

Principles of Macroeconomics Exam Bank
Course Introduction
Principles of Macroeconomics introduces students to the fundamental concepts and analytical tools used to understand the economy as a whole. The course explores topics such as national income, economic growth, inflation, unemployment, monetary and fiscal policy, and international trade. Emphasizing real-world applications, students learn how governments and central banks influence economic activity and how various sectors of the economy interact. Through lectures, discussions, and practical examples, the course provides a solid foundation for understanding economic policy issues and the forces that shape the global economy.
Recommended Textbook
Macroeconomics 12th Edition by Roger A. Arnold
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26 Chapters
3323 Verified Questions
3323 Flashcards
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Page 2

Chapter 1: What Economics Is About
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159 Verified Questions
159 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In an interview an economist states,"This problem should be of greater concern to the federal government." We can explicitly put this statement in the category of A)microeconomics.
B)macroeconomics.
C)positive economics.
D)normative economics.
Answer: D
Q2) If it is discovered that using drugs enhances a person's chance of contracting a lethal disease,the cost of using drugs
A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)is not affected.
D)is irrelevant,since they are illegal anyway.
Answer: A
Q3) The higher the opportunity cost of making a new friend,the more likely one is to make a new friend,ceteris paribus.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 3

Chapter 2: Production Possibilities Frontier Framework
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Sample Questions
Q1) Give a definition of an advance in technology.Suppose that you are drawing a PPF for civilian goods and military goods,describe the effect on the PPF of an advance in technology in both civilian goods and military goods.How would the impact on the PPF be different if the technological improvement only helped in the production of military goods,but not civilian goods?
Answer: An advance in technology commonly refers to the ability to produce more output with a fixed amount of resources (or the same amount of output with a smaller amount of resources).When technology advances in the production of both products the PPF shifts outward.When technology advances in the production of military goods,but not civilian goods,the PPF shifts outward along the axis for military goods and the intercept remains constant along the axis for civilian goods.
Q2) A person has a comparative advantage in the production of a good when they can produce the product at a(n)________ opportunity cost compared to another person.
A)higher
B)increasing
C)lower
D)equal
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Supply and Demand: Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Refer to Exhibit 3-5.In the market shown,a rightward shift in supply from S<sub>1</sub> to S<sub>2</sub> could have been caused by
A)a decline in the number of buyers in the market.
B)a decline in the price of a substitute good.
C)a decrease in income (assuming the good is a normal good).
D)the granting of a subsidy to the producer.
E)none of the above
Answer: D
Q2) A demand curve is the graphical representation of the law of demand.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Refer to Exhibit 3-3.A movement from point W to point Z would have been the result of
A)a reduction in the price of good Y.
B)an increase in the number of buyers in the area where good Y is being sold.
C)a decrease in business taxes paid by the producers of good Y.
D)a decrease in the number of buyers in the area where good Y is being sold.
E)an increase in the price of good Y.
Answer: E
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Chapter 4: Prices: Free, controlled, and Relative
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Sample Questions
Q1) Refer to Exhibit 4-1.How many fewer units are exchanged because of the price ceiling than would have been exchanged at the equilibrium price?
A)50
B)60
C)65
D)100
Q2) There are two goods in the economy,apples and bread.The relative price of apples has increased.This could be due to
A)an increase in the absolute price of apples,ceteris paribus.
B)a decrease in the absolute price of bread,ceteris paribus.
C)a decrease in the absolute price of apples,ceteris paribus.
D)an increase in the absolute price of bread,ceteris paribus.
E)a and b
Q3) Price ceilings sometimes result in some buyers and sellers purchasing the good at prohibited prices.
A)True
B)False
Q4) List and describe the two major jobs performed by price.
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Chapter 5: Supply,demand,and Price: Applications
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Sample Questions
Q1) When universities charge students less than the equilibrium tuition for admission,they have to impose some nonprice-rationing device.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If a college sets its tuition __________ the equilibrium tuition,then it will have to use some form of nonprice-rationing device to determine who will be accepted for admission to the college.
A)above B)below
C)equal to D)all of the above
Q3) People who buy houses in good-weather locations receive this benefit absolutely for free.
A)True B)False
Q4) As discussed in the textbook,describe some policy changes the government could make in order to make it easier for people to buy houses.Using supply and demand analysis,explain how these policy changes could indirectly lead to fewer people being able to afford to purchase a home.
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Chapter 6: Macroeconomic Measurements, part I: Prices and Unemployment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose that 1983 is the base year for the Consumer Price Index (CPI)and in 2015 the CPI was 226.What does this "226" mean?
A)What cost $100 in 1983 on average cost 226 times as much in 2015.
B)What cost $100 in 1983 on average cost $226 more in 2015.
C)What cost $100 in 1983 on average cost 100/226 (or 0.44)times as much in 2015 (that is,it will cost $22 in 2015).
D)What cost $100 in 1983 on average cost $126 more in 2015.
Q2) If the CPI is 100 in the base year and 108 in the current year,how much did prices rise between the base year and the current year?
A)8 percent
B)108 percent
C)1.08 percent
D)0.08 percent
E)80 percent
Q3) Some economists argue that the recent relatively high rate of unemployment has resulted in part from the fact that a part of the workforce has not made the adjustment to new technologies.
A)True
B)False

