Principles of Criminal Justice
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Principles of Criminal Justice introduces students to the foundational concepts, structures, and processes that define the criminal justice system. The course examines the roles and interrelationships of key components including law enforcement, the courts, and corrections. Students explore the development of criminal law, due process rights, ethical considerations, and contemporary issues impacting justice administration. Through critical analysis and case studies, this course fosters an understanding of how justice is conceptualized and delivered in modern society.
Recommended Textbook
The American System of Criminal Justice 16th Edition by George F. Cole
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17 Chapters
2137 Verified Questions
2137 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Crime and Justice in America
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125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Elizabeth is a middle-age female who is planning to purchase a new spring wardrobe with her credit card.After the salesperson runs her credit card,Elizabeth is surprised to find out that it has been denied.She has no idea how this could have happened.She has a $20,000 credit limit and has a zero balance.Elizabeth realizes that a crime had been committed against her. Elizabeth was a victim of crime involving the use of computers and the Internet to commit criminal acts,which is referred to as A)cybercrime.
B)identify theft.
C)organized crime.
D)political crime.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following would not be considered a feature of the due process model?
A)Viewed as the "assembly line model"
B)Emphasizes the adversarial process,rights of defendants,and formal decision-making procedures.
C)Viewed as the "obstacle course model"
D)Stresses individual freedom and law as values
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Victimization and Criminal Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ traits are the factors thought to bring about criminal behavior in an individual.
Answer: Criminogenic
Q2) According to recent statistics,which of the following crimes do Americans fear the most?
A)Mugging
B)Murder
C)Identity theft
D)Terrorism
Answer: C
Q3) If a person is criminogenic,he or she
A)became a criminal as an adult.
B)was born a criminal.
C)became a criminal as a result of a traumatic experience.
D)will never become a criminal.
Answer: B
Q4) One impact of crime is _______,which limits freedom and creates anxieties.
Answer: fear
Q5) A field of criminology that examines the role of the victim is called _______.
Answer: victimology
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Chapter 3: The Criminal Justice System
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how misperceptions about immigrants and crime rates can affect public policy and law enforcement.
Answer: Answers will vary,but students can draw from candidate and President Trump's public statements,Sheriff Joe Arpaio,and the attempted Muslim ban,among others.
Q2) How have the powers of the FBI changed over time?
Answer: Answers will vary,but students' answers should reflect an understanding that Congress has expanded the powers of the FBI and other federal agencies to pursue criminal activities that were formerly the responsibility of the states.Congress enacted laws designed to allow the FBI to investigate situations in which local police forces will likely be less effective.Under the National Stolen Property Act,for example,the FBI may investigate thefts worth over $5,000 when the offenders have probably transported the stolen property across state lines.As a national agency,the FBI is better able than any state agency to pursue criminal investigations across state borders.
Q3) The mutual transfer of resources is called ____________________.
Answer: exchange
Q4) Most criminal cases are heard in ____________________ court.
Answer: state
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Chapter 4: Criminal Justice and the Rule of Law
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Criminal procedures must meet a basic standard of ______________________________,according to the U.S.Supreme Court.
Q2) ________ are the basic laws of a country or state defining the structure of the government and the relationship of citizens to that government.
A)Constitutions
B)Administrative regulations
C)Statutes
D)Common laws
Q3) An act can be deemed criminal if it eventually leads to harm that the law seeks to prevent.This is called A)mens rea.
B)an inchoate offense.
C)defamation.
D)actus reus.
Q4) The right to a trial by jury is guaranteed by the A)Fourth Amendment.
B)Fifth Amendment.
C)Sixth Amendment.
D)Seventh Amendment.
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Chapter 5: Police
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true about the use of discretion by a police officer?
A)The more serious a crime is to the public,the more freedom officers have to ignore it.
B)A suspect who is very hostile is less likely to be arrested by an officer.
C)Policies of the police always promote the use of more discretion.
D)The closer the relationship between the alleged criminal and the victim,the more variable the use of discretion.
Q2) Kasey is an FBI agent and has worked in her department for six years.Prior to her tenure with the FBI,she worked for her local city police department for four years.She plans to retire from the FBI within 20 years.Kasey has had the opportunity to work in various capacities while working for the FBI,including roles fighting terrorism and violent crime.While Kasey was still a member of her hometown's police department,she was part of
A)federal law enforcement.
B)county law enforcement.
