Primary Health Care in Australia Review
Questions
Course Introduction
Primary Health Care in Australia explores the principles, framework, and practice of primary health care within the Australian context. The course examines the historical and contemporary development of primary health care, emphasizing its role as the cornerstone of Australias health system. Students will investigate the multidimensional approach to health promotion, disease prevention, early intervention, and the management of acute and chronic conditions in community settings. Topics include Indigenous health perspectives, policy influences, interprofessional collaboration, cultural competence, and the social determinants of health. The course equips learners with knowledge and skills to actively contribute to equitable, accessible, and sustainable primary health care tailored to diverse populations across urban, rural, and remote Australia.
Recommended Textbook
Understanding the Australian Health Care System 3rd Edition by Eileen Willis
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27 Chapters
282 Verified Questions
282 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/2291
Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Understanding the Australian Health Care System
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/45513
Sample Questions
Q1) A Cochrane systematic review of interprofessional practice (IPP),published in 2013,showed that IPP:
A)is a growing area of health care reform,but has little supporting evidence of impact or take-up
B)has had positive results in all clinical settings
C)requires health professionals to have been introduced to the concept during their education
D)is not relevant to the acute setting
Answer: A
Q2) The purpose of interprofessional practice is to deal with:
A)interprofessional education
B)issues of acute-care length of stay
C)issues of efficiency and productivity
D)the fragmentation of how health professionals work,particularly for those patients with chronic conditions
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: The Public Health Sector and Medicare
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Government health expenditure in Australia has been increasing at what rate per year over the past decade?
A)2.5%
B)6%
C)3%
D)5%
Answer: D
Q2) Bulk-billing is the practice of:
A)medical practitioners sending out bulk medical bills.
B)a medical practitioner accepting the Medicare schedule fee as full payment for a service
C)Medicare providing bulk rebates for medical services
D)medical practitioners billing private health insurance companies
Answer: B
Q3) What percentage of Medicare services were bulk-billed in 2013-2014?
A)68.6%
B)77.2%
C)52.74%
D)81.2%
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: The Private Health Sector and Private Health
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Is it possible for privately insured patients to use the public hospital system?
A)No;privately insured patients can only use private hospitals and facilities
B)No;privately insured patients cannot use public hospitals as this is preventing public patients from doing so
C)Yes;privately insured patients must declare their private health insurance status and are personally responsible for any financial discrepancies in charges between private and public health services
D)Yes;privately insured patients can choose to be a private patient in a public hospital,or can choose not to declare their private health insurance status
Answer: D
Q2) The Liberal-Coalition Government introduced the Lifetime Community Rating Scheme in 1997.The 'community rating' of the Lifetime Community Rating Scheme means that:
A)premiums are not based on a person's age or medical history
B)premiums are based on a person's medical history and occupation
C)premiums are based on a person's age,medical history and occupation
D)premiums are based on a person's age and occupation
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: International Health Care Systems
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is it difficult to compare health system performance?
A)Because of the different processes and policies
B)Because of the different structures
C)Because of the different institutions and organizations
D)All of the above
Q2) While health policy is important to system reform,leadership is also key - what approach has been suggested as being important for leadership in health?
A)A collective approach rather than command and control
B)A command and control type of leadership
C)Leaders who are charismatic in their approach
D)The need to recruit born leaders into health care
Q3) The building blocks of a health system include:
A)service delivery and workforce
B)information and interventions (i.e.medical products and technologies)
C)health financing,leadership and governance
D)all of the above
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Chapter 5: Public Health in Australia
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What attempts to control the determinants of incidence,and thus to shift the distribution of exposure across the whole population?
A)Population strategy
B)Population health
C)Prevention health
D)Public health
Q2) What percentage of the Commonwealth allocation from the health budget does public health receive?
A)Public health receives almost all of this health budget allocation (approximately 92%)
B)Public health receives about half of the health budget allocation (approximately 52%)
C)Public health receives about one-third of the health budget allocation (approximately 32%)
D)Public health receives a very small percentage of the health budget allocation (approximately 2%)
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Chapter 6: Primary Health Care Systems and Reforms
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following represents a selective primary health care approach?
