Principles of Human Development Pre-Test
Questions
Course Introduction
Principles of Human Development explores the biological, psychological, and social processes that shape growth and change from conception through old age. Through an examination of major developmental theories, milestones, and research findings, the course provides students with foundational knowledge about the physical, cognitive, and social-emotional domains of development. Students will investigate the influences of genetics, environment, culture, and individual differences, as well as consider the implications of developmental principles for education, intervention, and well-being across the lifespan.
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Essentials of Life Span Development 3rd Edition by John Santrock
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17 Chapters
2255 Verified Questions
2255 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Going by current trends, 86-year-old Matilda is likely to be living:
A) with a spouse.
B) with children.
C) by herself.
D) with grandchildren.
Answer: C
Q2) This theorist proposed eight psychosocial stages of development.
Answer: Erik Erikson
Q3) Late adulthood is a time of:
A) life review, adjustment to new social roles, and diminishing strength and health.
B) expanding personal and social involvement and responsibility.
C) establishing personal and economic independence and advancing in a career.
D) selecting a mate, learning to live with that person in an intimate way, starting a family, and rearing children.
Answer: A
Q4) A method of gathering data by means of observing behaviors in real-world settings, making no effort to manipulate or control the situation.
Answer: Naturalistic observation
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3
Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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148 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) List three possible causes of infertility in women and in men.
Answer: Lack of ovulation, producing abnormal ova, blocked fallopian tubes, and disease preventing implantation of the ova in the uterus, are some of the causes of infertility in women. Sperm lacking motility, low sperm count, and blocked passageways could be causes of infertility in men.
Q2) The _____ provides an environment that is temperature and humidity controlled, as well as shockproof.
A) placental wall
B) pericardial fluid
C) umbilical cord
D) amniotic fluid
Answer: D
Q3) Paul suffers from hemophilia. Suggest an appropriate treatment option for Paul's condition.
A) Insulin
B) Blood transfusions/injections
C) Physical therapy
D) Corrective surgery at birth
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) When Abraham describes to his friend what he did last summer on vacation, he is relying on his _____ memory.
A) implicit
B) explicit
C) procedural
D) semantic
Answer: B
Q2) Infants usually double their birth weight by the age of:
A) one month.
B) one year.
C) four months.
D) eight months.
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following statements about perception in infants is true?
A) Infants are not able to perceive the localization of a sound.
B) Newborns cannot hear soft sounds quite as well as adults can.
C) Infants are very sensitive to the pitch of a sound.
D) Infants are not able to perceive pain.
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Socioemotional Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following emotions is expressed by infants in the first six months of life?
A) Shame
B) Embarrassment
C) Jealousy
D) Fear
Q2) Insecure avoidant babies show:
A) displeasure by violently reacting to the situation.
B) insecurity by avoiding the caregiver.
C) secure attachment to the caregiver.
D) insecurity by avoiding the stranger.
Q3) One study of 2- and 3-year-old children revealed that an increase in the number of child-care arrangements the children experienced is linked to a(n):
A) decrease in reciprocal socialization.
B) increase in behavioral problems.
C) increase in prosocial behavior.
D) increase in secure attachment.
Q4) This theorist suggested that the primary "task" for infants was to develop a sense of trust in others.
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Chapter 5: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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147 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and someone else's perspective is known as _____.
A) animism
B) empathy
C) egocentrism
D) symbolism
Q2) What are the current areas of controversy in early childhood education?
Q3) Deaths in young children due to HIV/AIDS especially occur in countries:
A) in the northern hemisphere.
B) with high rates of poverty and low levels of education.
C) where other common children's health problems like malnutrition do not exist.
D) where the society is affluent.
Q4) Guidelines recommend that preschool children engage in _____ of physical activity per day.
A) half an hour
B) two hours
C) one hour
D) four hours
Page 7
Q5) The awareness of one's own mental processes and the mental processes of others.
Q6) Describe two reasons for developmental changes in memory span.
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Page 8
Chapter 6: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
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Q1) Firstborn and only children are alike in that both are _____ than later-born children.
A) more anxious
B) less self-controlled
C) more dependent on adults
D) more achievement-oriented
Q2) What are some of the differences between emotion-coaching and emotion-dismissing parents?
Q3) Which of the following fuels gender typing?