Page 8
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Chapter 7: Macroeconomic Measurements, part II: GDP and

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Sample Questions
Q1) The sum of durable goods,nondurable goods,and services equals A)investment.
B)fixed investment.
C)government purchases.
D)consumption.
E)net exports.
Q2) Sophia just bought shares of IBM stock for $20,000 and paid a $300 commission to her broker.How did this impact GDP?
A)GDP increased by $20,300
B)GDP increased by $300
C)GDP increased by $20,000
D)GDP increased by $19,700
E)it had no impact on GDP
Q3) Which of the following would not be included in the measurement of GDP?
A)a bill from a car mechanic
B)wages of a card dealer working in a Las Vegas casino
C)commissions of a stockbroker
D)the increased value of shares of stock
E)c and d
Q4) List and explain the two different approaches used to measure GDP.
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Chapter 8: Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
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Sample Questions
Q1) As the price level rises,ceteris paribus,people holding some of their wealth in monetary form become
A)less wealthy and they buy less.
B)more wealthy and they buy more.
C)less wealthy and they buy more.
D)more wealthy and they buy less.
Q2) As income taxes rise,disposable income __________,causing __________ the AD curve.
A)increases;movement down along B)increases;a rightward shift of C)decreases;movement up along D)decreases;a leftward shift of
Q3) An adverse supply shock results in an increase in the price level and an increase in Real GDP.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Only a change in the price level can cause a movement from one point to another point along a given aggregate demand curve.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Classical Macroeconomics and the
Self-Regulating Economy
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Sample Questions
Q1) When consumers start to spend less and save more,classical macroeconomists believe that interest rates will then ______________ resulting in a(n)________________ in investment.
A)rise;increase B)fall;increase C)fall;decrease D)rise;decrease
Q2) Suppose the AD curve and the SRAS curve intersect to the left of the LRAS curve.Which of the following is true?
A)The economy is in a recessionary gap.
B)The economy is in an inflationary gap.
C)The economy is in a long-run equilibrium.
D)This situation is actually impossible.
Q3) According to classical economists,if interest rates are flexible, A)saving will equal investment.
B)saving may be greater than investment.
C)saving may be less than investment.
D)any of the above
Q4) Explain the policy implications of the classical economists' beliefs.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Keynesian Macroeconomics and Economic
Instability: a Critique of the Self-Regulating Economy
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183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is consistent with what Keynes believed about consumption and disposable income?
A)Consumption depends upon disposable income and falls as disposable income rises.
B)Consumption rises by the same amount as disposable income rises.
C)Consumption rises by less than disposable income rises.
D)Disposable income depends upon consumption.
Q2) Keynes believed that investment is
A)dependent on a number of factors,including business expectations.
B)mainly determined by changes in interest rates.
C)unrelated to business expectations.
D)related to business expectations only during recessionary periods.
Q3) Refer to Exhibit 10-1.At Q<sub>1</sub>,there is a tendency for Real GDP to A)rise.
B)fall.
C)remain unchanged.
D)There is not enough information to answer this question.
Q4) In a simple Keynesian model,the aggregate supply curve is upward sloping. A)True
B)False

