Principles of Criminal Justice
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Principles of Criminal Justice provides students with an in-depth understanding of the foundational concepts, structures, and processes that make up the criminal justice system. The course explores the roles and relationships between law enforcement, the courts, and corrections, examining how they work collaboratively and independently to uphold laws and ensure public safety. Students will analyze the philosophies behind criminal law, due process, and the rights of the accused, while investigating contemporary issues and challenges within criminal justice. By the end of the course, learners will have a solid grasp of the ethical, legal, and procedural principles guiding criminal justice practice in modern society.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Criminal Justice 10th Edition by Larry J. Siegel
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Chapter 1: Crime and Criminal Justice
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Sample Questions
Q1) The "wedding cake" model is an alternative to the traditional criminal justice flowchart. Using specific examples, elaborate the "wedding cake" model. Address how society and the justice system respond to crimes committed at each level.
Answer: Samuel Walker describes the informal criminal justice process as a four-layer cake. Level I involves celebrated cases such as Jared Lee Loughner, who has been accused of shooting congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords, and the Casey Anthony murder trial and her acquittal. Level II involves serious felonies that include rape and robbery. Level III involves less serious felonies, offenses committed by young or first-time offenders, or involves offenders known to one another such as domestic violence. Level IV involves misdemeanors such as shoplifting, public drunkenness, minor assault. Examples will vary by student.
Q2) According to noninterventionists, the efforts to treat offenders may lead to further stigma beyond the scope of the original offense. This is referred to as:
A)deinstitutionalization
B)nolle prosequi
C)victimless crime
D)widening the net of justice
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Nature of Crime and Victimization
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Q1) Approximately 75 percent of Americans self-report having a gun at home or elsewhere on their property.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which type of data prefers the use of interviews and questionnaires for high-school students
A)Observational
B)Victimization
C)Self-report
D)Official
Answer: C
Q3) Subcultural values are handed down from one generation to the next through the culture of poverty.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Conduct disorder is discussed as a precursor of long-term chronic offending in ____________ theory.
Answer: biosocial
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Criminal Law: Substance and Procedure
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ____________________ Amendment prohibits double jeopardy. Answer: Fifth (5th)
Fifth 5th
Q2) _____________ laws require the registration of individuals convicted of sex-related crimes.
Answer: Community notification
Q3) Intoxication and age are examples of:
A)legal defenses used to negate the required proof of mens rea.
B)legal defenses that negate the required proof of actus reus.
C)defenses based on double jeopardy.
D)legal defenses based on a presumption of conclusive incapacitation.
Answer: A
Q4) Helping people take their own lives is referred to as ________. Answer: obitiatry
Q5) A law that inflicts a greater punishment than was available when the crime was committed is termed a(n) ____________________ law.
Answer: ex post facto
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Chapter 4: Police in Society: History and Organization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mark is considering a career in law enforcement and would like to stay in his hometown providing basic law enforcement services. But, he is also interested in the court system and public order. What is the best fit for Mark's aspirations
A)State police
B)County police
C)Sheriff
D)Municipal police
Q2) The ____________________ was created to help the shire reeve in controlling the county and later took on judicial functions.
Q3) Which of the following is not a factor that distinguishes private policing from public policing
A)Private policing focuses their efforts on public and private property.
B)Private police are concerned almost solely with prevention.
C)Private policing is concerned more on loss prevention than on crime.
D)Private policing often employs private justice.
Q4) Discuss the functions of four major federal law enforcement agencies
Q5) The shire reeve is a forerunner of today's justices of the peace.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: The Police: Role and Function
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Q1) Compare and contrast problem-oriented policing and community policing.
Q2) One of the goals of fusion centers is to create new exams to screen for qualified police applicants.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Creating a feeling of security is one of the major purposes of police patrol.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Problem-oriented policing focuses equally on problem solving and reactive crime fighting.
