Principles of Nutrition
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Principles of Nutrition explores the fundamental concepts of human nutrition, including the structure, function, and metabolism of essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. The course examines the role of nutrition in health, disease prevention, and human development throughout the life cycle. Students will learn about dietary guidelines, food sources of nutrients, digestion and absorption processes, and how nutritional needs vary among different populations. Emphasis is placed on evaluating nutritional information critically, understanding current issues in nutrition, and applying knowledge to make informed lifestyle choices.
Recommended Textbook
Nutrition An Applied Approach 5th Edition by
Janice J. Thompson
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30 Chapters
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Nutrition: Linking Food and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Poor nutrition is strongly associated with three chronic diseases that fall within the group of top ten causes of death in the United States.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) How many classes of nutrients are there?
A) three
B) four
C) six
D) eight
Answer: C
Q3) What is the group given a specific treatment or intervention during an experiment called?
A) the experimental group
B) the control group
C) the double-blind group
D) the study population
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Designing a Healthful Diet
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Sample Questions
Q1) The psychological desire to eat stimulated by the sight,smell,or thought of food is A) olfaction.
B) hunger.
C) appetite.
D) satiety.
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following foods is likely to contain the highest level of sodium?
A) deli cold cuts
B) milk
C) a salad sprinkled with salt
D) a slice of banana bread
Answer: A
Q3) The amount and %DV per serving of which of the following is NOT identified on the Nutrition Facts panel?
A) sodium
B) vitamin E
C) dietary fiber
D) cholesterol
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3:
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Sample Questions
Q1) The hair-like projections on the enterocytes are known as A) villi.
B) microvilli.
C) crypts.
D) brush cells.
Answer: B
Q2) The cell membrane is selectively permeable,allowing only some compounds to enter and leave the cell.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q3) Constipation can be relieved by eating a high-fiber diet and staying well-hydrated.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q4) Infrequent,painful bowel movements are symptoms of diarrhea.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Carbohydrates: Plant-Derived Energy Nutrients
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mannitol,sorbitol,and xylitol are added to chewing gum as A) stabilizers.
B) alternative sweeteners.
C) zero-Calorie sweeteners.
D) nutritive sweeteners.
Q2) The term complex carbohydrates refers to
A) monosaccharides.
B) disaccharides.
C) polysaccharides.
D) glucose.
Q3) Which of the following would be the BEST choice for someone trying to reduce added sugar intake?
A) cranberry juice
B) half a cup of sliced strawberries
C) caramel apple yogurt
D) canned pears in heavy syrup
Q4) On food labels,the term wheat flour actually refers to refined white flour.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Fats: Essential Energy-Supplying Nutrients
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are excellent sources of unsaturated fats?
A) nuts and nut butters
B) full-fat dairy products
C) citrus fruits
D) beans and rice
Q2) Which of the following fatty acids is generally solid at room temperature?
A) short-chain
B) monounsaturated
C) polyunsaturated
D) saturated
Q3) Describe some specific steps you could take to select foods with a more healthful fat profile when you are grocery shopping and when you are eating at a restaurant.
Q4) Lipids with a glycerol backbone and two fatty acids with a phosphate group are known as sterols.
A)True B)False
Q5) Pregnant women are advised to entirely avoid consuming fish.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Proteins: Crucial Components of All Body
Tissues
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sheldon consumes mostly fruits,legumes and other vegetables,grains,nuts,and seeds,but he often eats eggs,yogurt,and cheese as well.Once or twice a week,he eats a meal containing meat,poultry,and/or fish.Sheldon consumes a
A) vegan diet.
B) macrobiotic diet.
C) plant-based diet.
D) lacto-ovovegetarian diet.
Q2) Nitrogen released from the breakdown of proteins
A) is used to synthesize liver glycogen.
B) travels in the bloodstream to the lungs, where it is excreted when we exhale.
C) triggers acidosis.
D) is used in the synthesis of urea, which is excreted by the kidneys in the urine.
Q3) Complementary proteins provide all twenty essential amino acids.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Denaturation results in the loss of the protein's function.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Identify and describe the steps involved in protein synthesis.