A)The main aim is reduction or elimination of specific diseases
B)Strategies focus on curative,rehabilitative,preventive and health promotion aspects that seek to remove the root cause of ill-health
C)Complex,multiple methods provide forms of evidence and include epidemiology,qualitative and participatory methodology
D)Acknowledgement that primary health care is inevitably political and engages with local political structures such as consumer advocate groups
Q2) An international conference on public health care that took place in 1978 was articulated in a document that still guides primary health care.This document is called the:
A)Public Health Mandate
B)Social Health Directive
C)Public Health Care Declaration
D)Declaration of Alma-Ata
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Chapter 7: The Health Workforce
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) While there is a shortage of some health professionals,the more pressing problem is:
A)the time it takes to train doctors for surgery
B)the limited scope of practice of nurses and physiotherapists
C)lack of Medicare reimbursement for nursing care
D)maldistribution of health professionals with lower numbers in outer metropolitan,regional and rural areas
Q2) Palliative care services are restricted to those people who:
A)need rehabilitation and sub-acute care
B)are in the last stages of life and are expected to die
C)are elderly and live in residential aged-care homes
D)are in need of interprofessional care
Q3) Medicare items 10950 and 10970 provide the possibilities for payment for interprofessional care:
A)they are directed towards people with a chronic illness
B)they allow general practitioners to refer to an allied health professional for five visits
C)patients must have a GP management plan
D)the allied health professional must report back to the GP
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Chapter 8: The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme: Recent Trends
and Options for Reform
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following can be a long-term challenge for the PBS?
A)Increased population numbers due to an ageing population
B)Fewer retirees who have to rely on their own savings (superannuation)
C)Rising costs to government,which will mean having to increase funding by increasing taxes
D)Having to reduce expenditure on other programs as the government can't afford to subsidise all medicines
Q2) The purpose of price disclosure is:
A)greater transparency through the government setting a known price for medicines to be sold by drug companies and purchased by pharmacies
B)to collect information on the price of medicines so that the government can get the best price for consumers
C)to save money - drug companies know that they have to sell cheaper medicines to pharmacies which consumers then purchase
D)to reduce drug company profits by having them charge a lower price for many previously more expensive medicines
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Chapter 9: The Aged Care Sector: Residential and Community Care
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10 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) As the population ages,there will be an increase in the number of people living with one or more chronic conditions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Informal care contributes significantly to the care provided for older Australians,particularly as people are living longer.In addition to this care,the government provides funded care in the form of:
A)home care packages
B)referral services
C)home maintenance
D)subsidised housing
Q3) The experience of ageing impacts on aspects of life such as housing,income,health,relationships and social participation.
A)True
B)False
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11
Chapter 10: Rural Health Systems: Spotlight on Equity and Access
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11 Verified Questions
11 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following examples of innovative Australian rural health service models is designed to meet communities' needs in diverse cultural and geographical settings?
A)e-health using telehealth systems and digital technology
B)mobile outreach services
C)integrated comprehensive primary health care services
D)all of the above
Q2) The term 'affordability' refers to:
A)the fit between a client's health care needs and the timeliness and care spent trying to provide the correct treatment and care
B)the social and cultural factors that influence a client's preference for a service
C)identifying that a service exists,can be used and can change health status
D)the financial and time-related costs related to using a health service
Q3) The Australian health workforce distribution:
A)is equal across Australia
B)is predominantly located in major cities
C)reflects the population distribution across Australia
D)b and c
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Indigenous Health Systems and Services
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Apart from the health benefits of Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services (ACCHSs),they contribute significantly through:
A)providing a safe place to visit
B)taking patients from mainstream services
C)providing free transport
D)providing employment and economic benefits to Indigenous people
Q2) Community-controlled services are characterised by:
A)having Aboriginal people in key roles
B)cultural awareness training for non-Indigenous staff
C)a majority workforce of Aboriginal health workers
D)all of the above
Q3) The principles of Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services (ACCHSs)most closely align with which model of health care?
A)Tertiary care
B)Western health care
C)Primary health care
D)Community care
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13
Chapter 12: Organising Care for the Mentally Ill in Australia
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The latest plan (the Fourth National Mental Health Plan) within the National Mental Health Strategy focuses on:
A)the initial movement of people from institutionalised care to community care
B)a whole-of-government approach to mental health care
C)the funding of acute inpatient facilities
D)a reduction in community mental health services
Q2) One in five people will experience mental health problems in any year.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What are the hidden costs of the changes in mental health policy?
A)Commonwealth and private health insurance funds spent on mental health
B)Funding from combined state and territory governments diverted to mental health
C)Indirect health costs and loss of earnings for families and carers
D)The funding provided to non-governmental organisations providing support services
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14
Chapter 13: People Living With Disability: Navigating
Support and Health Systems
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/45525
Sample Questions
Q1) The interaction between the individual's right to freedom of choice and dignity of risk,and the disability and health professionals' duty of care is:
A)a storm in a teacup and we all make too much of it
B)biased towards duty of care - this should be the foremost priority for all professionals involved,and people living with disability need to respect this
C)irrelevant,as health care needs are more important than individual expressed goals and choices
D)an important element of interprofessional practice,sometimes requiring critical thinking and effective collaboration between all stakeholders
Q2) The health and quality of life outcomes for people living with disability can be improved by individualising funding and giving more choice and control to the individuals than service providers.
