Principles of Biology
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Principles of Biology is an introductory course that explores the fundamental concepts of living systems. Topics covered include the structure and function of cells, genetics, evolution, energy transformation, ecology, and the diversity of life. Through lectures, laboratory experiences, and discussions, students gain an understanding of how organisms interact with each other and their environments, the molecular mechanisms that underpin biological processes, and the evolutionary forces that shape life on Earth. This course lays the groundwork for further study in the biological sciences and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Biology The Core 1st Edition by Eric J. Simon
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12 Chapters
699 Verified Questions
699 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Science of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fire can move,grow,reproduce,use energy,consume oxygen,and interact with its environment.Why is it not alive?
A)It does not have cells.
B)It does not consist of complex,well-ordered structures.
C)It does not pass on genes for traits to its offspring.
D)All of the above are correct.
Answer: D
Q2) What were the first organisms that appeared on the planet?
A)Prokaryotes
B)Eukaryotes
C)Algae
D)Fungus
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following would probably not be studied by an ecologist?
A)The effects of increasing CO on forests
B)Circulatory system of fish
C)Predator-prey relationships
D)Growth of a mosquito population
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which combination describes the plasma membrane?
A)Hydrophilic interior,hydrophobic exterior
B)Hydrophilic interior and exterior
C)Hydrophobic interior,hydrophilic exterior
D)Hydrophobic interior and exterior
Answer: C
Q2) How many HCl molecules are required to balance the following reaction? Zn + ___ HCl ZnCl + H
A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
Answer: B
Q3) Water is the lightest (least dense)when it ________.
A)freezes
B)is just above freezing
C)is at room temperature
D)is just below boiling
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Cell: The Fundamental Unit of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of cell,if any,does not have a plasma membrane?
A)Bacteria
B)Plant
C)Animal
D)Bacteria,plant,and animal cells all have a plasma membrane.
Answer: D
Q2) Your red blood cells behave in a similar manner as the bags in this experiment.What might happen to your red blood cells if you were suddenly unable to regulate the solute concentration of your blood and it began to rise?
A)Your blood cells would stay the same size but could no longer carry oxygen.
B)Your blood cells would stay the same size but could no longer release the oxygen they carry.
C)Your blood cells would enlarge and may rupture.
D)Your blood cells would shrivel.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Energy and Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the role of mitochondria in plants?
A)Produce ATP
B)Photosynthesis
C)Produce sugars
D)None,as plants do not have mitochondria
Q2) Where does cellular respiration occur?
A)In the chloroplasts
B)In the mitochondria
C)In the nucleus
D)In the airways of the respiratory system
Q3) You are investigating a massive fish kill in one of the shallow lakes in the area.Lab reports show no toxins in the water but a monitoring station on a similar lake reported these oxygen and pH values.What,if any,is the relationship between oxygen and pH?
A)Inverse relationship
B)Direct relationship
C)Exponential relationship
D)No relationship
Q4) What color of light is not used for photosynthesis? How could you know this just by looking at a leaf?
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Chapter 5: Chromosomes and Inheritance
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Sample Questions
Q1) The offspring produced via sexual reproduction are genetically ________ to the parents.
A)indifferent
B)identical
C)parsimonious
D)unique
Q2) What is Dawn's allele combination?
A)NN
B)Nn
C)nn
D)Cannot be determined
Q3) A common form of chemotherapy used to kill cancer cells is to administer drugs that disrupt cell division.Why might this also result in anemia,hair falling out,and sores in the stomach and on the skin?
Q4) What is the name of the syndrome that produces the XXY combination of sex chromosomes?
A)Jacob's syndrome
B)Down syndrome
C)Klinefelter syndrome
D)Turner syndrome
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Chapter 6: DNA: The Molecule of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why can a person who is unable to produce insulin,be successfully treated with insulin derived from genetically modified bacteria?
A)Typical bacterial insulin is exactly the same as human insulin.
B)The gene that produces insulin in humans was inserted into the bacteria where it continues to produce human insulin.
C)The insulin-producing gene of bacteria was altered to have the same base sequence as the human counterpart and now produces the human version of insulin.
D)Human insulin was inserted into bacteria and when the bacteria reproduce,so too does the insulin.
Q2) Restriction enzymes were originally isolated from bacteria who used them to protect themselves from viruses.How might a restriction enzyme defeat a virus?
Q3) Which nucleic acid acts like an enzyme,stabilizing and orienting different molecules to facilitate the formation of bonds between them?
A)DNA
B)rRNA
C)tRNA
D)mRNA
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8
Chapter 7: Darwinian Evolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who wrote Principles of Geology?