C)municipal law enforcement.
D)state law enforcement.
Q3) As part of a ________,police officers are expected to observe rules and obey orders while also making independent,discretionary judgments.
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Chapter 6: Police Officers and Law Enforcement Operations
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Sample Questions
Q1) The performance of the police is not based solely on the types of people recruited; it is also shaped by their _______.
Q2) Andrica is the chief of police for a mid-size department.She recently reviewed data on how to serve her community better,including information about preventing crime and responding to calls.Andrica would like to incorporate additional strategies to improve all issues but wants to make sure she has officer buy-in for any new methods.Andrica would also like to change how her officers receive calls.She would like the highest-priority calls to be handled first.This is an example of A)a differential response system.
B)incident-driven policing.
C)evidence-based policing.
D)reactive-based policing.
Q3) When a group shares symbols,beliefs,and attitudes,they have A)a subculture.
B)a subcommunity.
C)a suboccupation.
D)subprofessionalism.
Q4) Describe the main functions of police patrol,investigation,and special operations units.
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Chapter 7: Policing: Contemporary Issues and Challenges
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123 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Weapons such as pepper spray,air-fired beanbags,and nets that are intended to incapacitate a suspect without inflicting serious injuries are known as _________ weapons.
A)lethal
B)less-lethal
C)nonlethal
D)brutality
Q2) Police have broad discretion in the use of deadly force.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which is not a mechanism used to control the police?
A)Internal affairs investigators
B)Personal resolutions
C)Standards and accreditation
D)Civil liability lawsuits
Q4) All 50 states are members of MATRIX,the Multistate Anti-Terrorism Information Exchange.
A)True
B)False
Q5) _______ is a database which allows prints to be sent electronically.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Police and Constitutional Law
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135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The U.S.Supreme Court created the good faith exception in the case of
A)Nix v.Williams (1980).
B)Hester v.United States.(1924).
C)Texas v.Johnson (1989).
D)United States v.Leon (1984).
Q2) If an officer asks if she may enter a home and the homeowner says yes,this would be called a __________ search.
Q3) Some argue that stop-and-frisk is applied unfairly.You are the commissioner of a police force in the NYPD which has been accused of applying stop-and-frisk more often in predominantly African American areas.As the commissioner,you can make changes.What can be done to assure that stop-and-frisk is used appropriately?
Q4) Police rarely use deception when interrogating a suspect.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Searches are not permissible if a police helicopter flies overhead and witnesses illegal activity.
A)True
B)False
Q6) ___________ permits an officer to search based on the officer's sense of touch.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Courts and Pretrial Processes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Appellate courts try civil and criminal cases.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which is not a function of a judge?
A)Negotiator
B)Administrator
C)Adjudicator
D)Detainer
Q3) Courts that do not try criminal cases but hear appeals are called ____________________ courts.
Q4) An application to a court requesting that an order be issued to bring about a specified action is called a
A)dismissal.
B)rejection at screening.
C)guilty plea.
D)motion.
Q5) Judges have a variety of roles within the judicial system.
A)True
B)False
Q6) In a(n)___________ election,judges are openly endorsed by political parties.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Prosecution and Defense
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123 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The majority of convicted offenders serving time in state prisons are indigent defendants who received publicly provided defense attorneys.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Prosecutors only have influence in the early stages of the criminal justice process.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Dianne works for the federal governor as a prosecutor in District 5,which is located in Dallas,Texas.In her three years at the job,she has spent much of her time prosecuting drug crimes.She loves the discretion and the attendant power her job gives her.Who appointed Dianne?
A)The Speaker of the House
B)The president
C)The governor
D)The Senate majority leader
Q4) Officials responsible for prosecuting crimes against the federal government are called ____________________.
Q5) The chief legal officer of the state is the _______.
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Chapter 11: Determination of Guilt: Plea Bargaining and Trials
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124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A legal petition requesting that a judge examine whether an individual is being properly detained is called a(n)
A)writ of certiorari.
B)writ of probable cause.
C)ex post facto writ.
D)writ of habeas corpus.
Q2) Juries are always composed of highly educated members of the community.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Defendants in some states have the option to choose a bench trial.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A plea of guilty must be _______ on the part of the defendant.
Q5) The most important factor in the decision to take a case to trial is usually the
A)seriousness of the charge.
B)previous record of the defendant.
C)quality of the defense attorney.
D)ideology of the judge.
