Principles of Neuropsychopharmacology Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Principles of Neuropsychopharmacology explores the fundamental concepts underlying the effects of drugs on the nervous system and behavior. The course covers the mechanisms of action of major classes of psychoactive drugs, the neural circuits they influence, and their impacts on cognition, emotion, and perception. Students will study neurotransmitter systems, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, as well as the therapeutic and adverse effects of medications used to treat psychiatric and neurological disorders. Emphasis is placed on understanding the scientific basis for drug efficacy, addiction, and the ethical implications of neuropsychopharmacological interventions.
Recommended Textbook
Drugs and the Neuroscience of Behavior An Introduction to Psychopharmacology 2nd Edition by
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2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychopharmacology
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Sample Questions
Q1) For the statement,acetaminophen (Tylenol)is an analgesic drug,what is the trade name?
A) Acetaminophen
B) Tylenol
C) Analgesic
D) The trade name is not provided
Answer: B
Q2) A drug's chemical name is trademarked.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) A dose-effect curve depicts the magnitude of a drug effect by ?__________.
A) volume
B) toxicity
C) amount of drug
D) dose
Answer: D
Q4) ________ drug use consists of using a drug to address a specific purpose.
Answer: Instrumental
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Chapter 2: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) To which part of the spinal cord is sensory information sent?
A) Doral root
B) Ventral root
C) Neuromuscular junction
D) Sympathetic ganglion
Answer: A
Q2) A disease that destroyed astrocytes would be expected to:
A) decrease a neurons's aerobic energy metabolism.
B) prevent electrical impulses from traveling down axons.
C) lead to foreign substances entering the brain from the circulatory system.
D) increase the density of dendritic spines.
Answer: C
Q3) List and describe two functions for cerebrospinal fluid.
Answer: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)fills the meninges and acts to cushion the brain.CSF serves as a medium for nutrients and other chemicals to reach neurons.
Q4) Severe damage to the ________________ might cause a loss of control of heart pumping or breathing.
Answer: : medulla
Brain stem
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Chapter 3: Neurotransmission
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Sample Questions
Q1) Channels that open or close depending on local potential changes are called:
A) voltage-gated ion channels.
B) depolarization channels.
C) sodium-potassium pumps.
D) ligand-gated ion channels.
Answer: A
Q2) A sodium-potassium pump brings:
A) two sodium ions into the neuron and expels three potassium ions from the neuron.
B) two potassium ions into the neuron and expels three sodium ions from the neuron.
C) three potassium ions into the neuron and expels two sodium ions from the neuron.
D) three sodium ions into the neuron and expels two potassium ions from the neuron.
Answer: B
Q3) Heteroreceptors are located on postsynaptic terminals.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Properties of Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Preventing a neuron's nerve impulses to stop neurotransmitter synthesis.
A)True
B)False
Q2) An increased responsiveness to a drug's effects is called sensitization.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A drug's strength of binding to a receptor can be determined by:
A) conducting an experiment to assess receptor efficacy.
B) conducting an experiment to determine if the drug is an allosteric modulator.
C) conducting a binding affinity experiment.
D) conducting a ternary receptor model experiment.
Q4) A(n)_____________ refers to a drug that fails to activate a neurotransmitter receptor.
A) partial agonist
B) negative modulator
C) agonist
D) antagonist
Q5) An agonist mimics the effect of a neurotransmitter at a receptor.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Drugs of Abuse
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Sample Questions
Q1) A long-time user of a substance who is experience an intense desire to seek and use the substance is likely experiencing:
A) drug cravings.
B) physical drug dependence.
C) relapse.
D) significant social and occupational difficulties.
Q2) Olds found that electrodes placed near the __________________ produced greater reinforcing effects than other places in the brain that he inserted the electrode.
A) hippocampus
B) hypothalamus
C) nucleus accumbens
D) medial forebrain bundle
Q3) If someone is planning out a series of steps,such as getting money and driving to meet a dealer,to obtain a drug of abuse,which structure is likely mediating these plans?
A) Nucleus accumbens
B) Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
C) Amygdala
D) Hypothalamus
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7
Chapter 6: Psychostimulants
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ephreda serves as an herbal cold remedy to due containing psychstimulant compounds.