Page 12
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Chapter 11: Fiscal Policy and the Federal Budget
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some economists believe that higher marginal income tax rates __________ the incentive to work and thus shift the __________.
A)increase;AD curve to the right
B)increase;SRAS curve to the right
C)increase;SRAS curve to the left
D)decrease;AD curve to the left
E)decrease;SRAS curve to the left
Q2) That part of the deficit that results from a downturn in economic activity is called the __________ deficit.
A)net
B)gross
C)cyclical
D)structural
Q3) Keynesians believe
A)in laissez-faire.
B)that equilibrium may exist at less than full employment.
C)in the use of fiscal policy to stabilize the economy.
D)b and c
E)all of the above
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Money,banking,and the Financial System
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121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Moral hazard occurs when the parties on once side of the market,who have information not known to others,self select in a way that adversely affects the parties on the other side of the market.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When a country imposes capital controls,it is controlling the A)amount of money flowing in or out of the country.
B)amount of reserves that banks must hold.
C)portion of bank deposits that must be held at its central bank.
D)portion of bank deposits that must be used for loans to the government.
Q3) Small-denomination time deposits are part of M2,but not part of M1.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following represents a double coincidence of wants?
A)Smith has what Jones has and neither wants what the other has.
B)Smith has what Jones wants but Jones doesn't have what Smith wants.
C)Smith has what Jones wants and Jones has what Smith wants.
D)Smith wants what Jones has,Jones wants what Brown has,and Brown wants what Smith has.
E)none of the above

Page 14
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Chapter 13: The Federal Reserve System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why does the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York hold a permanent seat on the FOMC?
A)The New York Fed is responsible for executing open market operations.
B)A substantial amount of financial activity takes place in New York City.
C)The Fed Board of Governors holds its regularly scheduled meetings in New York City.
D)The Federal Reserve Bank of New York is the original Fed district;the other eleven districts were formed later by the Banking Act of 1935
E)a and b
Q2) The members of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve are
A)elected by a vote of the Federal Reserve District Bank presidents.
B)appointed by the President of the United States with approval by the Senate.
C)appointed by the Congress with approval by the President of the United States.
D)elected by a general election of the citizens of the United States.
Q3) To limit political influence on Fed policy,the terms of the Fed Board of Governors are staggered so that one new appointment is made every four years to coincide with the presidential elections.
A)True
B)False
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Page 15

