Chapter 11: Metabolism: From Food to Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the metabolic shifts that occur during short-term and long-term fasting.
Q2) Oxaloacetate is a metabolic intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA)cycle.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In anaerobic metabolism lactate is converted to glucose.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The glycolysis of glucose occurs in which cellular component?
A)mitochondrion
B)cytosol
C)nucleus
D)intercellular fluid
Q5) Which of the following situations will result in a buildup of ketones in the blood?
A)low carbohydrate availability
B)low levels of acetyl CoA due to increased fat mobilization
C)excess of tricarboxyl acid (TCA)-cycle intermediates
D)high-carbohydrate diet
Q6) Explain how a low-carbohydrate diet affects the rate of the TCA.
Q7) Explain why triglycerides are the most useful form of stored energy.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Nutrients Involved in Energy Metabolism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which dietary source of niacin has the highest availability for absorption?
A)cereal grains
B)meat
C)enriched bread products
D)ready-to-eat cereals
Q2) Iodine is essential for the synthesis of ________ hormones.
A)estrogen
B)growth
C)thyroid
D)androgen
Q3) What is TPP? Which vitamin is the base for TPP? Discuss two roles of TPP in human metabolism.
Q4) Excessive fat accumulation in the liver and ultimately liver damage can result from inadequate intake of:
A)choline.
B)chromium.
C)thiamin.
D)sulfur.
Q5) Which population groups in the United States are most at risk for a thiamin deficiency? Why?
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Chapter 13: Nutrients Involved in Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hyponatremia occurs when somebody drinks too much water without replacing potassium.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Sweat must evaporate to have a cooling affect.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Malik goes to the movie and consumes a piece of pizza,a diet cola,and a large tub of salted popcorn.How will Malik's kidneys regulate his fluid balance and adapt to this high-sodium meal? Explain why it is an oversimplification to say that sodium is harmful to the body.
Q4) In the majority of cases,the cause of hypertension is:
A)excessive salt intake.
B)kidney disease.
C)sleep apnea.
D)unknown.
Q5) The thirst mechanism is affected by age.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
Q6) List and describe at least three critical functions of water in the body.
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Page 16
Chapter 14: Nutrients Involved in Antioxidant Function and Vision
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Sample Questions
Q1) Vitamin E is critical for:
A)normal fetal and early childhood development.
B)athletic performance.
C)postmenopausal women.
D)adolescent growth.
Q2) Taking vitamin E supplements along with ________ can cause uncontrollable bleeding.
A)antidepressants
B)anticoagulants
C)cholesterol-lowering medications
D)oral contraceptives
Q3) The most powerful and abundant form of vitamin E is:
A)alpha-tocopherol.
B)alpha-tocotrienol.
C)gamma-tocopherol.
D)delta-tocopherol.
Q4) Once the DNA of a cell is mutated,the development of cancer is inevitable.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Nutrients Involved in Bone Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Soft drink consumption is associated with poor bone health.Describe the proposed theories that explain this relationship.
Q2) Which of the following is MOST likely to occur if you were to consume too much calcium via the diet?
A)You would experience hypercalcemia.
B)You would begin to produce kidney stones.
C)Your gastrointestinal tract would limit the absorption of other minerals.
D)Calcium deposits would accumulate in the soft tissues of the body.
Q3) A T-score compares a person's assessed bone density to:
A)the average peak bone density of a healthy 30-year-old.
B)the average peak bone density of a healthy 20-year-old.
C)the average bone density of a person with osteoporosis.
D)the average bone density of a person at puberty.
Q4) Calcium is primarily absorbed from which area of the intestinal tract?
A)mouth
B)stomach
C)duodenum
D)ileum
Q5) What is bone modeling? Why is it important? What minerals are related to bone modeling?
Page 18
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Chapter 16: Nutrients Involved in Blood Health and Immunity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Without adequate vitamin K,blood does not clot properly.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Vitamins C and E protect the cell membrane from damage by:
A)natural killer cells.
B)reactive oxygen species molecules.
C)erythrocytes.
D)cytotoxic T cells.
Q3) Which of the following is part of the innate branch of the immune system?
A)stomach acid
B)complement proteins
C)corticosteroids
D)lymphocytes
Q4) Lack of circulating neutrophils is a classic sign of copper toxicity.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Iron is a major mineral.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe the factors and processes that affect iron absorption in the body. Page 19
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Page 20
Chapter 17: Achieving and Maintaining a Healthful Body Weight
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pear-shaped fat distribution patterning increases a person's risk for type 2 diabetes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which method of assessing body composition is considered to be the gold standard?
A)body mass index (BMI)
B)underwater weighing
C)skinfold test
D)waist circumference measurement
Q3) The physiological state reached in which there is no longer a desire to eat is referred to as:
A)appetite.
B)hunger.
C)satiety.
D)repletion.