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Chapter 7: Nutrients Involved in Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about the movement of substances across the cell membrane is TRUE?
A) Water freely moves across the cell membrane.
B) Water moves across the cell membranes only through protein channels.
C) Electrolytes freely move across cell membranes.
D) Water and electrolytes cannot move across cell membranes.
Q2) The body obtains metabolic water directly by consuming fluids and foods.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The two electrolytes most important in enabling nerves to respond to stimuli are sodium and
A) chloride.
B) potassium.
C) phosphorus.
D) iron.
Q4) Which of the following is an example of insensible water loss?
A) vomiting
B) sweating
C) respiration
D) urination
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Chapter 8: Nutrients Essential to Key Body Functions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Excessive consumption of vitamin A supplements can be highly toxic.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Beta-carotene is
A) an important antioxidant in the extracellular fluid.
B) a retinol.
C) an antioxidant phytochemical.
D) absorbed more efficiently from raw foods than from cooked foods.
Q3) Vitamin A plays an essential role in the human body in
A) preventing acne.
B) acting as an antioxidant and scavenging free radicals.
C) protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from oxidation.
D) maintaining healthy vision.
Q4) Which of the following are excellent sources of folate?
A) chicken and turkey
B) cooked broccoli
C) cheeses
D) ready-to-eat cereals and breads
Q5) Cheri has been trying to conceive for the past three months.Explain why Cheri should be especially careful to consume adequate folate.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Nutrients Essential to Healthy Tissues
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Sample Questions
Q1) The majority of the body's magnesium is found in the A) blood.
B) spleen.
C) bones.
D) liver.
Q2) Which of the following statements about vitamin K is TRUE?
A) Excessive intake of vitamin K quickly leads to toxicity.
B) Vitamin K is a water-soluble vitamin.
C) Because no foods provide more than trace amounts of vitamin K, the GI flora are our only source.
D) There is no RDA for vitamin K.
Q3) Why does folate or vitamin B deficiency lead to macrocytic anemia?
A) because reduced hemoglobin synthesis will produce cells of inadequate size
B) because poor DNA synthesis will impair blood cells' ability to divide
C) because red blood cell precursors (stem cells) will proliferate in the bone marrow
D) because white blood cells (leukocytes) will proliferate in the bone marrow
Q4) Explain why someone with celiac disease is at increased risk for internal hemorrhaging.
Q5) How does bone serve as a "calcium bank" for the body?
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Chapter 10: Achieving and Maintaining a Healthful Body Weight
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Q1) People trying to gain weight should not engage in aerobic exercise.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is most likely to promote healthy increases in muscle mass?
A) increasing fruit and vegetable consumption
B) adopting a paleo diet
C) taking amino acid and protein supplements
D) resistance training
Q3) Individuals with a body mass index less than 18.5 kg/m² are classified as
A) obese.
B) overweight.
C) normal weight.
D) underweight.
Q4) In a state of energy balance
A) energy consumed is greater than energy expended.
B) energy expended is greater than energy consumed.
C) energy consumed is less than energy expended in physical activity.
D) energy consumed is equal to energy expended.
Q5) Are you happy with your body weight? Is it healthful? Why or why not?
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Chapter 11: Nutrition and Physical Activity: Keys to Good Health
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Q1) Why are the B vitamins especially important to an athlete?
A) Carbohydrates are a poor source of the B vitamins.
B) During exercise large amounts of the B vitamins are lost in the urine.
C) The B vitamins are directly involved in energy metabolism.
D) Active athletes cannot eat a sufficient amount of Calories to meet the RDAs for the B vitamins.
Q2) How do warm-up exercises prepare the muscles for exertion?
A) by increasing blood flow and temperature
B) by promoting muscle atrophy
C) by initiating muscle hypertrophy
D) by placing extra physical demands on the body
Q3) The primary end product of glycolysis is
A) adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
B) creatine phosphate (CP).
C) lactic acid.
D) pyruvic acid.
Q4) Explain why drinking a cup of coffee half an hour before your workout might boost your stamina,whereas downing an energy drink during your workout might be risky.
Q5) Discuss the health benefits of regular physical activity.
