Principles of Early Childhood Development Pre-Test
Questions
Course Introduction
Principles of Early Childhood Development explores the fundamental theories, milestones, and processes that characterize the growth and learning of children from birth through eight years old. The course examines physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development, emphasizing the influence of family, culture, and environment on young children. Students will learn about key developmental domains, typical and atypical patterns, and the importance of play and relationships in fostering healthy development. The course also addresses how observation, assessment, and family engagement inform best practices in early childhood education and care.
Recommended Textbook
Effective Practices in Early Childhood Education Building a Foundation 2nd Edition by Sue Bredekamp
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16 Chapters
318 Verified Questions
318 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Continuity and Change in Early Childhood Education
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Q1) The group of children who are infants and toddlers fall into which of the following age groups?
A)Birth-12 months
B)Birth-18 months
C)Birth-24 months
D)Birth-36 months
Answer: D
Q2) Which employer-sponsored child care system is the largest in the world?
A)Head Start
B)Early Childhood Special Education Programs
C)The US Military
D)Universal Pre-kindergarten
Answer: C
Q3) According to estimations,what percentage of all young children in the United States will be Hispanic by 2030?
A)57%
B)25%
C)75%
D)10%
Answer: B
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Building on a Tradition of Excellence
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Q1) Which law extended services to children from birth to 3 years of age with emphasis on the role of families in early intervention?
A)PL 99-457
B)ADA
C)The Lanham Act
D)PL 94-142
Answer: A
Q2) What is the name of the approach developed by Lucy Sprague Mitchell where the educational philosophy emphasized children's firsthand experiences and play,and children's experiences in the "here and now" provided the launching pad for their learning?
A)Creative Curriculum
B)Bank Street
C)Pratt Prekindergarten
D)Child Study Movement
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Understanding and Applying Developmentally Appropriate Practice
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Q1) Which of the following learning contexts do effective teachers use to enhance learning and development in young children?
A)Periods of play and engagement where children guide their own activity with the support of teachers.
B)Only large group activities are used for concept development so the teacher can control the behaviors and learning.
C)A set time designated in each learning center so children will rotate through all learning enters including those they would not typically choose.
D)Technology and media to teach new concepts.
Answer: A
Q2) According to the textbook,"Effective Practice" equals
A)A sound schedule + A sound curriculum + A sound assessment
B)Knowing children + Knowing how to teach + Knowing what to teach
C)A community of learners + Educated staff + A diverse population of children
D)Assessments + Curriculum + Activities
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Applying What We Know About Childrens
Learning and Development
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Q1) How are learning theories different than developmental theories?
A)In learning theories changes are linked to the environment and developmental theories are linked to the past experiences of the child
B)Learning theories are based on consequences of behavior and developmental theories are changes based on an unpleasant consequence
C)Learning theories apply in the same way regardless of the age of the learner and developmental theories are linked to age-related changes in children.
D)In learning theories learning occurs regardless original abilities and the opposite is true in developmental theories
Q2) Explain why it is important to study child development.
Q3) Explain the effects of culture on parenting styles.
Q4) What is the type of play describes when a child uses one thing to represent something else such as a block becomes a car or a hairbrush becomes a baby bottle for a doll?
A)Functional Play
B)Constructive Play
C)Symbolic Play
D)Games with Rules
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Adapting for Individual Differences
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Q1) Describe why it is important for teachers to understand individual differences in young children.
Q2) What are the inherited or experiential conditions that potentially contribute to poor outcomes for children?
A)Nature
B)Behavior
C)Nurture
D)Risk Factors
Q3) A child who is behind expectations for his or her age group,which occurs in one or more of the following areas: physical development,cognitive development,communication development,social or emotional development,or adaptive development may be in which category of exceptionality?
A)Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder ADHD
B)Down Syndrome
C)Developmental Delay
D)Language Delayed
Q4) Name two recipients who benefit from the practice of inclusion and then describe how they benefit.
Q5) Describe the learning cycle of differentiating instruction.