A)True
B)False
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15
Chapter 14: Australian Workers Compensation Systems
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following workplace environment factors has been implicated in workers' recovery and return to work?
A)Being employed in a 'blue collar' occupation
B)Short job tenure (less than 2 years)
C)the level of supervisor support
D)all of the above
Q2) The working environment and the injured worker's relationship with their employer are important social factors that influence recovery and return to work.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Workers' compensation systems in Australia:
A)have been developed by each state and territory
B)are identical across all states with regard to structure,coverage and benefits
C)have identical policies across all states and territories,but work under different names
D)operate under one central Commonwealth regulator for all states and territories
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16
Chapter 15: The Complementary and Alternative Health Care System in Australia
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to research,which group of individuals uses CAM most?
A)Men over 70 years of age
B)Women aged between 25 and 34 years
C)Young men between the ages of 18 and 21 years
D)Children under 10 years of age
Q2) The 2013 report by The National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM)stated that spending on CAM by Australians annually is in excess of:
A)$2 million
B)$3.5 million
C)$5.0 million
D)$1.0 million
Q3) Which of the following features are common characteristics of CAM practice?
A)Treating the patient as an individual
B)A belief in the interconnectedness of mind,body and spirit
C)Approaching each consultation as a partnership between patient and practitioner
D)All of the above
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Chapter 16: Oral Health and Dental Services
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The dental and oral health workforces comprise registered roles with the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency and non-registered roles.Which of the following roles does not require registration?
A)Oral health therapist
B)Dental hygienist
C)Dental technician
D)Dental therapist
Q2) Which of the following groups demonstrates high levels of dental disease and difficulty in accessing dental care?
A)People in rural areas
B)People from families with low socioeconomic status
C)Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
D)All of the above
Q3) The existing system of dental care in Australia,while providing excellent care for some,is not meeting the needs of all and is not reducing oral disease levels.
A)True
B)False
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Nursing in Australia
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The scope of practice of nurse practitioners is set by:
A)the Australian Nursing Federation competency standards for the advanced registered nurse
B)The Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia national competency standards for the registered nurse
C)The Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia nurse practitioner standards for practice
D)The Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency nurse practitioner's scope of practice
Q2) The Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA)regulates the qualifications that lead to all of the following nursing roles except:
A)enrolled nurse
B)registered nurse
C)nurse practitioner
D)advanced practice nurse
Q3) A GP clinic may employ an enrolled nurse as a practice nurse.
A)True
B)False
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19
Chapter 18: Midwifery: The Profession in Australia
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The National Maternity Services Plan suggests that the number of maternity models of care currently in Australia is:
A)two
B)four
C)six
D)five
Q2) The Australian College of Midwives developed national consultation and referral guidelines to ensure that midwives:
A)refer all women to be seen at least once by a doctor
B)have an evidence-based framework for collaboration with doctors
C)engage all women in making decisions about their care
D)have the names of doctors who will work collaboratively with them
Q3) Midwives have a responsibility to provide evidence of 20 hours of continuing professional development.
A)True
B)False
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11 Verified Questions 11 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In some states of Australia,ambulance treatment and transport is a user-pays service,therefore incurring a cost to the user.Insurance can be obtained through:
A)local post offices
B)the nearest pharmacy
C)the ambulance service directly or private health insurance
D)1800-AmboDirect
Q2) 'Ramping' is defined as:
A)long waiting times for patients in emergency departments
B)a chain reaction occurring when large numbers of people present to an emergency department at one time,preventing admission of those patients who have arrived by ambulance
C)an ambulance that is reverse parallel-parked outside an emergency department
D)A flow-on effect of patients overwhelming an emergency department instead of making a general practitioner appointment for illnesses such as colds or flu
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Sample Questions
Q1) The terms 'nutritionist' and 'dietitian' can be used interchangeably.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Since the 1960s,what has been recognised as the largest cause of death for Australians?
A)Breast cancer
B)Cardiovascular disease
C)Diabetes
D)Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Q3) Dietetic training programs in Australia are reviewed regularly to ensure that their training meets what standards?
A)National competency standards for entry-level dietetics
B)Dietitians Association of Australia nutrition and dietetics competency standards
C)International dietitian standards
D)Department of Health standards for nutrition and dietetics
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Chapter 21: Health Profession Regulation: The Case of Physiotherapy
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A physiotherapist working in a private practice who can see clients without a referral from a doctor is referred to as:
A)a secondary contact practitioner
B)a primary contact practitioner
C)an advanced-scope practitioner
D)an extended-scope practitioner
Q2) Fred,a 78-year-old man,is due to have a right total knee replacement.Before his operation he is seen by a range of health professionals who later collaborate to determine the best care for Fred to ensure he meets all his goals.This is an example of what sort of inter-professional care model?