A) Gender schemas
B) Gender identity
C) Gender bias
D) Gender mismatch
Q4) According to Baumarind, a parent who is very uninvolved in a child's life, showing neither responsiveness nor control, is displaying a _____ parenting style.
A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) indulgent
D) neglectful
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person's mental age divided by chronological age (CA), multiplied by 100 would indicate that person's:
A) emotional quotient.
B) intelligence quotient.
C) level of mental development relative to others.
D) cognitive maturity.
Q2) Which type of cancer is most prevalent in children?
A) Leukemia
B) Lung cancer
C) Brain cancer d, Skin cancer
Q3) During elementary school years, head circumference and waist circumference:
A) increase in relation to body height.
B) decrease in relation to body weight.
C) increase in relation to body weight.
D) decrease in relation to body height.
Q4) Individuals who fall into the profoundly mentally retarded classification:
A) are able to live independently as adults.
B) can attain a second-grade level of skills.
C) learn to talk and accomplish very simple tasks.
D) need constant supervision.
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Chapter 8: Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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141 Verified Questions
141 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following results do advocates of statewide standardized testing argue will be positive outcomes of the testing?
A) Increased emphasis on the education of gifted students
B) Increased student performance and more time teaching subjects tested
C) A holistic approach to testing a student's social skills, flexible thinking, and creativity
D) Integration of all learning styles and teaching styles into the curricula
Q2) Leilani is in a class where the teacher emphasizes learning through things like drama productions, team activities, and a variety of other activities. The class works in cooperative groups for history reports and science projects. Identify the teaching style that Leilani's teacher is utilizing.
Q3) List and describe the levels of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development.
Q4) Males report experiencing and expressing more _____ than do females.
A) joy
B) fear
C) anger
D) shame
Q5) The third level of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning. At this (the highest) level, morality is more internal.
Page 11
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) The U.S. adolescent birth rate decreased by _____ percent from 2007 to 2009.
A) 20
B) 8
C) 40
D) 15
Q2) A high school principal sends home a letter to parents stating that she is instituting a service learning component and all students are required to participate. What is service learning? When is it most effective, and why would schools want to use them?
Q3) Which of the following is one of the main characteristics that applies to people suffering from anorexia nervosa?
A) Precocious puberty in girls
B) Amenorrhea in girls who have reached puberty
C) Body weight that falls in the 98th percentile of the BMI scale
D) Binge eating followed by purging
Q4) A period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that occurs primarily during adolescence.
Q5) Discuss the importance of controlling one's attention during adolescence.
Page 12
Q6) What are the characteristics of the formal operational stage?
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Chapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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139 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who among the following are LEAST likely to exhibit suicidal behavior?
A) American Indian/Alaska Native female adolescents
B) American Indian/Alaska Native male adolescents
C) Latino female adolescents
D) African American male adolescents
Q2) For Erikson, delinquency is an attempt to establish _____, even if it is a negative one.
A) generativity
B) autonomy
C) identity
D) transitivity
Q3) Immigration involves _____, which has increasingly occurred in the United States as children and adolescents serve as mediators for their immigrant parents.
A) cultural brokering
B) cultural isolation
C) ethnic cleansing
D) cultural bias
Q4) An adolescent group structure that is usually formed based on reputation. Members may or may not spend time together.
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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140 Verified Questions
140 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The invisible barrier to career advancement that prevents women and ethnic minorities from holding managerial or executive jobs regardless of their accomplishments and merits is known as the:
A) brick wall.
B) glass wall.
C) glass ceiling.
D) invisible ceiling.
Q2) All of the following are key features identified by Jeffrey Arnett as characterizing emerging adulthood EXCEPT:
A) stability.
B) identity exploration.
C) being self-focused.
D) feeling "in-between."
Q3) Emerging adults have _____ chronic health problems, and they have _____ colds and respiratory problems than when they were children.
A) few; fewer
B) several; far more
C) many; fewer
D) hardly any; significantly higher
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Chapter 12: Socioemotional Development in Early
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) With regard to the timing of remarriage, in the United States:
A) men tend to remarry sooner than women do.
B) women tend to remarry sooner than men do.
C) men with lower incomes are more likely to remarry than their counterparts who have high incomes.
D) men and women have an equal likelihood of remarrying.
Q2) According to Tannen, women enjoy _____ talk more than _____ talk.
