Prenatal and Perinatal Development
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
This course explores the biological, psychological, and environmental factors that shape human development from conception through birth. Students examine the processes of fertilization, embryonic and fetal growth, genetic and epigenetic influences, and the critical stages of prenatal development. The impact of maternal health, nutrition, stress, and teratogens on fetal outcomes is investigated, alongside the importance of prenatal care. The course also discusses labor, delivery, and complications arising during the perinatal period, as well as early parent-infant interactions and their significance for later development.
Recommended Textbook
Infants and Children Prenatal Through Middle Childhood 8th Edition by Laura E. Berk
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13 Chapters
1478 Verified Questions
1478 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1193 Page 2
Chapter 1: History, Theory, and Research Strategies
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23625
Sample Questions
Q1) Unlike Freud, Erikson
A) viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development.
B) pointed out that normal development must be understood in relation to each culture's life situation.
C) minimized the role of culture in individual development.
D) primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences.
Answer: B
Q2) In Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, the __________ consists of activities and interaction patterns in the child's immediate surroundings.
A) microsystem
B) mesosystem
C) exosystem
D) macrosystem
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Genetic and Environmental Foundations
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106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Because the environments of most twin pairs are less diverse than those of the general population,
A) heritability estimates are likely to exaggerate the role of heredity.
B) it is often difficult to determine the heritability estimate.
C) it is often difficult to conduct a kinship study.
D) heritability estimates are likely to exaggerate the role of the environment.
Answer: A
Q2) Most children with sex chromosome disorders
A) are aggressive and antisocial.
B) have verbal difficulties.
C) have trouble with spatial relations.
D) have very specific cognitive challenges.
Answer: D
Q3) The genetic variability produced by meiosis is
A) rare.
B) male dominant.
C) adaptive.
D) female dominant.
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development
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106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A study involving the fetal heart rate's response to auditory stimuli during the third trimester suggests that fetuses
A) cannot hear sounds from the outside world.
B) can remember for at least a brief period.
C) cannot distinguish between their mother's voice and a stranger's voice.
D) cannot distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar melodies.
Answer: B
Q2) The male produces sperm in the __________, two glands located in the __________.
A) penis; scrotum
B) scrotum; penis
C) testes; penis
D) testes; scrotum
Answer: D
Q3) An ovum bursts from one of a woman's two __________ and is drawn into one of two __________.
A) ovaries; testes
B) fallopian tubes; ovaries
C) fallopian tubes; placentas
D) ovaries; fallopian tubes
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Birth and the Newborn Baby
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105 Verified Questions
105 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23628
Sample Questions
Q1) Early contact with a baby in the period shortly after birth
A) guarantees immediate emotional closeness between the new parent and the newborn.
B) is vital for new fathers so they can bond with the baby.
C) may be one of several factors that help build a good parent-infant relationship.
D) is essential for bonding because birth-related hormones facilitate parental responsiveness.
Q2) __________ is the least-developed of the newborn baby's senses.
A) Hearing
B) Taste
C) Vision
D) Touch
Q3) Induced labors are justified when
A) continuing the pregnancy threatens the well-being of the mother or baby.
B) the baby has not arrived by its due date.
C) the doctor determines that it is a convenient time to deliver the baby.
D) the mother and father want the baby to arrive on a particular date.
Q4) Describe preterm and small-for-date infants. How are they different?
Q5) Describe the signs that indicate that labor is near.
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Chapter 5: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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126 Verified Questions
126 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an activity associated with experience-expectant brain growth?
A) coloring a picture
B) playing peekaboo
C) learning to ride a bike
D) playing the piano
Q2) Around 2 months, babies
A) can keep track of an object that travels on a curvilinear course at varying speeds.
B) realize that a moving rod whose center is hidden behind a box is a complete rod rather than two rod pieces.
C) first perceive that a ball that moves back and forth behind a screen moves in a continuous path.
D) first begin to perceive an object's size as the same, despite changes in the size of its retinal image.
Q3) Define size and shape constancy, and explain how they contribute to infants' perception of objects.
Q4) Explain dynamic systems theory of motor development.
Q5) What is lateralization of the brain, and why does it occur?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Baby Franklin practiced his dropping and throwing schemes, and eventually developed an understanding of height. This achievement is an example of A) organization.
B) accommodation.
C) equilibrium.
D) assimilation.
Q2) In Piaget's theory, during __________, toddlers use their current schemes to interpret the external world.
A) equilibrium
B) assimilation
C) accommodation
D) organization
Q3) Which of the following sounds is the best example of cooing?
A) "oooo"
B) "mae-do" (for "tomato")
C) "rrrrrr"
D) "dadada"
Q4) Describe signs of high-quality child care for infants and toddlers, based on standards for developmentally appropriate practice.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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112 Verified Questions
112 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23631
Sample Questions
Q1) Mounting evidence indicates that __________ determines whether attachment security is linked to later development.
A) child temperament
B) heredity
C) continuity of caregiving
D) family size
Q2) After being gently scolded for taking a toy away from his cousin, 20-month-old Rainer lowers his eyes, hangs his head, and hides his face with his hands. Rainer is expressing
A) envy.