A)Multidisciplinary
B)Transdisciplinary
C)Individual disciplinary
D)None of the above
Q3) The fees charged by physiotherapists working in private practice:
A)are set by the federal government
B)are set by the Australian Physiotherapy Association (APA)
C)are set by private health insurers
D)are largely driven by market forces
Page 23
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Chapter 22: Occupational Therapy
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The number of occupational therapists (OTs)working in private practice in work injury management has significantly increased over the past 20 years.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A six-year-old child has been living for the past four years in a refugee camp in Somalia.The camp has no schools or play equipment and she has few toys or possessions.The housing is a cramped single room with six family members sharing the space.These conditions are likely to contribute to:
A)occupational alienation
B)occupational deprivation
C)occupational justice
D)occupational science
Q3) Occupational therapists work mainly with people who have work injuries.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Occupational therapists work mainly in hospitals.
A)True
B)False
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Page 24
Chapter 23: Clinical Exercise Physiology in the Australian
Health Care System
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How many treatments from allied health professionals (including accredited exercise physiologists)can patients with chronic disease claim in a given year?
A)One
B)Up to five
C)Up to 10
D)Up to 20
Q2) Optimal patient outcomes are likely to be best achieved through:
A)one allied health domain only
B)patients deciding on the best treatment
C)a multidisciplinary approach
D)general practitioner providing a complete service
Q3) Accredited exercise physiologists (AEPs):
A)perform physiotherapy treatment on athletes and clinical populations
B)provide exercise interventions for individuals with chronic disease,disability or injury
C)diagnose musculoskeletal injury and then provide exercise rehabilitation
D)utilise manual therapy and electrostimulation in their practice
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Chapter 24: Speech Pathology and Audiology: Assessment and
Intervention for Communication Impairment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Patterns of employment in speech pathology and audiology differ such that a greater proportion of speech pathologists are employed in public (i.e.government-funded)organisation than in private ones,while a greater proportion of audiologists are employed in private rather than public organisations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The shift to a contestable market approach to service delivery where consumers are able to make informed choices about the purchase of supports based on their preferences,means that speech pathologists and audiologists don't have to be accountable for outcomes for clients.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The prevalence of hearing loss in Australia is currently assessed to be approximately 1 in 6.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 25: Health Care Managers in a Changing System
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Sample Questions
Q1) All organisations need managers to control,organise,plan and lead.'Leading' may be defined as:
A)Enabling staff to work collaboratively towards achieving the organisation's goals as effectively as possible
B)Coordinating or facilitating the work
C)Solving any problems that arise
D)Adapting the organisation to changes in the environment
Q2) The responsibility for health care in Australia is split between the national and the state/territory governments.This allows health care organisations to engage in activities aimed at making a service eligible for funding by a different level of government than is currently involved.This practice is known as:
A)cost-shifting
B)scapegoating.
C)financial transference
D)blame-shifting
Q3) Ethical practice is the ability to correctly see a situation.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 26: The Pharmacists Unique Contribution to
Australias Health
System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Medicines which must be sold within a pharmacy and supplied with the active participation of a pharmacist belong to which Schedule?
A)Schedule 2
B)Schedule 3
C)Schedule 4
D)Schedule 8
Q2) Competition among graduating student pharmacists for internships within hospitals is high.Which of the following perceptions of students is NOT likely to drive this competition?
A)Hospital pharmacists are paid well
B)Hospital pharmacists use a wide range of clinical skills
C)Hospital pharmacists can have a significant impact on patient care
D)The role of the hospital pharmacist is particularly patient-centred
Q3) Medicine problems are linked to the following proportion of hospital admissions in Australia:
A)less than 0.5%
B)between 1% and 2%
C)between 2% and 3%
D)between 3% and 8%
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Chapter 27: The Medical Profession in Australia
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Sample Questions
Q1) All medical practitioners are subject to codes of ethics,including which of the following?
A)Hippocratic Oath
B)Geneva Declaration
C)Australian Medical Association Code of Ethics
D)All of the above
Q2) Which of the following organisations is responsible for medical school accreditation in Australia?
A)Medical Deans of Australia
B)Australian Medical Association
C)Australian Medical Council
D)Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency
Q3) All qualified medical practitioners in Australia are required to register with which organisation?
A)Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency
B)Medical Board of Australia
C)Australian Medical Council
D)Australian Medical Association
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