A)Charles Darwin
B)Alfred Wallace
C)Jean-Baptiste de Lamark
D)Charles Lyell
Q2) The modern evolutionary synthesis of the 1930s and 1940s melded together evolutionary theory with ________.
A)genetics
B)sociology
C)psychology
D)chemistry
Q3) A cladistics grouping with a shared common ancestor is called ________.
A)an outgroup
B)an ingroup
C)a common group
D)a royal group
Q4) What is the fundamental difference between the processes of microevolution and macroevolution?
Q5) How can the use of chemical control agents (antibiotics,herbicides,pesticides)lead to their decreased effectiveness?
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Chapter 8: Biodiversity 1: Microscopic Organisms
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the strategy used by many prokaryotes for obtaining their energy and their molecular building blocks directly from inorganic chemicals?
A)Chemosynthetic
B)Photosynthetic
C)Parasitic
D)Carnivory
Q2) What makes an organism truly multicellular?
A)When it forms a colony
B)When different cells in the colony become specialized
C)When the colony makes gametes
D)When the colony makes other colonies
Q3) Which organelle could you remove and the cell would still survive?
A)Nucleus
B)Golgi apparatus
C)Mitochondria
D)All organelles are required for the survival of the cell.
Q4) HIV,the virus that causes AIDS in humans,does not infect other animals,but only certain cells in the human body.Why?
Q5) Describe all the possible forms of nucleic acids found in viruses.
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Chapter 9: Biodiversity 2: Fungi and Plants
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sugars can travel all throughout a plant.How do they "know" where to go?
A)Phloem transport proteins carry the sugar molecules and bind to sugar receptors on cells where they are needed.
B)Like diffusion down a concentration gradient,sugar flows from source to sink.
C)Sugar flows by gravity from the leaves to the roots.
D)Sugar adheres to water molecules and is pulled up by transpiration.
Q2) What causes the annual growth rings of trees?
A)Damage caused by fungi that occurs during the wetter months
B)Residual bark left over when the trunk of the tree expands
C)Different growth rates at different times of the year
D)Sugars left over from the previous summer
Q3) Which statement regarding fungal reproduction is true?
A)Fungi do not produce spores.
B)Many fungi can reproduce either sexually or asexually.
C)Fungi can only reproduce sexually.
D)Fungi alternate between sexual and asexual reproductive generations.
Q4) The book mentions that maple syrup comes from the xylem sap of a tree.While this is true,why do you think most people assume it comes from the phloem sap?
Q5) Name four ways roots benefit a plant.
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Chapter 10: Biodiversity 3: Animals
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Sample Questions
Q1) Parasites have often been described incorrectly as having "devolved" from a more highly evolved organism.Why would it be more accurate to say that they are just as evolved as any other organism?
Q2) If you were to travel back in time and met a living hominin,which clues might tell you that your new friend was in the genus Australopithecus and not Homo?
A)The hominin was bipedal.
B)You were in Africa.
C)The hominin had a relatively large brain.
D)You had traveled 3 million years into the past.
Q3) Which is not a reptile?
A)Iguana
B)Bird
C)Salamander
D)All are reptiles.
Q4) How many of the animal phyla include single-celled animals?
A)0 B)1
C)2 D)3
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Chapter 11: Human Body Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) What carries a signal from one neuron to the next?
A)Neurotransmitter
B)Myelin
C)Synapse
D)Dendrite
Q2) The spinal cord is part of the ________ nervous system.
A)somatic
B)peripheral
C)autonomic
D)central
Q3) Organs are made up of a collection of ________.
A)different types of cells
B)different types of tissues
C)the same type of cells
D)the same type of tissues
Q4) Which form of diabetes would require regular injections of insulin?
A)Type 1
B)Type 2
C)Type 3
D)Type 4
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Chapter 12: Ecology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The tick-rhino relationship is an example of ________.
A)parasitism
B)mutualism
C)predator-prey
D)commensalism
Q2) Why is an estuary considered an intermediate biome?
A)It is the transition zone between freshwater and saltwater biomes.
B)It is intermediate in size,smaller than the largest biomes but larger than the smallest biomes.
C)It will seasonally dry up and cease to be a biome.
D)It is only a biome during high tide.
Q3) All living things need carbon.How does carbon enter the living portion of an ecosystem?
A)Atmospheric CO taken in by photosynthesis
B)Atmospheric CO taken in by soil bacteria
C)Elemental carbon taken in by plant roots
D)Elemental carbon taken in by plant leaves
Q4) The practice of "eating down the food chain" refers to eating more plant material and less herbivores.Explain how this is a more efficient use of energy.
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