Page 13
Q6) If a juror's responses indicate that he or she will not be able to make fair decisions,an attorney may request a(n)_____.
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Page 14
Chapter 12: Punishment and Sentencing
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Sample Questions
Q1) How did the elimination of the death penalty in Illinois in 2011 reflect changes in the use of technology? What other issues relating to cost were involved?
Q2) Furman v.Georgia ruled that the death penalty,as applied,was _______ and unusual punishment.
Q3) Truth in sentencing guidelines are laws that require offenders to serve 85% of their sentences.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Since the 1980s,sentencing guidelines have been established in the federal courts and in nearly two dozen state court systems.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Punishment that uses imprisonment or execution to prevent a person from committing additional crimes is called
A)incapacitation.
B)special deterrence.
C)rehabilitation.
D)retribution.
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Page 15
Chapter 13: Corrections
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the pros and cons of prison privatization.
Q2) The federal government provides all funding for American prisons.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is the future of corrections? What can we do to prepare for this new horizon? Will we see new crimes? New prison construction?
Q4) Which of the following best describes the organization of corrections in the United States?
A)Centralized
B)Fragmented
C)Unified
D)Nationalized
Q5) How long is an inmate typically held in jail?
A)less than twenty-four hours
B)less than one year
C)between three and five years
D)between fifteen and twenty years
Q6) The _______ Amendment has been most consistently limited for prisoners by the Supreme Court.
Q7) Get-tough polices are associated with the ____ model of corrections.
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Chapter 14: Community Corrections: Probation and Intermediate Sanctions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Intermediate sanctions are administered by the courts only.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the case of Mempa v.Rhay,the U.S.Supreme Court ruled that probationers have the right to a(n)________.
Q3) _____ is a means of dealing with offenders who need greater restrictions than traditional community-based programs can provide.
A)Intensive supervision probation
B)Shock incarceration
C)House arrest
D)Probation
Q4) Like parole revocation,probation revocation
A)must be decided in a jury trial.
B)cannot be considered unless a new crime has been committed.
C)cannot be considered unless three conditions are violated.
D)requires a two-stage hearing process.
Q5) Over half of probationers have no direct contact with their probation officer.
A)True
B)False
Page 17
Q6) There are two types of ISP: institutional diversion and _____ diversion.
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Page 18
Chapter 15: Incarceration and Prison Society
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the past two decades,the number of persons in prison has
A)stayed the same.
B)greatly increased.
C)greatly decreased.
D)slightly increased.
Q2) Which is true concerning the rate of HIV/AIDS in the prison population compared to the general U.S.population?
A)The rate of AIDS-related deaths in prison is higher than the rate for the general U.S.population.
B)It is connected to increased incarceration of drug offenders.
C)Like that of the general U.S.population,the rate of AIDS-related deaths in prisons has been rising since 2001.
D)It is connected to increased incarceration of sex offenders.
Q3) Given adequate financial resources,most experts believe that prisons should include programs that improve the lives of inmates,such as vocational training,remedial education,and work opportunities.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Retribution is an aspect of the _______ model of incarceration.
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Chapter 16: Reentry Into the Community
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Sample Questions
Q1) Community members do not have any responsibility for ex-offenders released into their neighborhoods.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Over the last few decades,release on parole has become much easier for inmates to obtain.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Approximately _______ of offenders leaving prison will return to prison at a later time.
Q4) Pardons are sometimes given to remedy a miscarriage of justice.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The release of an inmate from prison to conditional supervision is referred to as ______.
Q6) What are the advantages and disadvantages of GPS tracking of parolees?
Q7) Tickets of leave were the forerunner of the modern-day parole system.
A)True
B)False
Page 20
Q8) ________ courts may help offenders reintegrate into the community.
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Chapter 17: Juvenile Justice
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dependency is one of the four types of cases that fall under the jurisdiction of the juvenile justice system.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which is not one of the problems the American system of juvenile justice faces?
A)Cyberbullying
B)Online delinquency
C)Youth gangs
D)Urbanization
Q3) Analyze what establishes the jurisdiction of the juvenile justice system.
Q4) Cyberbullying is a status offense.
A)True
B)False
Q5) If the goal of the juvenile court is to protect juveniles and "act as parent," how might you explain the movement toward punitiveness since the 1980s?
Q6) Aftercare can be very effective.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Aftercare is the juvenile equivalent of adult ________.
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