Principles of Drug Action Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Principles of Drug Action explores the fundamental mechanisms by which drugs interact with biological systems to produce therapeutic and adverse effects. This course covers the concepts of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, including drug receptors, dose-response relationships, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs. Students will examine how drugs modulate physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, and organ system levels, and the factors affecting variability in drug response. Emphasis is placed on understanding the basis for drug selection and dosing in clinical settings, as well as the science underlying drug development and safety.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology 8th Edition by Edmunds
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Chapter 1: Pharmacology and the Nursing Process in LPN Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) Medications may come in a unit-dose package with a bar code that is scanned by a computer.Which process should the nurse perform before administering unit-dose medication?
A) Remove each medication from the packaging.
B) Check the medications in alphabetic order.
C) Read the drug label at least three times.
D) Ask the patient to name each of his or her medications.
Answer: C
Q2) When information is reported by the patient,it is considered to be subjective data.Which statement is considered to be objective data?
A) The patient tells the nurse, "I have pain in my lower back."
B) Mr. Williams tells the nurse he is having trouble catching his breath.
C) Miss Sims has told the doctor she has no history of allergies to antibiotics.
D) The patient's skin is warm and dry.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Patient Teaching and Health Literacy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Poor literacy is a problem that interferes with a patient's ability to deal with the health care setting.What can contribute to a patient's literacy problems?
A) The patient is hearing-impaired.
B) The patient cannot read health content.
C) The patient's family is not involved.
D) The patient lives alone.
Answer: B
Q2) The nurse needs to teach a patient about the side effects of a medication she is taking.By what means will the nurse know whether the patient has learned the information she needs to know about her medication?
A) The patient can repeat the information.
B) The patient learns the information in her mind.
C) The patient remembers most of the information given.
D) The patient is selective with the information given.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Legal Aspects Affecting the Administration of Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is administering a controlled substance that is ordered in a smaller dose than what is available.What should the nurse do with the remaining amount of medication?
A) Save the remaining medication until the patient is scheduled to take the medication again.
B) Flush the remaining medication in the toilet in the patient's bathroom.
C) Ask another nurse to witness the waste, sign the inventory report, and document the situation.
D) Administer the dose that is available and not the smaller dose ordered.
Answer: C
Q2) What should the nurse do first if a controlled substance is accidentally spilled or contaminated?
A) Obtain another dose from the narcotic control system.
B) Document the occurrence in the medication record.
C) Clean up the spill and notify the supervisor.
D) Ask another nurse to cosign the inventory record describing the situation.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Foundations and Principles of Pharmacology
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Q1) Chemical names are different from trade or brand names because chemical names describe which of the following?
A) Atomic or molecular structure
B) Metabolic and chemical structure
C) Generic or chemical structure
D) Receptor and agonist structure
Q2) Medications have both trade and generic names.Which two medication names represent the same drug?
A) Demerol
B) Codeine
C) Valium
D) Morphine
E) Diazepam
Q3) What is the process by which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration?
A) Diffusion
B) Osmosis
C) Filtration
D) Solubility
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Chapter 5: Lifespan and Cultural Modifications
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Q1) What may the nurse question the patient about when performing a cultural assessment? (Select all that apply.)
A) Differences in values
B) Religious practices
C) Health practices
D) Tolerance practices
E) Political values and beliefs
Q2) Which individual would be at the highest risk for drug noncompliance?
A) A 2-year-old in a day care center
B) A 10-year-old receiving antibiotics for an ear infection
C) A 65-year-old on a fixed income taking multiple medications
D) A 95-year-old in a long-term care facility taking multiple medications
Q3) The nurse is counseling a young woman who is planning her pregnancy.She asks if there is anything she might do to help prevent birth defects in her unborn child.Which would be an appropriate response to the patient?
A) "There is no way you can prevent a natural condition."
B) "Birth defects only happen occasionally to some people."
C) "Eating a diet rich in iron may prevent or stop birth defects."
