Principles of Chemistry
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Principles of Chemistry introduces the foundational concepts essential for understanding matter and its transformations. This course covers atomic structure, chemical bonding, stoichiometry, states of matter, chemical reactions, thermochemistry, and basic principles of kinetics and equilibrium. Students will develop problem-solving skills through quantitative exercises while gaining a conceptual appreciation of how chemical principles apply to real-world phenomena, laying the groundwork for advanced study in chemistry and related scientific fields.
Recommended Textbook
Introductory Chemistry 5th Edition by Nivaldo J. Tro
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Chapter 1: The Chemical World
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Sample Questions
Q1) The definition of a scientific law is:
A)the same as a hypothesis.
B)a way of learning that emphasizes observation and experimentation.
C)the underlying reason for a scientific theory.
D)a number of similar observations generalized into a brief statement summarizing past observations and predicting new ones.
E)none of the above
Answer: D
Q2) Quantification is an important tool in understanding chemistry.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) All things are made of atoms or molecules.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) A scientific theory describes the underlying reasons for observations and laws.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Measurement and Problem Solving
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which term below is equivalent to one milliliter?
A)1 cc
B)1 mL
C)1 cm<sup>3</sup>
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following would NOT be considered a correct conversion factor?
A)1 dozen eggs = 12 eggs
B)12 eggs = 1 dozen eggs
C)1 pair of shoes = 1 shoe
D)100 pennies = 1 dollar
E)5 cents = 1 nickel
Answer: C
Q3) When the temperature of an object is reported as 23.7°C,the actual temperature can be assumed to be between 23.6°C and 23.8°C.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Matter and Energy
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the value of 98 °F in units of °C?
A)72
B)37
C)371
D)22
E)none of the above
Answer: B
Q2) Which state of matter has atomic spacing that is close together and definite shape?
A)liquid
B)solid
C)gas
D)plasma
E)none of the above
Answer: B
Q3) The melting of ice is a physical change.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Atoms and Elements
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement below accurately describes the contributions of Dalton?
A)ancient Greek philosopher who proposed that matter was continuous
B)created the modern periodic table
C)proposed the modern Atomic Theory
D)discovered the existence of electrons
E)none of the above
Q2) All of the positive charge of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a correct name,symbol combination?
A)beryllium,Be
B)phosphorus,P
C)iron,Fe
D)manganese,Mg
E)silicon,Si
Q4) Metals are located on the left side of the periodic table.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first chemist to formally state the law of constant composition was:
A)Dalton.
B)Mendeleev.
C)Rutherford.
D)Proust.
E)none of the above
Q2) Which formula shows the proper use of parentheses?
A)Ca(F)<sub>2</sub>
B)Ca(SO<sub>4</sub>)
C)(NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)
D)Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>
E)none of the above
Q3) The law of constant composition states: All samples of a given compound have the same proportions of their constituent elements.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The ionic compound that forms between aluminum and oxygen is AlO.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Chemical Composition
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the mass of 3.09 × 10<sup>24</sup> atoms of sulfur in grams?
A)9.64 × 10<sup>22</sup>
B)9.91 × 10<sup>25</sup>
C)165
D)0.160
E)none of the above
Q2) The chemical formula clearly indicates the relationship between the mass of each element in the formula.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Bananas cost 33¢ per pound.If you spent $0.77,how many pounds of bananas did you purchase?
A)2.33
B)1.73
C)0.429
D)2.01
E)none of the above
Q4) One mole of argon has more atoms in it than one mole of neon.
A)True
B)False
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Chemical Reactions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The reaction of baking soda and vinegar to produce carbon dioxide gas is an example of a precipitation reaction.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A net ionic equation shows all ionic species that are present in solution.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is NOT typically a sign of a chemical reaction?
A)absorbing heat when chemicals are contacted with each other
B)emission of heat when chemicals are contacted with each other
C)emission of light when chemicals are contacted with each other
D)absorbing light when chemicals are contacted with each other
E)All of the above are signs of a chemical reaction.