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Chapter
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dioxins and other endocrine disruptors cause harm by A) directly damaging the liver and kidneys.
B) stimulating an autoimmune response against the beta cells of the pancreas.
C) interfering in the body's own production and regulation of hormones.
D) paralyzing muscle cells, including those involved in breathing.
Q2) Chemicals used to help retain moisture in foods are called A) emulsifiers.
B) stabilizers.
C) humectants.
D) pesticides.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a reason that foodborne illness has become a major U.S.public health threat in recent years?
A) increase in mass-production of foods
B) global supply of ingredients from a great number and type of sources
C) fragmented and underfunded government oversight
D) lack of food safety legislation
Q4) Explain what you are buying when you buy certified organic foods.
Q5) The overuse of pesticides has led to the development of so-called "superbugs."
A)True
B)False
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Challenge of Good Food
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Q1) List and describe at least three key factors that contribute to chronic food shortages.Be specific.What is the relationship between each of them and hunger? Which one do you think is most likely to be alleviated the soonest,and why?
Q2) Which of the following is a simple food strategy you can follow to help preserve natural resources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions?
A) carbohydrate loading
B) high-protein diet
C) fish Fridays
D) meatless Mondays
Q3) A waitress or waiter who works a 40-hour week might legally earn less than $400 in an entire month (160 hours).
A)True
B)False
Q4) You participate in the food movement each time you choose a meatless meal or purchase organic,locally grown,or fair trade foods.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Nutrition Through the Lifecycle: Pregnancy and the
First Year of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) At birth,baby Ramon weighs 8 pounds.If his growth and development are normal,what would you expect Ramon to weigh at his first birthday?
A) 16 pounds
B) 20 pounds
C) 24 pounds
D) 32 pounds
Q2) A normal-weight woman should gain approximately how many pounds during pregnancy?
A) 5 to 10
B) 15 to 20
C) 25 to 35
D) 40 to 50
Q3) Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is dangerous only during the first trimester.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss the benefits of exercise during pregnancy and the precautions required.
Q5) Identify at least three reasons that following the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines for breastfeeding may decrease the infant's risk of developing obesity in later life.
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Chapter 15: Nutrition Through the Lifecycle: Childhood to Late
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss a variety of health,emotional,and social concerns associated with pediatric obesity.
Q2) Compare the benefits and risks of feeding a vegan diet to a young child.
Q3) Which of the following is LEAST likely to be necessary to increase in a toddler's vegan diet?
A) fiber
B) zinc
C) iron
D) vitamin B
Q4) The key macronutrient for the development of the nervous system during the toddler years is carbohydrate.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The absorption of which vitamin increases in older adults?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Page 17
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Chapter 16: New Frontiers in Nutrition and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Yogurt you purchase from a local dairy farm is a processed food.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following statements is TRUE about a diet high in phytochemicals?
A) It is thought to increase the risk of cancer.
B) It is thought to reduce inflammation linked to the development of cancer.
C) It can prevent some forms of cancer.
D) It can cure some forms of cancer.
Q3) Prebiotics contribute to health by
A) stimulating the growth and activity of beneficial GI flora.
B) adding lipids to the lining of the GI tract.
C) adding protein and liquid to the GI tract to increase its activity.
D) decreasing lipid metabolism.
Q4) Research suggests that consumption of probiotics may reduce susceptibility to colds.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Orange juice with added calcium is an example of a probiotic beverage.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Healthful Eating Patterns
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Q1) More than two-thirds of Americans are overweight or obese.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans,a healthful eating pattern can include starchy vegetables such as yams and corn.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is a principle of a healthful eating pattern?
A) You should consider everything you eat and drink.
B) You should avoid empty-Calorie foods, processed foods, and dietary supplements.
C) You should meet your nutrient needs primarily through foods low in nutrient density.
D) Your should not allow yourself to be influenced by your personal preferences.
Q4) Fortunately,more than 50% of Americans do follow a healthful eating pattern.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The Power Plate is high in dietary fiber.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Disorders Related to Specific Foods
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Q1) A food label on a nutrition bar lists its ingredients.Which of the following ingredients does NOT contain protein derived from the major allergenic foods?