Q4) Research has shown that a diet emphasizing low-energy-density foods is an ineffective weight-loss strategy.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Nutrition and Physical Activity: Keys to Good Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Each day Bill power-walks for 45 minutes.Which fuel source(s)provide(s)energy during this activity?
A)amino acids and fatty acids
B)fatty acids and glucose
C)amino acids and glucose
D)glucose only
Q2) More than 50% of adults in the United States are physically active.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is the term for the type of metabolism that supports physical activity lasting more than 3 minutes?
A)anaerobic
B)aerobic
C)nitrogen
D)fatty acid
Q4) Identify and discuss four health benefits of regular physical activity.
Q5) The human body can store an unlimited amount of glycogen.
A)True
B)False
Page 22
Q6) Would you recommend the Zone Diet to a friend? Why or why not?
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Page 23
Chapter 19: Consumer Issues: Food Safety, Production, and Impact on the Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which human organ system is MOST affected by toxic levels of mercury?
A)nervous
B)renal
C)cardiovascular
D)digestive
Q2) The process of genetic modification involves:
A)preserving organisms until they can be treated to render them harmless.
B)altering the DNA of an organism to bring about specific changes in its seeds or offspring.
C)distinguishing harmful microorganisms from harmless ones.
D)treating organisms with radiation and then combining or breeding them for desired effects.
Q3) You should avoid buying or consuming canned foods whose cans have dents or other visble damage.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the distinctions between food infections and food intoxications.List and describe at least three types of microorganims that contaminate foods.
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Chapter 20: Nutrition Through the Life Cycle: Pregnancy
and the First Year of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Premilk,also known as ________,is rich in immune factors and protein.
A)prolactin
B)colostrum
C)lactation
D)oxytocin
Q2) It is important for the fetus to store adequate iron during gestation because:
A)breast milk is low in iron.
B)iron derived from breast milk and formula is poorly absorbed.
C)the fetus loses a great deal of iron during delivery.
D)during the first month of life,the infant is unable to store iron.
Q3) A preterm infant is one who is born:
A)weighing less than 5.5 lbs.
B)less than 17 inches long.
C)before 38 weeks' gestation.
D)prior to the full development of the respiratory system.
Q4) At what point during pregnancy is adequate folate the MOST important?
A)during the first four weeks
B)during the middle trimester
C)during the last trimester
D)immediately prior to parturition (delivery)
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Chapter 21: Nutrition Through the Life Cycle: Childhood and Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) The preschool years are BEST characterized by:
A)increased percentage of Calories derived from fat.
B)swift and fluctuating growth rate.
C)increased physical coordination and dexterity.
D)increased dependence on adults.
Q2) From ages 4 through 8 the recommended nutrient values for children: A)shift as the children develop.
B)increase.
C)remain the same as for toddlers.
D)decrease slightly.
Q3) Adolescents are at risk for the same chronic diseases as adults.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss the current macronutrient and micronutrient recommendations for toddlers.What are the pros and cons of administering nutritional supplements to toddlers,and who would be appropriate candidates for additional supplementation,if any?
Q5) Make an argument for why,or why not,vegan diets are appropriate for very young children.Include as many aspects of the issue as possible and defend your answer.
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Chapter 22: Nutrition Through the Life Cycle: The Later Years
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Sample Questions
Q1) Both overweight and underweight are serious health concerns in the elderly.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Age-related changes in the release of appetite-regulating gut hormones may MOST contribute to a condition known as:
A)sarcopenic obesity.
B)achlorhydria.
C)anorexia of aging.
D)Parkinson's disease.
Q3) Achlorhydria may lead to which of the following?
A)limited absorption of minerals
B)increased absorption of vitamins
C)faster digestion of fats
D)limited digestion of carbohydrates
Q4) Providing ice chips to ease a dry mouth in a terminally ill patient is an example of ________ medical care.
A)holistic
B)palliative
C)traditional
D)alternative
Page 27
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Chapter 23: Global Nutrition
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Sample Questions
Q1) Severe food shortages affecting a large percentage of a population within a given area at a particular time is known as a:
A)food/population ratio.
B)famine.
C)natural disaster.
D)nutrition paradox.
Q2) The five key micronutrient deficiencies of greatest concern in impoverished coutries are:
A)calcium,potassium,folate,vitamin D,vitamin B .
B)selenium,folate,vitamin E,sodium,vitamin.
C)iron,iodine,zinc,vitamin A,vitamin B .
D)magnesium,niacin,vitamin K,vitamin E,vitamin.
Q3) The nutrition paradox refers to:
A)enriching foods with nutrients that they already contain naturally.
B)coexistance of undernutrition and overnutrition within the same region,household,or family.
C)impoverished countries that experience excessive rates of obesity.
D)obese children who come from non-obese parents or families.
Q4) Why is overnutrition a global concern,and how did it become so?
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