D) "Taking multivitamins with folic acid will help prevent birth defects."
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Page 7
Drugs for Health Promotion
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Q1) Which type of medicine is not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration?
A) Opioids
B) Hormones
C) Vitamins
D) Herbal therapy
Q2) The nurse is asked by a patient in the clinic if she should purchase an expensive brand-name multivitamin because the cheaper vitamin is not as good.Which would be the nurse's response to this patient?
A) "Expensive is always better with any product you buy."
B) "All vitamins are the same over the counter."
C) "Costs and manufacturers' claims don't mean proven effectiveness."
D) "The cost is determined by the color and the amount of pills in the container."
Q3) Which over-the-counter supplement would the nurse recommend for a postmenopausal woman?
A) Selenium
B) Calcium
C) Vitamin C
D) Folic acid
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Chapter 7: Preparing and Administering Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is done after giving medication through a nasogastric tube that is connected to suction?
A) The tube is reconnected to the suction.
B) The tube is clamped for 10 minutes and then reconnected to suction.
C) The tube is clamped for 30 minutes and then reconnected to suction.
D) The tube is left off for 4 hours and then reconnected to suction.
Q2) Which represents the proper way for a nurse to administer an oral capsule?
A) Tell the patient to swallow it whole.
B) Pierce it with a needle and squeeze into the mouth.
C) Crush and dilute it in warm water.
D) Tell the patient to chew it completely.
Q3) When a patient is experiencing a life-threatening emergency,the nurse may be given an order to administer medication via which route?
A) IV
B) IM
C) Subcutaneous
D) Rectal
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Chapter 8: Allergy and Respiratory Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 17-year-old high school wrestler comes in for his regularly scheduled appointment for asthma.He reports no acute problems now with wheezing,coughing,shortness of breath,or tightness in his chest.Which medication might he be a candidate for prophylactic treatment?
A) Theochron
B) Sus-Phrine
C) Cromolyn sodium
D) Proventil
Q2) A patient with renal failure expresses he prefers to take an herbal drug for relief of his cold.Which herbal drug should the nurse caution the patient about taking?
A) Echinacea
B) Vitamin C
C) Arabinoxylane
D) Grapefruit seed extract
Q3) What should the nurse teach a patient who is on an antitussive agent?
A) This medication is not habit forming.
B) This medication is for children's use only.
C) This medication can be addictive.
D) This medication comes only in pill form.
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Chapter 9: Antiinfective Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is teaching a patient about possible side effects when taking minocycline,a broad-spectrum antibiotic.Which side effect is the most common with this drug?
A) Salty taste in the mouth
B) Feeling of vertigo
C) Edema in the feet and legs
D) Ringing in the ears
Q2) A patient is being treated for pinworms with anthelmintics.In addition to taking the medication,what should the nurse be sure to cover during the teaching session?
A) Wash the toilet seat weekly.
B) There are special diet requirements before taking this medication.
C) There is no need to test other family members for this condition.
D) You may have diarrhea and abdominal pain while taking this medication.
Q3) Which are common penicillin products?
A) Amoxicillin, streptomycin, and lincomycin
B) Nystatin, bacitracin, and cloxacillin
C) Erythromycin, cefaclor, and sulfadiazine
D) Cloxacillin, ampicillin, and nafcillin
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Chapter 10: Antivirals,Antiretrovirals,and Antifungal
Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which condition can result when antifungals are taken concurrently with corticosteroid therapy?
A) CNS depression
B) Superinfection
C) Anemia
D) Photophobia
Q2) Which are the most common adverse reactions to antifungal medications? (Select all that apply.)
A) Nausea
B) Vomiting
C) Headache
D) Diarrhea
E) Bloating
Q3) Which are characteristics of "Crix belly" syndrome? (Select all that apply.)
A) Elevated CBCs
B) Elevated triglycerides
C) Elevated cholesterol
D) Fat accumulation around the abdomen and flank
E) Elevated plasma glucose
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Chapter 11: Antineoplastic Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which precautions should nurses administering antineoplastic preparations use?
