Principles of Nutrition
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Principles of Nutrition introduces the scientific foundations of human nutrition, exploring the roles of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water in maintaining health. The course examines how the body digests, absorbs, and metabolizes nutrients, and covers dietary requirements across the lifespan. Students learn to evaluate the impact of nutrition on wellness, disease prevention, and performance, and are introduced to current dietary guidelines, nutritional assessment, and the influence of cultural, psychological, and environmental factors on food choices.
Recommended Textbook
Human Nutrition Science for Healthy Living 1st Edition by Tammy Stephenson
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20 Chapters
1102 Verified Questions
1102 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nutrition
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A)A megadose of vitamin C is within the range of safe intake for the nutrient.
B)Peanut butter is an empty-calorie food.
C)Most foods are mixtures of nutrients.
D)A healthy diet supplies 90% of its calories from protein-rich foods.
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a common marketing tactic to encourage consumers to purchase manufactured foods?
A)Attractive packaging
B)Product placement at the end of supermarket aisles
C)In-store product sampling demonstrations
D)Nutrition information posted next to fresh fruits and vegetables
Answer: D
Q3) According to a main goal of Healthy People 2020,Americans should ______.
A)reduce consumption of calories from solid fats and added sugars
B)receive annual influenza vaccinations
C)learn how to obtain nutrition information from reliable sources
D)reduce children's exposure to junk foods at home and school
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Evaluating Nutrition Information
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Sample Questions
Q1) A medical researcher reads an article in Today's Health-Conscious Woman magazine about the benefits of using the phytochemical capsaicin to treat knee pain.She asks 10 people with arthritic knees to rub a cream that contains the phytochemical on their knee joints for 2 weeks.At the end of the 2 weeks,the researcher asks the subjects whether their knee pain improved,stayed about the same,or worsened during the treatment period.After collecting responses from the people,the researcher reports the results of her study during a popular TV show that is hosted by a doctor.Based on this information,which of the following statements is true?
A)The researcher subjected the results of her study to peer review.
B)The researcher did not divide the subjects of her study into control and treatment groups.
C)The researcher reviewed scientific literature regarding the use of capsaicin to treat knee pain.
D)The researcher used a standard scientific design for research involving human subjects.
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Basis of a Healthy Diet
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the name of the tool at www.choosemyplate.gov that you can use to assess daily energy and food group needs,and record and monitor daily diet and physical activity habits?
A)MyPlate
B)Diet Analysis 2.0
C)SuperTracker
D)Exchange System
Answer: C
Q2) A nutrient requirement is the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a defined level of nutritional health.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The food plans available at www.choosemyplate.gov are based solely on age,sex,and estimated level of physical activity.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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5
Chapter 4: Human Digestion, Absorption, and Transport
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Sample Questions
Q1) Certain organs and tissues use _____ to send messages to target cells.
A)enzymes
B)lacteals
C)bonds
D)hormones
Q2) A substance has a pH that is higher than the pH of tomatoes and lower than the pH of blood.Based on this information,the substance is ______.
A)baking soda
B)lemon juice
C)black coffee
D)egg white
Q3) Which of the following statements is false?
A)Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach.
B)The sense of smell contributes to the sense of taste.
C)Peristalsis occurs when villi absorb fat.
D)Mucus protects the lining of the stomach.
Q4) Ingestion of antibiotic often leads to microflora imbalance in the digestive tract.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches, and Fiber
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Sample Questions
Q1) Phil is a healthy college student.When he wakes up in the morning,he can't wait to eat breakfast.While he is asleep and before he consumes food or beverages,his pancreas secretes _____ to maintain his blood glucose level within normal limits.
A)glucagon
B)insulin
C)thyroxin
D)aldosterone
Q2) According to scientific evidence,which of the following actions can help reduce a person's risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus?
A)Exercising daily
B)Taking vitamin C supplements
C)Drinking 2 servings of alcohol daily
D)Smoking less than 2 packs of cigarettes/week
Q3) Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?
A)High-fructose corn syrup
B)Lactose
C)Glucose
D)Soluble fiber
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Chapter 6: The Lipids: Triglycerides, phospholipids, and
Sterols
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Sample Questions
Q1) When he prepares food,Edgar wants to use ingredients that are not high in trans fat.Based on this information,which of the following fats should he include in his recipes?
A)Partially-hydrogenated peanut oil
B)Corn oil
C)Shortening
D)Stick margarine made with olive oil
Q2) A scientist has discovered a new molecular compound that is a long chain of 26 carbons bonded together,with a methyl group on one end and an acid group on the other end of the molecule.The compound does not contain any nitrogen or sulfur atoms.Based on this information,the compound is a(n)_____.