A)True
B)False
Q2) For a time,cocaine was an ingredient in Coca Cola softdrinks.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Appetite-supressing drugs are called:
A) anxiolytics.
B) anorectics.
C) angiotensics.
D) antipsychotics.
Q4) Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART)has all of the following functions or effects except:
A) produces psychostimulant effects.
B) counteracts effects produced by a psychostimulant.
C) elevates dopamine levels.
D) decreases locomotor activity.
Q5) Amphetamines,cocaine,and cathinones all increase levels of ______________ in the nucleus accumbens.
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Chapter 7: Nicotine and Caffeine
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Sample Questions
Q1) Aside from nicotine,other compounds found in tobacco have been shown to:
A) inhibit monoamine oxidase.
B) block dopamine membrane transporters.
C) inhibit acetylcholinesterase.
D) increase dopamine synthesis.
Q2) Why might an expert on nicotine pharmacology think of nicotine as a functional antagonist?
A) While nicotine can activate a nicotinic receptor, ions fail to pass through the open ion channel.
B) Nicotine binds to the neurotransmitter site but does not activate the receptor.
C) An agonist causes the receptor to have a longer period of time in a desensitized state than an activated state.
D) A nicotinic receptor's ion channel cause positively charged ions to exit a neuron rather than enter it.
Q3) Some of the metabolites of caffeine are found in teas.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the process of nicotinic receptor activation and desensitization.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Alcohol
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Sample Questions
Q1) Alcohol acts as a ________________ for GABAA receptors.
A) positive modulator
B) agonist
C) antagonist
D) negative modulator
Q2) A process that separates alcohol from a fermented mixture in order to provide a concentrated alcohol solution is called:
A) fermentation.
B) osmosis.
C) filtration.
D) distillation.
Q3) A value that represents twice the percentage of alcohol in a drink is called:
A) percentage alcohol.
B) alcohol by volume.
C) proof of alcohol.
D) concentration of alcohol.
Q4) ________ alcohol addiction occurs among those at least 25 years and has low genetic risk but high psychosocial risk.
Q5) Describe the two types of reversible drug-induced dementia described in the text.
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Chapter 9: GHP and Inhalants
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Sample Questions
Q1) In addition to depressant effects,GHB produces:
A) antidepressant effects.
B) stimulant effects, which occur before its depressant effects.
C) hallucinations, but only with high doses.
D) a thiamine deficiency, which can, like alcohol, lead to Wernicke-Korsakoff's syndrome.
Q2) An inhalant referred to as poppers is called:
A) ethylene.
B) toulene.
C) nitrous oxide.
D) amyl nitrite.
Q3) Gamma-butyrolactone (GBL)is a schedule ____________ controlled substance.
Q4) What are the reasons why weightlifters believed that GHB promoted muscle growth?
Q5) If someone is stumbling around a room and running into things after using an inhalant,he is probably in which stage of an inhalant's effects?
A) Stage 3
B) Stage 4
C) Stage 1
D) Stage 2
Q6) GHB is used for a sleep disorder called ____________.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Opioids
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Sample Questions
Q1) A semisynthetic opioid:
A) contains components that occur naturally and other components produced synthetically.
B) is a prodrug that produces an opioid drug as an active metabolite.
C) is a synthetically made compound identical to the same compound produced naturally.
D) is an opioid synthesized from a naturally occurring opioid.
Q2) Physiological withdrawal symptoms from opioid use are related to the:
A) socioeconomic status of an opioid user.
B) reasons user become addicted to opioids.
C) manner that opioids were typically used.
D) physiological effects of opioids.
Q3) What affect on reinforcing effects will the combination of an opioid agonist with an opioid antagonist have?
A) The antagonist will produce pain, thereby precluding someone from enjoying the reinforcing effects produced by the agonist.
B) There will be no competing effects since they act on different receptors.
C) The antagonist will enhance the reinforcing effects of the agonist.
D) The antagonist will reduce the reinforcing effects of the agonist.
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Chapter 11: Cannabinoids
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Sample Questions
Q1) The presence of benzanthracene and benzpyrene in cannabis suggests that
A) cannabinoids are metabolized in some cannabis plant species.