A)True
B)False
Q5) ____________________ is an aggressive law enforcement style that emphasizes attacking crimes head-on and in advance rather than waiting for calls for service.
Q6) Which of the following is a commonly cited source of ineffective investigation
A)Length of investigation
B)Poor sources of information
C)Poor follow-up on initial calls for service
D)All of the above
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Issues in Policing: Professional, Social, and Legal
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Q1) In the case of ____________________, the Supreme Court created objective standards for questioning by police after a defendant has been taken into custody.
Q2) What US Supreme Court decision set forth objective standards for questioning by police after a defendant has been taken into custody
A)Miranda v. Arizona
B)Graham v. Connor
C)Sherman v. California
D)Tennessee v. Garner
Q3) When the plainclothes officer left the diner that day, he made sure the waitress knew that his tip included the coffee and tip for the other officers. According to the core beliefs of the police culture, what is the most logical reason that he did this
A)Patrol work is the pits.
B)Members of the public are unreasonable.
C)Loyalty above everything.
D)Police deserve a break.
Q4) Identify and describe the factors that have been related to police shootings.
Q5) Police subculture is considered a(n) ____________ decision-making factor.
Q6) ____________________ occurs when police abuse or exploit their discretion.
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Chapter 7: Courts, Prosecution, and the Defense
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Q1) Through the use of examples, discuss the factors affecting the prosecutor's discretionary decision-making process.
Q2) In 1968, only 10 states had state-level automated information systems.
A)True
B)False
Q3) All evidence points to the conclusion that prosecutorial discretion is used to:
A)influence judicial decision making in the sentencing stage.
B)influence who gets reelected to judgeships.
C)screen out the weakest cases.
D)achieve a desirable sentence.
Q4) A.J. was sentenced to the fine of $500 for the dog waste and community service hours until he removes all of the graffiti. He is going to appeal his sentence and will appeal his case to which court
A)Appellate court of limited jurisdiction
B)Civil court of general jurisdiction
C)Appellate court of general jurisdiction
D)State court of general jurisdiction
Q5) The offender's race, gender, and ethnic background are _____________ issues.
Q6) Discuss the major functions of a defense attorney in the justice process.
Q7) Discuss how judicial attitudes may extend beyond the courtroom.
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Chapter 8: Pretrial and Trial Procedures
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Q1) At the ________, the judge informs the defendant of the charges against him or her and appoints counsel if one has not yet been retained.
A)trial
B)arraignment
C)indictment
D)information
Q2) The prosecution can request a directed verdict.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Zack has just fired his attorney or the man who they say is his attorney. He wants to represent himself. What issues will he have
A)He is indigent.
B)He may not get an impartial jury.
C)He may not be competent.
D)He may not get a speedy trial.
Q4) A __________ is the dismissal of a prospective juror for unexplained, discretionary reasons.
Q5) The determination of guilt or innocence is called_______________.
Q6) If a verdict cannot be reached, the trial may result in a ________.
10
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Chapter 9: Punishment and Sentencing
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Q1) A fixed term of incarceration is called a(n):
A)indeterminate sentence.
B)determinate sentence.
C)mandatory minimum.
D)fixed term.
Q2) ____________ are a set of standards that define parameters for trial judges to follow in setting sentences.
Q3) Supporters of the death penalty argue that capital punishment conforms to the requirement that the punishment be ____________________ to the crime.
Q4) Poor laws were developed in England at the end of the ____ century.
A)ninth
B)eleventh
C)fourteenth
D)sixteenth
Q5) "Just Desert" means that the offender should pay back the victim or their family for the pain that they have caused.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Prison sentences served simultaneously and run together are ______ sentences.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Community Sentences: Probation, Intermediate
Sanctions, and Restorative Justice
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Q1) According to the basic principles of restorative justice, the first priority of the justice process is to:
A)restore the community to the best degree possible.
B)assist the victims.
C)shame the offender.
D)treat all offenders equally.