A) rice flour
B) wheat flour
C) roasted soybeans
D) peanuts
Q2) Food allergies
A) are more common than food intolerances.
B) cause over 15,000 deaths in the United States each year.
C) always trigger systemic inflammation.
D) can be clinically diagnosed with a skin test or a blood test.
Q3) Nonceliac gluten sensitivity is thought to be due to emotional factors.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Undiagnosed celiac disease increases the risk for A) obesity.
B) type 2 diabetes.
C) high blood pressure.
D) intestinal cancer.
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Chapter 19: Diabetes
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Q1) Joey is 22 years old and is about 20 pounds overweight.He was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes last year.Since then,he has been unable to lose weight and his blood glucose levels have not fallen.Which of the following is his physician MOST likely to recommend next?
A) consuming more carbohydrate and slightly less protein in his diet
B) use of the prescription drug metformin
C) daily insulin injections
D) weight-loss surgery
Q2) An A1C test result of 7% suggests which of the following?
A) normal blood glucose regulation
B) impaired fasting glucose
C) prediabetes
D) diabetes
Q3) Insulin is synthesized and secreted by the
A) liver.
B) pancreas.
C) gallbladder.
D) spleen.
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Chapter 20: Cardiovascular Disease
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Q1) You would be diagnosed with true hypertension if your systolic blood pressure was greater than or equal to 140 mmHg or your diastolic blood pressure was greater than or equal to
A) 90 mmHg.
B) 120 mmHg.
C) 140 mmHg.
D) 160 mmHg.
Q2) Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
A) age
B) gender
C) being overweight
D) family history
Q3) A nonspecific marker of inflammation associated with cardiovascular disease is A) C-reactive protein (CRP).
B) LDL-cholesterol.
C) hypertension.
D) HDL-cholesterol.
Q4) Fatty streaks in blood vessels indicate the presence of atherosclerosis.
A)True
B)False
Page 22
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Chapter 21: Vitamins and Minerals: Micronutrients With
Macro Powers
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Q1) Even individuals who eat a variety of healthful foods cannot meet their micronutrient needs from food alone and should take a daily supplement.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Research shows that smokers benefit from daily supplements of beta carotene.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Research studies suggest that adequate intake of vitamin D is associated with a reduced risk for A) cataracts.
B) colon cancer.
C) pneumonia.
D) type 2 diabetes.
Q4) Protein is more efficiently absorbed by the body than iron. A)True
B)False
Q5) Exposure to air,heat,and light can break down vitamins,but not minerals. A)True B)False
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Chapter 22: Alcohol
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Q1) You should never treat a hangover with aspirin,ibuprofen,or acetaminophen.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)is a serious condition that is associated with physical birth defects and mental retardation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When trying to help someone with an alcohol use disorder,it's important to A) intervene while the person is still intoxicated.
B) intervene alone so that the person does not feel threatened.
C) emphasize that the person only needs to cut down and does not need to give up alcohol completely.
D) stop covering and making excuses for the person's behavior while intoxicated.
Q4) Women absorb a greater percentage of a given alcohol intake as compared to men of the same size.
A)True B)False
Q5) In the United States,about 3 million people have an alcohol use disorder. A)True
B)False
24
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Chapter 23: Cancer
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Q1) Which of the following causes cervical cancer?
A) HIV
B) HPV
C) H. pylori
D) parasites
Q2) Once the DNA of the cell is mutated and the altered cells begin to grow,the development of cancer is inevitable.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a major type of cancer treatment?
A) chemotherapy
B) immunotherapy
C) radiation
D) surgery
Q4) Unexplained weight loss indicates that a person has cancer.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Certain cancers can be directly caused by certain infections.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 24: Osteoporosis
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Q1) Fifty percent of Americans with osteoporosis are men.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All other factors being equal,an individual who is obese has a lower risk for osteoporosis than a person who is underweight.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following medications used in treating bone loss is a pharmacologic preparation of a hormone produced by the thyroid gland?