A) Standard precautions as always
B) Proper hand hygiene after use
C) Preparation of medication in special areas
D) Preparation in direct light under a hood
Q2) Which term refers to a medication that interferes with metabolic functions in cells?
A) Antibiotic
B) Alkylating agent
C) Antimetabolite
D) Mitotic inhibitor
Q3) Which over-the-counter medications might a patient on chemotherapy use to control nausea?
A) Zinc and honey
B) Vitamin C and honey
C) Herbal preparations
D) Vanilla extract
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Chapter 12: Cardiovascular and Renal Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) A serum digitalis level is needed to evaluate whether the patient has reached a therapeutic level.Which is an acceptable therapeutic level for digoxin?
A) 2.5 ng/mL
B) 3.0 ng/mL
C) 0.2 ng/mL
D) 0.5 ng/mL
Q2) A mother brings her 10-month-old daughter into the clinic because of diarrhea that has lasted for 8 hours.Which are signs of dehydration that the nurse would expect to see in this infant?
A) Decreased respiration and pulse
B) Slight moisture on mucous membranes
C) Discoloration around the nail beds
D) Hypotension and concentrated urine
Q3) Prior to administering digoxin,what should the nurse do first?
A) Assess the patient's apical heart rate.
B) Evaluate the patient's response to the medication.
C) Record patient's weight.
D) Collect a urine sample.
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Chapter 13: Central and Peripheral Nervous System
Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) Long-term use of dopaminergic drugs often leads to which condition?
A) Muscle flaccidity
B) Migraine headaches
C) Incontinence
D) Tardive dyskinesia
Q2) Long-acting barbiturates are used to treat status epilepticus and seizures caused by which conditions? (Select all that apply.)
A) Fever
B) Tetanus
C) Drugs
D) Tachycardia
E) Arthritis
Q3) The nurse should include which instructions when teaching an adult patient about an antivertigo agent?
A) Some patients experience hyperactivity.
B) Take 30 to 60 minutes before airplane or boat departure.
C) Take 30 minutes after meals.
D) Do not take with dairy products.
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Chapter 14: Medications for Pain Management and Anesthesia
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is an example of a procedure appropriate for local anesthesia?
A) Tonsillectomy
B) Dental procedure
C) Cesarean section
D) Hip replacement
E) Minor suturing
Q2) Which are side effects of narcotic agonist analgesics? (Select all that apply.)
A) Hyperalertness with euphoria
B) Nausea
C) Dizziness
D) Flushing
E) Sweating
Q3) A patient has been on hydrocodone for 6 months and asks if this medication is addictive.Which would be the nurse's best response?
A) "Dependence may develop."
B) "This is not an addictive narcotic."
C) "All medications are addictive."
D) "Taking food with this medication will help."
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Chapter 15: Antiinflammatory,Musculoskeletal,and
Antiarthritis Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) A physician is considering prescribing abatacept (Orencia)for a 34-year-old female patient with rheumatoid arthritis.Which priority action would the nurse expect the physician to take prior to prescribing?
A) Ask the patient if her insurance covers this medication.
B) Select another drug since the patient is of childbearing age.
C) Take the patient's temperature.
D) Initiate IV access.
Q2) Which should older adult patients on NSAIDs be monitored for?
A) Incidence of peptic ulcers
B) Decreased urine
C) Blood in urine
D) Night fevers
Q3) Antiinflammatory analgesics should be used with caution by patients with which of the following conditions? (Select all that apply.)
A) Liver disease
B) Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)
C) Headaches
D) Weight loss
E) Heart disease
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Gastrointestinal Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is giving discharge instructions to a patient who will be taking an antacid for gastric problems.Which responses are correct about antacids? (Select all that apply.)
A) Antacids must be taken with a lower fiber diet.
B) Antacids should be taken at bedtime.