Q4) Which of the following is NOT evidence that a chemical reaction has occurred?
A)color change when chemicals are contacted with each other
B)solid formation when chemicals are contacted with each other C)gas formation when chemicals are contacted with each other
D)emission of light when chemicals are contact with each other
E)All of the above are evidence of a chemical reaction.
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Chapter 8: Quantities in Chemical Reactions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the theoretical yield of a reaction if 25.0 grams of product were actually produced from a reaction that has a 88% yield?
A)28.4
B)22.0
C)3.52
D)352
E)none of the above
Q2) How many grams of aluminum oxide are produced according to the reaction below given that you start with 10.0 grams of Al and 19.0 grams of O<sub>2</sub>?
Reaction: 4Al + 3O<sub>2</sub> 2Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>
A)40.4
B)5.00
C)0.185
D)18.9
E)not enough information
Q3) When viewing a chemical equation,the limiting reactant can never be a chemical on the product side of the equation.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following atoms is the smallest?
A)Li
B)Be
C)B
D)O
E)Ne
Q2) Bohr showed that the emission spectrum of hydrogen was continuous with no interruption across the entire visible wavelength range.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A particle of light is called a packet.
A)True
B)False
Q4) An emission spectrum results when light emitted by glowing gas is passed through a prism.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The most energetic photons are gamma rays.
A)True
B)False
11
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Chapter 10: Chemical Bonding
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Sample Questions
Q1) The VSEPR theory predicts that the H-C-H angle in CH<sub>4</sub> measures 120°.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which term matches the definition: A separation of charge within a bond?
A)coulombic attraction
B)dipole moment
C)pure covalent
D)nonpolar covalent
E)electronegativity
Q3) The correct Lewis structure for potassium in KCl is K<sup>+</sup>.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is considered a single electron group?
A)a lone pair of electrons
B)a single bond
C)a double bond
D)a triple bond
E)all of the above
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Chapter 11: Gases
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Sample Questions
Q1) 1 atm is equal to:
A)760 mm Hg.
B)760 torr.
C)101,325 Pa.
D)14.7 psi.
E)all of the above
Q2) Which set of conditions reflect STP?
A)298 K,1 atm
B)25°C,14.7 psi
C)373 K,760 torr
D)273 K,1 Pa
E)273 K,760 mm Hg
Q3) What is the equivalent pressure of 760 torr in units of mm Hg?
A)760
B)1
C)14.7
D)29.92
E)none of the above
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Chapter 12: Liquids,solids,and Intermolecular Forces
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Sample Questions
Q1) Solids usually have much greater densities than gases because molecules of a solid are much farther apart.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Intermolecular forces hold atoms and molecules in place in a solid.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Viscosity increases with increased intermolecular force because the molecules attract each other strongly which hinders the flow.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which statement below is false?
A)A hydrogen bond is the strongest of the intermolecular forces.
B)A hydrogen atom must be bonded directly to fluorine,oxygen,or nitrogen to exhibit hydrogen bonding.
C)The large electronegativity difference between hydrogen and an F,O,or N atom is essential for the formation of a hydrogen bond.
D)A hydrogen bond is only 2-5% the strength of a typical covalent bond.
E)none of the above
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Chapter 13: Solutions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tap water contains dissolved nitrogen and oxygen.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following substances is NOT a solution?
A)humid air
B)beer
C)oxygen
D)steel
E)All of the above are solutions.
Q3) A solution contains 100.0 g water,10.0 g NaCl,and 15.0 g methanol.What is the mass percent of methanol in the solution?
A)8.00%
B)10.0%
C)12.0%
D)15.0%
E)none of the above
Q4) A sugar solution is an example of a weak electrolyte solution.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Acids and Bases
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Sample Questions
Q1) A neutralization reaction between KOH (aq)and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> (aq)would give which two products?