B) antioxidants may further contribute to the reduced cancer risk from smoking cannabis cigarettes.
C) THC cancels out the effects of carcinogens, making cannabis cigarettes safe to smoke.
D) while THC may treat cancer, its vehicle may increase cancer risk.
Q2) The presence of endogenous cannabinoid receptors indicates that humans have adapted to using cannabis.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In addition to 2-arachidonoylglycerol,another endocannabinoid is _________.
Q4) CB1 receptor agonists may produce reinforcing effects by
A) increasing dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens.
B) increasing serotonin levels in the raphe nucleus.
C) decreasing dopamine levels in hippocampus.
D) activating opioid neurons in the ventral tegmental area.
Q5) The storage of delta-9-THC in body fat prevents all effects from delta-9-THC.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Psychedelic Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) NBOMe,or n-bomb,hallucinogens all
A) act on norepinephrine membrane transporter.
B) produce hallucinations before causing unconsciousness.
C) are derived from hallucinogen Central American plants.
D) have N-methoxybenzyl in their chemical structures.
Q2) A feeling of having heightened senses from using MDMA can occur
A) only after consuming alcohol with MDMA.
B) at low doses.
C) only at high doses.
D) only at doses that produce significant physiological effects.
Q3) Entactogen refers to enhanced empathy.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The psychoactive constituent in Salvia divinorum is
A) salvinorin A.
B) psilocybin.
C) mescaline.
D) ergot.
Q5) Why did therapists find the use of LSD appealing for psychotherapy?
Q6) How do hallucinogens affect sensory processing systems in the brain?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Treatments for Depression and Bipolar Disorder
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe at least two findings that support the monoamine hypothesis of depression.
Q2) A musculoskeletal disorder characterized by widespread pain occurring as muscle tenderness in addition to psychological symptoms is
A) a serotonin discontinuation syndrome.
B) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
C) Parkinson's disease.
D) fibromyalgia syndrome.
Q3) Using one medication to adjust the effects of another medication is called A) a combination drug strategy.
B) co-therapeutic drug use.
C) off-label drug use.
D) dual prescription therapy.
Q4) Difficulty making decisions is a symptom of depression.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A(n)________ MAO inhibitor temporarily binds to MAO.
Q6) Persistent depressive disorder is also known as ________.
Q7) Name and describe two types of adverse effects associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Treatments for Anxiety Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why might an anticonvulsant drug be effective for anxiety?
A) It exhibits neuroprotective effects.
B) It is a positive modulator for GABAA receptors.
C) It is an antagonist for NMDA receptors.
D) It is a partial agonist GABAA receptors.
Q2) A person who engages in a ritual of checking the locks on his doors multiple times before going to bed could have A) a specific phobia.
B) posttraumatic stress disorder.
C) obsessive compulsive disorder.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.
Q3) In addition to their efficacy for depression,antidepressant drugs also treat A) anxiety disorders.
B) pain disorders.
C) memory disorders.
D) sleep disorders.
Q4) Describe the differences between the tonic phase and the phasic phase of PTSD.
Q5) In the study by Liu and colleagues (2012),how did they use optogenetics to activate a specific fear memory?
Page 16
Q6) Benzodiazepines are positive modulators for the ____________ receptor.
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Chapter 15: Antipsychotic Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Prior to a first diagnosis of schizophrenia,early signs of schizophrenia likely occur before this during the
A) prodromal phase of schizophrenia.
B) pre-schizophrenia phase.
C) early development phase of schizophrenia.
D) pre-cognitive phase of schizophrenia.
Q2) A hypothesis of schizophrenia that states that abnormal nervous system development leads to changes in the brain that cause schizophrenia is called the A) neurodegenerative hypothesis.
B) dopamine hypothesis.
C) prodromal hypothesis.
D) neurodevelopmental hypothesis.
Q3) In 1871,Ewald Hecker coined a mental disorder ___________,which later became known as schizophrenia.
A) hebephrenia
B) dementia praecox
C) nervous breakdown
D) cognitive dysmetria
Q4) How do antipsychotic drugs produce extrapyramidal side effects?
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