C) Antacids serve as a gastric buffer.
D) Antacids must be taken between meals.
E) Antacids must be taken with food.
Q2) A patient who has had gallbladder surgery finds that in the postoperative period she is bothered by an excess of intestinal gas,producing flatus and bloating.Which would be an appropriate medication for this symptom?
A) Syrup of ipecac
B) Chenodiol
C) Simethicone
D) Disulfiram
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Chapter 17: Hematologic Products
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is an early indication of anticoagulant overdose?
A) Abdominal pain
B) Bleeding gums
C) Low blood pressure
D) Pallor
Q2) Laboratories commonly report the PT values with which measurement?
A) ISI
B) PTT
C) DIC
D) INR
Q3) Thrombolytic agents are used in which conditions? (Select all that apply.)
A) Acute pulmonary embolism
B) Ischemic stroke
C) Cellular damage
D) Hypotensive crisis
E) Acute arterial occlusion
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Chapter 18: Hormones and Steroids
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Q1) A patient is started on Byetta,one of the new antidiabetic agents.The patient asks how this medication will help lower blood sugar.Which is the best response made by the nurse?
A) It takes the place of insulin.
B) It restores insulin secretion.
C) It is taken with insulin to make it last.
D) It decreases the thirst for water.
Q2) Which is true about vasopressin?
A) It is an anterior pituitary hormone.
B) It is an antidiuretic hormone.
C) It is used in adrenal insufficiency.
D) It is used to increase smooth-muscle contraction in the digestive tract and vascular bed.
Q3) In instructing a patient about corticosteroid therapy,the patient asks if he can just stop this medication before returning to the physician's office.Which would be the nurse's best response?
A) "Take this medication until you've completed it."
B) "The medication must be slowly reduced."
C) "Go ahead; there is no real precaution with this drug therapy."
D) "The amount you're taking is small, so stopping is all right at any time."
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Chapter 19: Immunologic Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient comes into the clinic with complaints of a cold.He is also there for a flu shot.Which represents the reason a flu shot is not recommended in this case?
A) Active infection is present.
B) WBCs are too low.
C) CBCs are high.
D) Susceptibility is down.
Q2) Why is it important for the nurse giving a vaccine to know whether the patient has an allergy to eggs and feathers?
A) Many biologic agents come from chick embryos.
B) Viruses are found in all eggs.
C) Chicken egg cells are close to human cells.
D) There is clotted blood in egg cells.
Q3) Patients receiving immune serums should be evaluated for which effect?
A) Headaches
B) Skin rash
C) Disease suppression
D) Numbness in the fingers
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Chapter 20: Topical Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) Increased intraocular pressure is a sign of which of the following eye conditions?
A) Dry eye
B) Dilating pupil
C) Cataract
D) Glaucoma
Q2) A scabicide such as Eurax is usually prescribed with which of the following frequencies? What is the typical administration frequency of a scabicide?
A) Daily for 3 days
B) One to two applications only
C) Twice a day for 1 week
D) Four times a day for 2 days
Q3) The nurse explains to the patient that the medication prescribed for his glaucoma will produce an abnormal dilation of the pupil and trouble switching from near vision to far and back.This patient has which of the following conditions?
A) Conjunctivitis
B) Miosis
C) Mydriasis
D) Cataract
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Chapter 21: Vitamins and Minerals
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which food is rich in vitamin A?
A) Apples
B) Pasta
C) Dairy products
D) Nuts
Q2) A patient on Coumadin therapy begins to bleed from the gums while brushing her teeth.The nurse would expect the health care provider to prescribe which vitamin?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin E
C) Vitamin K
D) Vitamin B<sub>1</sub>
Q3) An older adult patient comes to the doctor's office with complaints of malaise,nervousness,and difficulty walking.Her blood work reveals a deficiency in pyridoxine.The nurse would know that the patient has a deficiency in which vitamin?
A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin B<sub>12</sub>
D) Vitamin B<sub>6</sub>
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