A)fatty acid
B)sterol
C)phospholipid
D)amino acid
Q3) The risk of developing cardiovascular diseases can be reduce by doing which of the following? (Check all that apply. )
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Chapter 7: Proteins: Amino Acids
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Sample Questions
Q1) Katrina is 20 years of age.She usually consumes about 1800 kcal per day.According to AMDR guidelines,what is her range of protein intake?
A)450 to 900 kcal/day
B)90 to 360 kcal/day
C)180 to 630 kcal/day
D)720 to 1080 kcal/day
Q2) Compared to a triglyceride molecule,an amino acid molecule _____________.
A)is comprised of glucose units
B)has three fatty acids attached to a glycerol
C)has nitrogen in its chemical structure
D)provides more energy
Q3) Cameron was born with a condition that requires him to limit eating foods that contain phenylalanine.Based on this information,Cameron has _____________.
A)amino acid toxicity syndrome
B)IBD
C)cystic fibrosis
D)PKU
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Chapter 8: Metabolism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Karen has type 1 diabetes,and she often forgets to administer insulin to herself.Why does her breath usually have a fruity odor?
A)An excessive amount of glucose has accumulated on her teeth,which eventually contributes to dental decay and "bad breath."
B)She has hyperglycemia,which results in ketosis as her body catabolizes an excessive amount of fatty acids.
C)Her diabetic condition causes fermentation in her small intestine,which results in faulty digestion of certain kinds of fruit.
D)Her liver synthesizes too much bile,which is blocking her bile duct and interfering with fatty acid digestion.
Q2) The higher the number of carbon atoms in a fatty acid,the higher the number of acetyl CoA produced via beta-oxidation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following compounds can be used for energy? (Check all that apply. )
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Chapter 9: Vitamin Overview and Fat-Soluble Vitamins
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Sample Questions
Q1) Issac is an 8-year-old child who has African ancestry.He lives in Chicago and does not spend much time outdoors.He does not like to consume dairy foods because he has lactose intolerance.His diet consists primarily of enriched white bread,peanut butter,chicken,pork,apples,bananas,and green vegetables.Based on this information,Issac has a high risk of _____________.
A)scurvy
B)rickets
C)beriberi
D)pellagra
Q2) Long-term trials have shown that high intakes of vitamin E reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in women.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The fact that babies can grow and thrive on synthetic infant formula supports the hypothesis that all the vitamins have been discovered.
A)True
B)False
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11
Chapter 10: Water-Soluble Vitamins
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Sample Questions
Q1) The thiamin-deficiency disease is known as _____.
A)Beriberi
B)Ricket
C)Scoliosis
D)Dengue fever
Q2) Marta is a teenager who doesn't eat fruits and vegetables.Her diet consists primarily of chicken,cottage cheese,yogurt,enriched bread,and butter.Furthermore,she doesn't take dietary supplements.Based on this information,Marta has a high risk of developing
A)beriberi
B)pellagra
C)scurvy
D)osteomalacia
Q3) When consumed with certain plant foods,vitamin C enhances the absorption of
A)iron
B)calcium
C)niacin
D)riboflavin
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Water and Major Minerals
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Sample Questions
Q1) A scientist is creating a formula diet that supplies all essential nutrients.She knows the RDA/AI for each mineral,one of which has an AI of 30 mg/day.How should she classify this particular mineral?
A)Trace mineral
B)Major mineral
C)Nonessential mineral
D)Possible essential mineral
Q2) Lola doesn't like to cook,so she eats fast food at least three times a week.When she doesn't eat fast food,she opens a can of soup and makes a ham and cheese sandwich.For snacks,she prefers processed cheese cubes,potato chips,and pretzels.Based on this information,her diet is very high in _________.
A)beta-carotene
B)vitamin D
C)potassium
D)sodium
Q3) Iron is the only mineral added to processed grain products during enrichment.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Trace Minerals
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ must be added to grains during the enrichment process.
A)Magnesium
B)Zinc
C)Calcium
D)Iron
Q2) Dental fluorosis is characterized by _____.
A)immature red blood cells that lack hemoglobin
B)keratinization and death of epithelial cells
C)abnormal changes in the appearance of tooth enamel
D)defective collagen production
Q3) Which of the following foods is the richest source of zinc?
A)Roasted sunflower seed kernels
B)Cooked Soybeans
C)Fried Oysters
D)Pecans
Q4) _____ enhances the effects of insulin on cell membranes.
A)Cobalamin
B)Boron
C)Selenium
D)Chromium
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Obesity, energy Balance, and Weight Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) The senses of sight,smell,taste,and hearing influence a person's appetite.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the United States,_____ are more likely to be overweight or obese than other adults.
A)white postmenopausal women
B)middle-age men with Asian ancestry
C)white American men who are over 60 years of age
D)non-Hispanic black Americans
Q3) Which of the following methods is not useful for estimating total energy expenditure?