Q2) What is the basis of historical probation that allowed Grant to serve a punishment in the community by following conditions of supervision
A)Judicial reprieve
B)Surety
C)Suspended sentencing
D)Dispositions
Q3) Which of the following is false regarding intermediate sanctions
A)They help the offender maintain family and community ties.
B)They are more costly than jail or prison sentences.
C)They can be structured to maximize security and maintain public safety.
D)They can be scaled in severity to correspond to the seriousness of the crime.
Q4) In _______________ (1984), the court ruled that the probation officer-client relationship is not confidential.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Corrections: History, Institutions, and Populations
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Q1) The inmate population in the United States has __________ despite a decade long crime drop.
A)increased exponentially
B)stabilized
C)only decreased minimally
D)stayed the same
Q2) The Quakers pressured the state legislature to improve conditions in the prisons in Pennsylvania.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Auburn system was also referred to as the ____________________ system since most prisoners ate and worked in groups.
Q4) Used to gradually acclimate inmates to conventional society, a ________ is a community-based correctional facility that houses inmates prior to their outright release.
Q5) The ____________________ was the practice of correctional official selling the labor of inmates to private businesses.
Page 13
Q6) The ____________ involves leasing inmates to a business for a fixed annual fee.
Q7) The tier system was first introduced as part of the ____________________ system.
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Page 14
Chapter 12: Prison Life: Living in and Leaving Prison
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Q1) Which is not a common form of inmate vocational program in use today
A)Work release
B)Private prison enterprise
C)Furlough programs
D)Convict-leasing
Q2) The two distinct theories regarding the cause of collective violence are the inmate balance theory and the ____________________ theory.
Q3) A treatment approach that focuses on patterns of thinking and beliefs to help people become conscious of their own thoughts and behaviors so they can make positive changes is _________.
Q4) What are some obstacles faced by the paroled inmate in the community and how do these obstacles influence the likelihood of recidivism
Q5) In adapting to a female institution, a common practice is:
A)resorting to extreme violence and victimization.
B)marrying other inmates while in the employ of the state department of corrections.
C)becoming a snitch for the correctional officers.
D)self-mutilation or carving.
Q6) Elaborate three substantive rights granted to prisoners by the courts.
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Chapter 13: Juvenile Justice in the Twenty First Century
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Q1) The juvenile court labels ungovernable, habitually disobedient, and truant children to be:
A)status offenders.
B)juvenile delinquents.
C)chancery children.
D)deprived children.
Q2) Discuss the legal rights of juveniles, including specific reference to at least two relevant legal cases.
Q3) In its early form, what was the burden of proof for verdicts handed down by the juvenile court
A)Beyond a reasonable doubt
B)Reasonable suspicion
C)Beyond a preponderance of evidence
D)Absolute certainty
Q4) The term "agree to a finding" is used in place of ____________________ when plea bargaining juvenile cases.
Q5) Juvenile offenders who commit serious crimes may be ____________________ to adult court.
Q6) The decision to waiver a juvenile to adult court occurs in a ___________.
Page 16
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Chapter 14: Criminal Justice in the New Millennium
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Q1) Illegal fishing is criminalized because fishermen are:
A) catching the fish before they have a chance to reproduce.
B) not paying the appropriate processing fees for the amount they catch.
C) discharging toxic materials back into the waterways after catching the fish.
D) destroying the chances for other fisherman to share in the profits.
Q2) _______ is the process of creating a global economy through transnational markets and political and legal systems.
Q3) Law enforcement and the courts have traditionally been reluctant to throw corporate executives in jail.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Andrew works for QXQ as an investor. He only takes clients that have at least $500,000 to invest. He has been touting this new hedge fund that he himself has invested in. It is promising 20 percent returns every year. He just signed up the Jones family. If this scenario is too good to be true, what will likely happen to the Jones's money
A) It will be invested.
B) It will be used to pay previous investors.
C) It will be used for securitization.
D) It has just provided QXQ a big kickback.
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