A) rapport; report
B) informational; interactive
C) factual; emotional
D) public; private
Q3) In Sternberg's view, an affair or a fling in which there is little intimacy and even less commitment is an example of _____.
A) infatuation
B) consummation
C) fatuous love
D) companionate love
Q4) This form of love is also called passionate love, or eros. It has strong sexual and infatuation components and often predominates in the early period of a love relationship.
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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110 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ is a term that is used to describe the midlife transition in which fertility declines.
A) Puberty
B) Menarche
C) Spermarche
D) Climacteric
Q2) Which of the following is at fault in many erectile problems in middle-aged men?
A) Diabetes
B) Low blood pressure
C) Low level of NK cells
D) Too much physical activity
Q3) Cholesterol can be lowered in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
A) regular exercise.
B) changes in diet to include foods low in saturated fat.
C) changes in diet to include foods that are low in cholesterol.
D) liposuction.
Q4) This theorist referred to midlife as "the afternoon of life."
Q5) This theorist initiated the Seattle Longitudinal Study that involves extensive evaluations of intellectual abilities in the adult years.
Q6) The term given to age-related loss of muscle mass and strength. Page 16
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Page 17
Chapter 14: Socioemotional Development in Middle
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Across a 10-year period, which of the following Big Five personality factors did NOT predict health outcomes involving physical health, blood pressure, and number of days limited at work or home due to physical health factors?
A) Agreeableness
B) Extraversion
C) Openness
D) Neuroticism
Q2) Which of the following statements about intergenerational relations is true?
A) Individuals who had conflicts with their parents in adolescence reported greater closeness with their parents in early adulthood.
B) Similarity between parents and an adult child is most noticeable in religion and politics.
C) Children who spent less time in shared activities with their parents earlier in their lives provided more support to their parents as they became older.
D) Parents who smoked early and often, and who persisted in becoming regular smokers, were less likely to have adolescents who became smokers.
Q3) The name Erikson gave to the seventh stage in his life-span theory.
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Page 18
Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements regarding smell and taste in the elderly is true?
A) There is no sign of decline in these senses as we age.
B) Older adults show a greater decline in their sense of taste than in their sense of smell.
C) Smell and taste decline less in healthy older adults than in their less healthy counterparts.
D) Smell and taste become more sensitive as we age.
Q2) The tiny bodies within cells that supply essential energy for function, growth, and repair are known as:
A) Lewy bodies.
B) ribosomes.
C) chromosomes.
D) mitochondria.
Q3) The brain messenger chemical _____ plays an important role in memory.
A) serotonin
B) acetylcholine
C) noradrenaline
D) oxytocin
Q4) What are some of the non-cognitive factors that affect memory?
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Chapter 16: Socioemotional Development in Late
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) The majority of divorced older adults are women due to:
A) their tendency to initiate divorce procedures.
B) their greater longevity.
C) their tendency to remarry quickly.
D) men's tendency to delay remarriage.
Q2) Prejudice against individuals because of their age, especially prejudice against older adults.
Q3) In which of the following scenarios is the need for compensation for older adults the most obvious?
A) Reminiscing on life's regrets
B) Watching soaps on TV
C) Being bedridden due to illness
D) Narrating bedtime stories to grandchildren
Q4) A low level of social integration is linked with:
A) an improved sense of well-being among older adults.
B) a more peaceful life for older adults.
C) poorer health and earlier death in older adults.
D) a more active lifestyle.
Page 20
Q5) Therapy that involves discussing past activities and experiences with another individual or group.
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Chapter 17: Death, Dying, and Grieving
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Q1) Which of the following is Kübler-Ross' fifth stage of dying?
A) Depression
B) Acceptance
C) Bargaining
D) Anger
Q2) Turning off a respirator or a heart-lung machine is an example of _____ euthanasia.
A) active
B) deliberate
C) passive
D) sustained
Q3) Basilio sustained severe and irreversible brain damage due to an accidental overdose of insulin. His wife and his children decided to remove the life-support system, and Basilio subsequently died. This is an example of:
A) active euthanasia.
B) passive euthanasia.
C) natural euthanasia.
D) culturally acceptable euthanasia.
Q4) Define grief and discuss its major dimensions.
Q5) Define euthanasia. Describe the two types of euthanasia.
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