A)H<sub>2</sub>O (l)and H<sub>2</sub>S (g)
B)H<sub>2</sub>O (l)and KSO<sub>4</sub> (aq)
C)H<sub>2</sub>O (l)and K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> (aq)
D)SO<sub>2</sub> (g)and KH<sub>2</sub> (g) E)none of the above
Q2) In the following reaction: NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+ </sup>(aq)+ H<sub>2</sub>O (aq) NH<sub>3</sub><sup> </sup>(aq)+ H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+ </sup>(aq)
A)NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+ </sup>is an acid and H<sub>2</sub>O<sup> </sup>is its conjugate base.
B)H<sub>2</sub>O<sup> </sup>is a base and NH<sub>3</sub><sup> </sup>is its conjugate acid.
C)NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+ </sup>is an acid and H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+ </sup>is its conjugate base.
D)H<sub>2</sub>O<sup> </sup>is a base and H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+ </sup>is its conjugate acid.
E)NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+ </sup>is a base and H<sub>2</sub>O<sup> </sup>is its conjugate acid.
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Chapter 15: Chemical Equilibrium
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Sample Questions
Q1) A reversible reaction is one that can be stopped and then restarted as needed.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The effect of a catalyst is to:
A)increase the number of collisions between reactants.
B)increase the temperature of the reactants whereby more products are formed.
C)change the position of the equilibrium.
D)change the stoichiometry of the reaction.
E)lower the activation energy of a reaction whereby making it easier for the reactants to get over the energy hump.
Q3) What happens to the equilibrium position of an endothermic reaction when you remove heat?
A)shifts to the left
B)shifts to the right
C)does nothing
D)doubles
E)halves
Q4) Reaction rates generally increase as a reaction proceeds.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Oxidation and Reduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) A spontaneous redox reaction can be used to produce electrical current.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The oxidation number of sodium in NaI is +1.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Assign the oxidation state of each atom in sodium sulfate,Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>.
A)Na = +1,S = +4,O = -2
B)Na = +1,S = -2,O = +4
C)Na = +2,S = +6,O = -2
D)Na = +1,S = +6,O = -2
E)Na = +2,S = -2,O = 0
Q4) Corrosion can be prevented by all of the following EXCEPT:
A)painting.
B)galvanizing.
C)sacrificial anode.
D)sacrificial cathode.
E)none of the above
Q5) Distinguish between a galvanic (voltaic)cell and an electrolytic cell.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) What type of radioactive decay produces a daughter nuclide that is the same element as the parent nuclide?
A)alpha
B)beta
C)gamma
D)positron
E)none of the above
Q2) Phosphorous-32 has a half-life of 14.3 days while radon-222 has a half-life of 3.8 days,so phosphorous-32 is considered more active.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Nuclear fusion:
A)is the formation of heavier elements from lighter ones.
B)releases a larger amount of heat than nuclear fission.
C)is the energy source of the sun and stars.
D)produces non-radioactive elements.
E)all of the above
Q4) Exposure to nuclear radioactivity can produce genetic defects in offspring.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Organic Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) Aldehydes and ketones both contain a carbonyl group.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following compounds is an alkene?
A)C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>
B)C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>
C)C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>6</sub>
D)C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub>
E)none of the above
Q3) The compound propyne would consist of how many carbon atoms and how many hydrogen atoms?
A)3C,4H
B)2C,2H
C)3C,2H
D)3C,6H
E)none of the above
Q4) As the number of carbon atoms increases in n-alkanes,so does their boiling point.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: Biochemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements correctly explains the formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids?
A)The amine end of one links with the amine end of the other.
B)The carboxylic acid end of one links with the carboxylic acid end of the other.
C)The amine end of one links with the carboxylic acid end of the other and eliminates a water molecule.
D)The carboxylic acid end of one links with the carboxylic acid end of the other and eliminates a water molecule.
E)none of the above
Q2) Biochemistry is the study of chemical substances and processes that occur in plants,animals and microorganisms.
A)True
B)False
Q3) DNA and RNA are the two types of nucleic acids.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Q5) Summarize the main features of the four categories of protein structure.
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