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Chapter 6: Embracing a Culturally and Linguistically
Diverse World
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Q1) Provide a scenario where a teacher may inaccurately make an assessment regarding a child's competency and ability due to either the culture of the child,or that the child is learning English as well as their home language.
Q2) What is the process where children learn expected rules of behavior?
A)Acculturation
B)Development
C)Adaptation
D)Integration
Q3) When the values of the group focuses on the needs of the individual,independence,self-expression,and personal property and choice,then the cultural orientation is thought to be what type of culture?
A)Collectivist Culture
B)Socialist Culture
C)Democratic Culture
D)Individualistic Cultural
Q4) Describe what it means to be bicultural and provide an example of how a teacher may promote this in the classroom.
Q5) Define culture and then describe how culture influences a child's development.
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Chapter 7: Building Effective Partnerships With Families
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Q1) According to the Ecological model,who would be considered part of a child's microsystem?
A)The media
B)The grandparents
C)Government programs
D)Health systems
Q2) Which of the following was NOT a reason the textbook gave as to why in recent years home visits have become less common?
A)Teacher Union contracts discourage them
B)Teachers do not feel safe
C)Home-Visits are time consuming
D)Home-Visits have not found to be effective
Q3) According to the US census,although it may be a variation of their biological parents,what percentage of children lives in a family with two married parents?
A)15%
B)25%
C)65%
D)85%
Q4) Summarize the principles of planning and conducting family conferences.
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Chapter 8: Creating a Caring Community of Learners: Guiding Young Children
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Q1) What is the term used for a classroom where children and adults engage in warm,positive relationships;treat each other with respect;and learn from and with each other?
A)Inclusive Classroom
B)An Early Childhood Program
C)A Caring Community of Learners
D)Social-Emotional Curriculum Classroom
Q2) When a teacher says to a child,"Let's go over here to dig in the sand",when two children want to dig in the same area,what strategy is the teacher using to support positive behavior in the classroom?
A)Ignoring
B)Redirection
C)Encouragement
D)Social Skill Development
Q3) Give an example of how the ABC's in a Functional Assessment can be used to reduce a challenging behavior
Q4) The textbook outlined steps in applying the Teaching Pyramid to biting.Summarize these three different levels.
Q5) Provide a strategy and an example for promoting emotional literacy.
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Chapter 9: Teaching to Enhance Learning and Development
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Q1) According to the research,how long should a teacher wait for a response after asking a question?
A)3 seconds
B)5 seconds
C)15 seconds
D)As much as 1 minute
Q2) When a teacher supports children in a task that they would not have been able to accomplish on their own,what teaching strategy is the teacher using?
A)Giving Direct or Explicit Instructions
B)Demonstrating
C)Modeling
D)Scaffolding
Q3) A child enjoys watching the birds at the window near the science center and looks for pictures in a book about birds,which term best describes the experiences or strategy?
A)Teaching Strategy
B)Teacher-Initiated Experience
C)Learning Strategy
D)Child-Initiated Experience
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Chapter 10: Planning Effective Curriculum
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Q1) What type of curriculum uses a broad topic of interest or a "big idea" to provide the basis for making connections across learning goals?
A)Thematic Curriculum
B)Programming Curriculum
C)Emergent Literacy Curriculum
D)Project Approach
Q2) Which two of following are the most widely used curriculum models in Head Start and public prekindergarten programs?
A)HighScope and Creative Curriculum
B)Tools of the Mind and Opening the World of Learning (OWL)
C)Core Knowledge and Bright Beginnings Pre-K program
D)Creative Curriculum and Tools of the Mind
Q3) Compare the differences between learning,content,and performance standards.
Q4) Make a checklist of five criteria you would use to review an early childhood curriculum.
Q5) Summarize how standards influence curriculum planning
Q6) Describe the phases involved in the project based curriculum approach.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Assessing Childrens Learning and Development
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Q1) What are the two stages in the identification of children with special needs?
A)Diagnostic Testing and Placement
B)Screening and Program Evaluation
C)Testing and Teaching
D)Screening and Diagnosis
Q2) What type of standardized test compares the student to a predetermined level of performance?