A)Heart rate monitors
B)Accelerometers
C)Indirect calorimetry
D)Waistline measurements
Q4) Which of the following persons is in a state of positive energy balance?
A)A 22-year-old man who consumes 1900 kcal/day and is losing weight
B)A 29-year-old woman who has maintained her weight for 6 months
C)A 25-year-old woman who is in her 6th month of pregnancy
D)An 89-year-old man who spends most of his day in a wheelchair or bed
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Eating Disorders and Disordered Eating
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following behaviors is typical of someone who has disordered eating but not an eating disorder?
A)Regularly using laxatives lose to weight
B)Frequently making oneself vomit after meals
C)Binge eating daily for 2 months
D)Skipping breakfast when late for an exam
Q2) A major underlying personal characteristic of both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa is having a distorted body image.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ________ refers to a condition in which people with type 1 diabetes manipulate their body weight by skipping insulin injections or using less insulin than prescribed.
A)Diabulimia
B)Orthorexia
C)Muscle dysmorphia
D)Bulimia
Q4) People with bulimia nervosa are usually able to control their eating behavior.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Nutrition for Fitness and Sport
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following ergogenic aids is categorized as not effective and does not perform as claimed?
A)Sodium bicarbonate
B)Caffeine
C)Coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub>
D)Whey protein
Q2) Various environmental factors contribute to whether or not an individual meets physical activity recommendations,including the location of a person's home (urban or suburban),safety of the neighborhood,ability to walk to destinations within the community,and availability of local parks,trails,and fitness centers.Which of the following best represents the built environment?
A)Ability to walk to destinations within the community
B)Local parks,trails,and fitness centers
C)Location of a person's home
D)Neighborhood safety
Q3) Skeletal muscles generate more free radicals during rest than during physical activity.
A)True
B)False
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Pregnancy and Lactation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following conditions is a major cause of pregnancy-related deaths in the United States?
A)Physiological anemia
B)Eclampsia
C)Morning sickness
D)Pica
Q2) Tammy is a healthy young woman whose energy requirement is 2500 kcal/day.Based on this information,her daily energy requirement would be _____ kcal during her first trimester of pregnancy.
A)2000
B)1800
C)2500
D)2200
Q3) Human milk is naturally a rich source of A)iron.
B)lipids.
C)fluoride.
D)vitamin D.
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Chapter 17: Infants, Children, and Adolescents
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Sample Questions
Q1) Obese girls tend to enter puberty later than their nonobese peers.
A)True
B)False
Q2) As a result of the Healthy,Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010,schools must provide more servings of fruits,vegetables,and whole grains,and reduce amounts of solid fats and sodium in school meals.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In the United States,the diets of many school-age children supply too much
A)sodium
B)iron
C)potassium
D)calcium
Q4) Adolescent females usually attain their adult height later than adolescent males. A)True B)False
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Chapter 18: Nutrition for Older Adults
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true?
A)The life span of a human being is 100 years.
B)The longest living (documented)person was a man from Bulgaria who lived for 110 years.
C)In the United States,life expectancy is about 79 years.
D)There is little scientific evidence to support the notion that a person's genetic makeup contributes to his or her longevity.
Q2) _________ is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength combined with an increase in body fat.
A)Sarcopenia
B)Sarcopenic obesity
C)Retinopathy
D)Macular degeneration
Q3) Belva is 83 years of age.Her _____ is likely to have a negative influence on her nutritional status.
A)ethnic background
B)social isolation
C)daily exercise regimen
D)full set of natural teeth
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Food and Water Safety
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Sample Questions
Q1) Local health departments have the authority to close restaurants that receive low sanitation scores and prevent them from reopening until food safety hazards have been corrected.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The following substances were detected in a can of food.Which of the substances is an unintentional food additive?
A)High-fructose corn syrup
B)Beta-carotene
C)Pesticide residues
D)Iron
Q3) The following substances were detected in a slice of enriched bread.Which of the substances is a not a direct food additive?
A)Thiamin
B)Plastic wrap
C)Sugar
D)Folic acid
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Page 21
Chapter 20: Global Nutrition
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to recent statistics,15% of Americans are food insecure.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Check any accurate statement.
_____The quality of a pregnant woman's diet has little effect on the health of her baby at birth.
____Early onset of chronic undernutrition can lead to physical stunting and reduced cognitive abilities later in childhood.
____Various social,political,economic,and environmental factors contribute to undernutrition.
_____India has the highest mortality rate for children under the age of 5.
Q3) Unlike sustainable agriculture,conventional agriculture requires a lot of pesticides and water,increases global warming,and has more damages and impact on the environment and ecosystems.
A)True
B)False
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