Chapter 14: Money and the Economy
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Sample Questions
Q1) In seeking to explain what determines GDP,monetarists focus on the money supply while Keynesians focus on the spending components of total expenditures.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Ceteris paribus,the greater the increase in the money supply,the __________ the inflation rate,the __________ the expected inflation rate,and the __________ the interest rate.
A)higher;higher;higher B)lower;lower;lower C)higher;lower;higher D)lower;higher;lower E)higher;lower;lower
Q3) Refer to Exhibit 14-1.What sequence of points shows the short- and long-run consequences of a fall in velocity under monetarist assumptions?
A)A-E-B
B)B-D-A
C)A-D-B
D)B-A
Q4) Describe the expectations (or Fisher)effect.
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Chapter 15: Monetary Policy
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Sample Questions
Q1) If the economy is in the liquidity trap,people think that A)the money supply will soon rise.
B)bond prices have nowhere to go but up.
C)bond prices will not change.
D)bond prices have nowhere to go but down.
E)none of the above
Q2) The economy is in the horizontal portion of the AS curve,there is no liquidity trap and investment is sensitive to changes in the interest rate.According to the Keynesian transmission mechanism,if the money supply increases the interest rate will __________,investment spending will __________,the AD curve will shift to the __________,and Real GDP will __________.
A)fall;rise;right;not change
B)fall;rise;left;rise
C)rise;rise;right;rise
D)fall;rise;right;fall
E)fall;fall;left;fall
Q3) Equilibrium in the money market exists when the quantity demanded of money equals the quantity supplied of money.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Expectations Theory and the Economy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Refer to Exhibit 16-2.Suppose the economy starts at point A.Fed monetary policy shifts the AD curve to AD<sub>2</sub>.A rise in Real GDP is likely if the economy operates under __________ assumptions,such as wage and price __________.
A)new classical;flexibility
B)new classical;inflexibilities
C)new Keynesian;flexibility
D)new Keynesian;inflexibilities
Q2) Refer to Exhibit 16-10.Assume that the starting point is point 1.Suppose that the government implements expansionary fiscal policy that raises aggregate demand.Which of the following best goes with the diagram shown?
A)New classical theory with policy incorrectly anticipated,bias downward
B)New classical theory with policy incorrectly anticipated,bias upward
C)Real business cycle theory
D)New classical theory with policy unanticipated
E)Policy ineffectiveness proposition (PIP)
Q3) Explain the difference between how adaptive expectations are formed and how rational expectations are formed.How does this difference affect the speed at which economic variables are expected to change?
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Chapter 17: Economic Growth: Resources, technology, ideas, and Institutions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The economist credited with pioneering the "new growth theory" is A)Milton Friedman.
B)Jia-Tzu Weng.
C)Paul Romer.
D)Julian Simon.
Q2) Refer to Exhibit 17-5.Based on the equation given in this exhibit,if your motivation to learn rises from 7 to 9,by how much will the amount of learning acquired rise as a result?
A)2
B)0.8
C)1.6
D)8
Q3) An economy growing at a steady rate of 3.1 percent per year doubles in size approximately every __________ years.
A)40
B)23
C)32
D)16
Q4) Describe new growth theory.Explain how it differs from neoclassical growth theory.
Page 19
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Chapter 18: The Financial Crisis of 2007-2009
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Sample Questions
Q1) For financial institutions,securitization is the means by which regulatory capital arbitrage lowers capital requirements.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following bank assets declined in value in the mid-2000s?
A)subprime loans
B)mortgage-backed securities
C)collateralized debt obligations
D)nontraditional loans
E)all of the above
Q3) If the value of a bank's assets is rising,a high leverage ratio increases the percentage rise in its capital.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe how,according to some economists,the Fed's actions and the"global savings glut" both contributed to rising U.S.housing prices in the early 2000s.
Q5) When housing prices rise,homeowners gain equity in their homes.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: Debates in Macroeconomics Over the Role and Effects
of Government
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Sample Questions
Q1) The process whereby votes are exchanged to gain support for legislation is referred to as
A)logrolling.
B)rational ignorance.
C)simple majority voting.
D)special interest voting.
E)a and d
Q2) A candidate who understands that in a two-person race the person closer to the center of the voter distribution will win is likely to
A)first take polls to figure out what the voters are thinking and then afterward propose policies that are consistent with the polls.
B)first put forth his or her views on a whole host of issues and then afterward take polls to see if the majority of voters agree with him.
C)speak in specific terms about what needs to be done.
D)a and c
E)b and c
Q3) What is the median voter model? Describe four different ways in which this theory is predicted to impact the behavior of political candidates.
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Chapter 20: Public Choice and Special-Interest-Group
Politics
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Sample Questions
Q1) The higher the cost of talking on a cell phone in public (in terms of being perceived by others as rude)the less likely one is to do so.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Economists often evaluate a theory in terms of how consistently and accurately it predicts what happens.Implicit in this position is the belief that
A)if the theory's predictions are consistently accurate,then there is a fairly good chance that the theory is a good explanation of how things work.
B)if the theory's predictions are consistently accurate,then there is a fairly good chance that the theory will be accepted by others.
C)if the theory's predictions are consistently accurate,then there is a fairly good chance that the theory's assumptions (even if they initially seem unrealistic)capture something that is essential to explaining what it is that the theory is trying to explain.
D)all of the above
Q3) Identify and describe each step of the five-step process outlined in the textbook for building and testing theories.
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Chapter 21: Building Theories to Explain Everyday Life: From
Observations to Questions to Theories to Predictions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The sale of goods abroad at a price below their cost and below the price charged in the domestic market is called
A)priming.
B)coping.
C)invading.
D)dumping.
Q2) Global technologies,such as electronics,have made up a significant portion of the recent wave of manufacturing offshoring.
A)True
B)False
Q3) International trade exists because countries
A)can make themselves better off through trade.
B)want to be neighborly with each other.
C)want to be political allies.
D)want to improve diplomatic relations with each other.
E)want to avoid war with each other.
Q4) Explain why the government is often more responsive to producer interests than to consumer interests when it comes to the imposition of tariffs and quotas.
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Chapter 22: International Trade
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Sample Questions
Q1) The U.S.dollar currently serves as the "unit of account" of major global products.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Suppose that prices in France increase by 8 percent while prices in the United States remain relatively stable.We would expect that (on the foreign exchange market)the demand for U.S.dollars will __________ and the supply of U.S.dollars will
A)increase;decrease
B)increase;increase
C)decrease;decrease
D)decrease;increase
Q3) If Japanese real interest rates fall relative to real interest rates in the U.S. ,the yen will likely appreciate and the dollar will likely depreciate.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the type of international monetary system that is currently in use.What advantages do proponents of this type of system cite in support of its use? What disadvantages do its opponents cite?
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Page 24