B) shame.
C) pride.
D) empathy.
Q3) Studies indicate that children who possess the __________ 5-HTTLPR gene show increased irritability when their mothers' anxiety about parenting increases.
A) long
B) short
C) mutated
D) normal
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Chapter 8: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23632
Sample Questions
Q1) In developing countries,
A) vaccines weaken the immune system and children's susceptibility to disease.
B) most childhood deaths due to diarrhea can be prevented with oral rehydration therapy (ORT).
C) most children receive government-funded immunizations.
D) widespread diarrhea leads to growth stunting but rarely to death.
Q2) An __________ of __________ during early childhood supports plasticity of the young brain, helping to ensure the child will acquire certain abilities even if some areas are damaged.
A) underproduction; neurons
B) underproduction; synapses
C) overproduction; neurons
D) overabundance; synaptic connections
Q3) Which of the following U.S. children is most likely to get his or her permanent teeth first?
A) Brooke, an obese girl
B) Malik, an undernourished boy
C) Jack, a well-nourished boy of average weight
D) Sasha, an undernourished girl
Q4) Describe the development of drawing in children in Western nations.
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Chapter 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23633
Sample Questions
Q1) Describe a Piagetian classroom. What educational principles derived from Piaget's theory continue to influence teacher training and classroom practices?
Q2) Four-year-old Paytin is shown a plate of cookies. She is told that there are 10 cookies on the plate. She watches as several cookies are added to or removed from the plate. Paytin's sensible prediction as to how many cookies are left on the plate displays her understanding of
A) ordinality.
B) estimation.
C) cardinality.
D) functionality.
Q3) In Mr. Naffie's Vygotskian classroom, he guides children's learning with explanations, demonstrations, and verbal prompts, tailoring his interventions to each child's zone of proximal development. This is an example of the Vygotskian principle of A) peer collaboration.
B) discovery learning.
C) independent exploration.
D) assisted discovery.
Q4) Explain how adults can foster preschoolers' language development.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood
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125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Eight-year-old Ayanna is asked to rate herself on personality traits. Ayanna rates herself as ambitious, competitive, cheerful, and soft-spoken. Ayanna has a(n) __________ gender identity.
A) "feminine"
B) "masculine"
C) androgynous
D) stereotypical
Q2) __________ aggression is used to obtain an object, privilege, space, or social reward.
A) Proactive
B) Reactive
C) Hostile
D) Verbal
Q3) By middle childhood, children who hold flexible beliefs about what boys and girls can do are __________ likely to __________.
A) more; engage in antisocial behavior
B) less; pursue nontraditional interests and activities
C) more; notice instances of gender discrimination
D) less; live in nontraditional homes
Q4) Describe authoritative child rearing, and explain what makes it effective.
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Chapter 11: Physical Development in Middle Childhood
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When Elliot engages in intense exercise, particularly in cold weather or during allergy season, his bronchial tubes fill with mucus and contract. This causes him to cough and have serious breathing difficulties. Elliot has A) nocturnal enuresis.
B) asthma.
C) emphysema.
D) bronchitis.
Q2) Which of the following statements about the consequences of obesity is true?
A) The consequences of obesity rarely continue into adulthood.
B) Obese children tend to show better school achievement than their healthy-weight agemates.
C) Overweight adults are less likely than their normal-weight agemates to be rented apartments.
D) Obese children seldom experience social isolation that persists into adolescence.
Q3) Describe advances and contributing factors in gross- and fine-motor development over middle childhood.
Q4) List and describe common factors associated with childhood obesity.
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Chapter 12: Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about vocabulary and reading is true?
A) Preschoolers' reading habits strongly predict later vocabulary size into high school.
B) Avid readers are exposed to more than 4 million words per year.
C) On average, children learn about 10 new words each day.
D) Children who rarely read encounter only about 600,000 words per year.
Q2) As the prefrontal cortex develops in middle childhood, executive function undergoes marked improvement and children make gains in
A) information-processing speed.
B) information-processing capacity.
C) strategic thinking.
D) rehearsing.
Q3) Gardner's __________ and __________ intelligences include a set of skills for accurately perceiving, reasoning about, and regulating emotion that has become known as emotional intelligence.
A) linguistic; musical
B) spatial; bodily-kinesthetic
C) interpersonal; intrapersonal
D) interpersonal; social
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Chapter 13: Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research findings raise the question of whether the decline in white children's explicit racial bias during middle childhood is a true decrease, or whether it reflects their A) apathy toward the majority race.
B) growing awareness of widely held standards that deem prejudice to be inappropriate.
C) sympathy toward the minority race.
D) increased understanding of different ethnicities.
Q2) According to Erikson, the psychological conflict of middle childhood is
A) autonomy versus shame and doubt.
B) initiative versus guilt.
C) industry versus inferiority.
D) identity versus role confusion.
Q3) School-age children with a history of __________ have more complex, favorable, and coherent self-concepts.
A) elaborative parent-child conversations about past experiences
B) authoritarian parent-child interactions
C) permissive parent-child interactions
D) routine parent-child conversations about current events
Q4) Describe the features of friendship in middle childhood.
Page 15
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