Principles of Biology Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Principles of Biology provides a comprehensive introduction to the fundamental concepts of biological science, emphasizing the structure, function, and diversity of living organisms. The course covers the molecular and cellular basis of life, genetics, evolution, ecology, and the interactions between organisms and their environments. Students will gain an understanding of core biological principles, experimental methods, and the application of scientific reasoning, preparing them for more advanced study in the biological sciences and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Biology The Core 2nd Edition by Eric
J. Simon
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Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Science of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) A population consists of ________.
A) living and nonliving components
B) interacting populations
C) a group of interacting individuals of one species
D) a group of interacting individuals from different species
Answer: C
Q2) Based on the table above,which type of cookie was the heaviest?
A) Cookies with the most fat
B) Cookies with intermediate amount of fat
C) Cookies with the least fat
D) The amount of fat did not affect the weight of cookies
Answer: A
Q3) If you give 100 sick people tablets similar to Echinacea but with no herb,what kind of control would this be?
A) A positive control
B) A negative control
C) A blind control
D) A double-blind control
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Individual water molecules are held to one another by relatively weak ________ bonds.
A) covalent
B) hydrogen
C) ionic
D) nonpolar
Answer: B
Q2) To a large extent,a protein's function is dependent upon its shape.What determines a protein's shape?
A) The location of the active site
B) The sequence of amino acids
C) The number of amino acids
D) The number of peptide bonds
Answer: B
Q3) What will be accomplished by lowering the activation energy of a reaction?
A) The reaction will proceed more slowly.
B) The reaction will proceed more quickly.
C) The reaction will stop completely.
D) The reaction will reverse.
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: The Cell: The Fundamental Unit of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cytoskeleton has several primary functions.The first and most obvious is that it acts as an interior skeleton that supports the rest of the cell.What is another function of the cytoskeleton?
A) It provides a communication network whereby chemo-electrical signals can be sent from one area of the cell to another.
B) It creates a durable outer covering to increase the strength and rigidity of the cell.
C) It provides a series of tracks along which vesicles can move throughout the cell.
D) It connects one cell to another.
Answer: C
Q2) What is the definition of endocytosis?
A) The entire plasma membrane turns itself inside out.
B) It is the digestion of larger molecules that were brought into the cell.
C) It is the transport of large molecules into the cell.
D) It is the transport of large molecules out of the cell.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Energy and Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Predict what would happen as the entropy of a system approaches 100%.
A) All motion would stop.
B) Randomness would become maximized.
C) Order would become maximized.
D) Heat would decrease.
Q2) What happens to the ATP molecule after it has been used to do work?
A) It breaks down into carbon dioxide and water.
B) It is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid.
C) It loses a phosphate group and is converted to ADP.
D) It is completely destroyed.
Q3) Identify the stage of cellular respiration when glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid.
A) Citric acid cycle
B) Calvin cycle
C) Electron transport chain
D) Glycolysis
Q4) Explain why mitochondria are often called "the powerhouse of the cell."
Q5) What does it mean to "fix" carbon,and during which stage of photosynthesis is carbon fixed?
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Chapter 5: Chromosomes and Inheritance
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Sample Questions
Q1) How many chromosomes would a typical human cell have after mitosis but before cytokinesis?
A) 0
B) 23
C) 46
D) 92
Q2) What are attached at the centromere?
A) Homologous chromosomes
B) Sister chromatids
C) Daughter cells
D) Genomes
Q3) If a cell had 12 chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis II,how many would each daughter cell have after the completion of meiosis II?
A) 6
B) 12
C) 18
D) 24
Q4) Would a human clone have a bellybutton?
A) Yes
B) No
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Dna: the Molecule of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Restriction enzymes were originally isolated from bacteria,which used them to protect themselves from viruses.How might a restriction enzyme defeat a virus?
Q2) Which genes are responsible for your overall structure,such as how many legs you have and where they develop?
A) Oncogenes
B) Proto-oncogenes
C) Growth factor genes
D) Homeotic genes
Q3) What is the name of the enzyme that builds cDNA out of mRNA?
A) DNA polymerase
B) RNA polymerase
C) Reverse transcriptase
D) DNA helicase
Q4) What is the monomer of the DNA molecule?