A) selective estrogen receptor modulators
B) calcitonin
C) teriparatide
D) bisphosphonates
Q4) What is the primary reason osteoporosis incidence in the United States is expected to increase in the next two decades?
A) inadequate preventive measures
B) increased diagnosis
C) increased longevity of the population
D) decline in milk consumption
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Chapter 25: Obesity
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Q1) A BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m² adversely affects health.
A)True
B)False
Q2) About 60% of obese people trying to lose weight are successful at least in the short term.
A)True
B)False
Q3) As compared to people of normal body weight,mortality rates for people who are obese are increased by as much as
A) 25 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 75 percent
D) 100 percent
Q4) Which of the following is NOT an effective long-term treatment for obesity?
A) regular, vigorous exercise and a nutritious, reduced-Calorie diet
B) gastric bypass
C) gastric banding
D) liposuction
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Chapter 26: Disorders Related to Body Image, Eating, and Exercise
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Q1) Of the three psychiatric eating disorders,binge-eating disorder is the least common. A)True
B)False
Q2) Individuals suffering from binge-eating disorder and night-eating syndrome are often overweight or obese.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Fasting and excessive exercise are both behaviors that people with bulimia nervosa use to purge.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The risk for type 2 diabetes is significantly increased in people with A) exercise dependence.
B) anorexia nervosa.
C) the female athlete triad.
D) night-eating syndrome.
Q5) Body dysmorphic disorder is a common form of muscle dysmorphia.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 27: The Safety and Effectiveness of Dietary Supplements
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Q1) Which of the following populations would MOST benefit from taking a regular multivitamin and mineral supplement?
A) people with HIV/AIDS or other wasting disease
B) people whose exposure to sunlight is inadequate
C) children not drinking fluoridated water
D) newborns
Q2) The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)recommends that women who are pregnant or breastfeeding
A) use herbs only with physician approval.
B) avoid herbs entirely.
C) take daily doses of echinacea to enhance immune function.
D) supplement their folate intake with ginger for enhanced absorption.
Q3) The FDA must find a supplement unsafe before it can remove the supplement from the market.
A)True B)False
Q4) Taking supplements will increase your energy level.
A)True
B)False
29
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Chapter 28: Malnutrition
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Q1) Undernourished people are more prone to infections.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All nations around the world have been exposed to a nutritional transition over the past 30 years.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Infant mortality rate is a population's rate of
A) death of the fetus before birth.
B) death of newborns between birth and 28 days of age.
C) death of infants between birth and 1 year of age.
D) death of infants between 1 month and 1 year of age.
Q4) Areas or regions where people lack access to fresh,healthful,and affordable food are called
A) food oases.
B) food deserts.
C) deprivation zones.
D) obesity zones.
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Chapter 29: The Fetal Environment
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Q1) Research suggests that fetal adaptation has a much more significant impact on adult health than lifestyle choices such as avoiding smoking and engaging in regular physical activity.
A)True
B)False
Q2) As compared to the general population,the children of diabetic women are
A) twice as likely to develop type 2 diabetes.
B) four times as likely to develop type 2 diabetes.
C) six times as likely to develop type 2 diabetes.
D) eight times as likely to develop type 2 diabetes.
Q3) Poor maternal intake of calcium increases the risk of what disease in the adult offspring?
A) osteoporosis
B) colon cancer
C) hypertension
D) obesity
Q4) The negative impact of fetal exposure to malnutrition is worsened if followed by low nutrient intakes shortly after birth.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 30: Searching for the Fountain of Youth
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
22 Verified Questions
22 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43077
Sample Questions
Q1) Maintaining an energy-restricted diet that is high in nutrients requires significant planning and preparation of most of your own meals.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The research suggesting that Calorie restriction can improve human health and extend the human life span is preliminary.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),which of the following health habits does NOT promote increased longevity?
A) never smoking
B) restricting sleep to no more than 7 hours a night
C) engaging in adequate amounts of regular physical activity
D) maintaining a healthful weight and body composition
Q4) Intermittent fasting (IF)involves
A) reducing one's average energy intake.
B) avoiding all empty-Calorie foods every other day.
C) consuming no Calories at least one day of each week.
D) altering one's pattern of food intake.
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