Chapter 23: International Finance
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Sample
Questions
Q1) When real interest rates in the United States rise relative to real interest rates in Japan,what is the impact on the U.S.price level? Explain your answer using AD-SRAS analysis.
Q2) The average tariff rate in the US today is about 40 percent,but it was only 1.6 percent in 1946.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is not a result of a reduction in the federal budget deficit?
A)a lower real interest rate
B)an appreciation of the currency
C)a rise in exports
D)a fall in the price of foreign inputs
Q4) In 1946 the average tariff rate in the United States was around ___________ percent,while the average tariff in 2012 was about ____________ percent.
A)14.0;2.4
B)18.7;12.8
C)40.0;1.8
D)30.2;21.0
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Page 25

Chapter 24: Globalization and International Impacts on the Economy
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the case of externalities,government can use taxes and subsidies to turn an inefficient outcome into an efficient outcome.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The federal government and many state governments gave tax credits to first-time home buyers in 2009 and 2010.An effect of these tax credits was to
A)make the price of houses higher than they would have been without the tax credit.
B)lower house prices.
C)shift the demand curve for houses leftward.
D)b and c
E)none of the above
Q3) In making the case against government,discuss the two main points about special interest groups.
Q4) A divisive society is one in which members of society work together for the common good.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 25: The Economic Case for and Against
Government: Five Topics Considered
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Sample Questions
Q1) When an investor buys shares of stock,those stocks must be held for a specified period of time before they can be sold.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If you are buying a bond that is newly issued by the corporation,you are buying it in the primary market.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The original Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA)contained ____________ stocks,while the DJIA now consists of ____________ stocks.
A)10;500
B)11;30
C)15;50
D)20;60
Q4) The federal government began issuing inflation-indexed Treasury bonds in A)1913.
B)1989.
C)1997.
D)2001.
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Chapter 26: Stocks, bonds, futures, and Options
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Sample Questions
Q1) The formula for determining the production flexibility contract payment is:
A)contract acreage x 0.75 x yield per acre x crop payment rate.
B)contract acreage x 0.85 x yield per acre x $1.
C)contract acreage x 0.85 x yield per acre x crop payment rate.
D)contract acreage - (0.85 x contract acreage)x yield per acre x crop payment rate.
E)There is no formula for the production flexibility contract payment.There is only a flat fee that changes annually.
Q2) Refer to Exhibit 39-7.Let E<sub>1</sub> represent the initial equilibrium in the market for X.A combination of population growth and an increase in agricultural productivity will likely result in a new equilibrium at
A)E<sub>2</sub>.
B)E<sub>3</sub>.
C)E4.
D)E5.
E)E4 or E5,depending on the extent of income elasticity of demand.
Q3) Explain how the combination of major changes in the weather and price inelasticity of demand for a food item can lead to wide fluctuations in a farmer's income from year to year.
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