A) Polynucleotide
B) Monosaccharide
C) Nucleotide
D) Peptide
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Chapter 7: Darwinian Evolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the phylogenetic tree above,which bear is most closely related to the sun bear?
A) The sloth bear
B) The brown bear
Q2) Which grouping immediately follows Order in the classification hierarchy?
A) Genus
B) Family
C) Phylum
D) Class
Q3) Which model of evolution is closest to what was originally suggested by Charles Darwin?
A) Punctuated equilibrium model
B) Graduated model
C) Neither the punctuated equilibrium model nor the graduated model
D) Both the punctuated equilibrium model and the graduated model
Q4) Evolution can be best defined as ________.
A) the production of new species
B) not involving humans
C) change in gene frequency in a population
D) always taking a very long time to occur
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Biodiversity 1: Microscopic Organisms
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which protist group includes members with plantlike traits such as chloroplasts and multicellularity?
A) Slime molds
B) Algae
C) Amoebas
D) None of the protists have chloroplasts.
Q2) The misshapen version of a protein that causes properly folded proteins to misfold is the ________.
A) virus
B) prion
C) viroid
D) capsid
Q3) Where would you expect to find methanogens?
A) Near a volcano
B) In the surf along the beach
C) On the surface of plants
D) In the digestive tract of cows
Q4) HIV,the virus that causes AIDS in humans,does not infect other animals,but only certain cells in the human body.Why?
Q5) Why is there no cure for prion-related diseases?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Biodiversity 2: Fungi and Plants
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Sample Questions
Q1) Imagine you were driving westward on a road in a wooded area.If ferns were growing in the area,which side of the road would they most likely be growing,and why wouldn't they be growing as well on the other side?
Q2) Which plants do not have roots?
A) Bryophytes
B) Ferns
C) Angiosperms
D) Gymnosperms
Q3) In which region of the plant are you most likely to find cells dividing by mitosis?
A) Meristem region
B) Growth rings
C) Heartwood
D) Sapwood
Q4) What do gymnosperms and angiosperms have in common?
A) Flowers
B) Seeds
C) Spores
D) None of these
Q5) Name four ways roots benefit a plant.
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Chapter 10: Biodiversity 3: Animals
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the key characteristics of arthropods?
A) Fused bodies, tough exoskeleton, and jointed appendages
B) Segmented bodies, no exoskeleton, and jointed appendages
C) Fused bodies, no exoskeleton, and jointed appendages
D) Segmented bodies, tough exoskeleton, and jointed appendages
Q2) What do sharks have in common with goldfish?
A) Opercula
B) A lateral line system
C) Electrosensors
D) A cartilaginous skeleton
Q3) Many,though not all,mollusks have a shell.What secretes the shell?
A) The foot
B) The mantle
C) The radula
D) The visceral mass
Q4) Which type of worm lacks a complete digestive tract?
A) Flatworms
B) Annelids
C) Roundworms
D) All of the above
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Chapter 11: Human Body Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease caused by a ________.
A) virus
B) bacteria
C) fungus
D) protist
Q2) Response to a stimulus,such that the effect of the stimulus is counteracted,is called ________ feedback.
A) positive
B) simple
C) holistic
D) negative
Q3) Form refers to ________,and function refers to ________.
A) anatomical structure; physiological actions
B) anatomical structure; environmental actions
C) physiological actions; anatomical structure
D) physiological actions; environmental actions
Q4) Of the four chambers of the human heart,which has the thickest walls,and why?
Q5) Describe what would happen if all of your skeletal muscles contracted at the same time.
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Chapter 12: Ecology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Aquatic biomes are defined primarily by ________.
A) the animals that live there
B) the plants that live there
C) their temperature
D) their salinity
Q2) The use of multiple forms of pest control including biological,chemical,and the planting of pest-resistant crops is a strategy commonly called ________.
A) intermediate species control
B) integrated pest management
C) multilevel systems approach
D) none of the above
Q3) The bird-rhino relationship is an example of ________.
A) parasitism
B) mutualism
C) predator-prey
D) commensalism
Q4) Why do some nonnative species spread so quickly and inflict so much devastation when introduced to a new area?
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