A)Performance Assessment
B)Norm-Referenced Test
C)Authentic Assessment
D)Criterion-Referenced Test
Q3) What is the process of holding teachers and schools responsible for meeting the required level of performance?
A)Evaluation
B)Accountability
C)Assessment
D)Observations
Q4) Provide an example of when to use informal assessments and when to use formal assessments.
Q5) Explain how teachers use assessment strategies to improve child outcomes.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Teaching Children to Communicate: Language, Literacy and the Arts
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Q1) Which method is the best way that children acquire language?
A)By watching educational programs on television or video
B)Through repeat exposure to individual words such as using picture flash cards
C)Through interactions with more competent speakers
D)By hearing others talk
Q2) Which is the best example of symbolic representation?
A)Child uses the word ball to stand for the an object that is round
B)Child drinks from a cup
C)Child uses a shovel to dig
D)Child plays in the water
Q3) What is the ability to communicate?
A)Syntax
B)Vocabulary
C)Receptive Language
D)Expressive Language
Q4) What type of story has a beginning,middle,and an end?
A)A Narrative
B)Dialogical Reading
C)A Typical Book
D)A Fantasy Book
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Chapter 13: Teaching Children to Investigate and Solve
Problems: Mathematics, Science, and Technology
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Q1) Which statement best explains the purpose of science?
A)To explain where we came from
B)To be able to explain the basic ideas of the properties of objects
C)To realize that we need to study more about the different systems
D)To study the physical and natural world,especially by observing and experimenting
Q2) According to the NAEYC Technology and Young Children Interest Forum 2008),how does technology affect learning?
A)"Technology does not drive purposeful learning;teachers' intentional instructional planning does"
B)"Technology remains neutral in the learning of young children,neither good nor bad."
C)"Currently we see no place of technology in an early childhood curriculum since it does not enhance learning for young children"
D)"Programs need to switch to a more comprehensive curriculum that includes technology in all areas of the child's environment.Technology is here to stay and children should start learning about it"
Q3) Explain what is meant by the "Language of Mathematics."
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Teaching Children to Live in a Democratic
Society:socialemotional Learning and Social Studies
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Q1) Explain how a teacher might respond to the individual differences in young children with regards to their social or emotional development.
Q2) What is vital in supporting children in social and emotional development?
A)Literacy
B)Siblings
C)Control
D)Play
Q3) What was a reason provided by the textbook on why it is important to integrate the teaching of social studies throughout the early childhood curriculum?
A)There is a limited amount of time during the day
B)Children really do not understand the concepts
C)Although an important content area,there is not much to teach in the area of social studies for young children
D)So that children can be read stories about social studies content such as Famous Americans
Q4) List five themes or concepts that could be taught in an early childhood social studies curriculum.
Q5) Describe the steps a teacher can use to teach problem-solving skills.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Teaching Children to Be Healthy and Fit:
Physical Development and Health
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Q1) In which sequence</emphasis> does muscle development begin with in young children?
A)Hands
B)Feet
C)Closest to the center of the body
D)In the muscles of the neck
Q2) Describe the benefits that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have determined to be gained through regular physical activity.
Q3) Describe the teacher's role for meeting health and safety standards in early childhood programs.
Q4) List the characteristics of an appropriate outdoor environment for young children.
Q5) Outline the components of a health,and safety curriculum for young children
Q6) Identify strategies that teachers can use to foster the gross motor development in young children.
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Q1) What are obligations that every teacher agrees to uphold with honesty,integrity,and respect?
A)Ethical Dilemmas
B)Ethical Responsibilities
C)Professional Ethics
D)Ethics
Q2) Describe the use of the NAEYC Code of Ethical Conduct in early childhood settings.
Q3) What is meant by engaging in continuous,collaborative learning to inform practice?
Q4) Which principle of ethical behavior takes precedent over all others?
A)Spare the rod and spoil the child
B)Do unto others as you wish them to do to you
C)Above all,we shall not harm the children
D)The customer (the parent)is always right
Q5) What are personal views about what is right and wrong and how to behave?
A)Ethical Dilemmas
B)Professional Ethics
C)Ethics
D)Morality
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