Preclinical Medicine
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Preclinical Medicine is a foundational course designed to equip students with the essential scientific knowledge and skills required for the subsequent clinical phases of medical training. The course covers key disciplines such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, microbiology, and pathology, integrating theoretical concepts with practical laboratory experiences. Through lectures, seminars, and hands-on activities, students develop an in-depth understanding of human structure and function, disease mechanisms, and the principles underpinning therapeutic interventions. Emphasis is also placed on critical thinking, ethical considerations, and the development of professional attitudes necessary for their future roles as clinicians.
Recommended Textbook
Histology and Cell Biology An Introduction to Pathology 3rd Edition by Abraham L Kierszenbaum
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23 Chapters
246 Verified Questions
246 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1202 Page 2
Chapter 1: Epithelium
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18 Verified Questions
18 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are important components of axonemes?
A) Actin
B) Intermediate filaments
C) Microfilaments
D) Microtubules
E) Myosin
Answer: D
Q2) Maintaining actin filament length occurs through a process called treadmilling. Which of the following proteins severs actin filaments and then caps the severed end, preventing further polymerization?
A) Cofilin
B) Gelsolin
C) Phalloidin
D) Profilin
E) Thymosin
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Epithelial Glands
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6 Verified Questions
6 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Facilitated diffusion
A) Is another name for osmosis
B) Occurs against a concentration gradient
C) Occurs through pores in the phospholipid bilayer
D) Requires specialized proteins
E) Requires energy
Answer: D
Q2) The mode of exocrine gland secretion in which the secretory product is released in a pinched-off piece of the plasma membrane is
A) Apocrine
B) Eccrine
C) Endocrine
D) Holocrine
E) Merocrine
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Cell Signaling
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6 Verified Questions
6 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The binding of a ligand to a G protein--coupled receptor will result in activation of adenylyl cyclase, which in turn will initiate which of the following pathways?
A) Ca<sup>2+</sup> -calmodulin
B) cAMP
C) cGMP
D) MAP kinase
E) Phospholipase C-Ca<sup>2+</sup>
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following is most likely to initiate apoptosis?
A) Apaf-1
B) Bcl-2
C) Caspase 3
D) Caspase 9
E) DNA protein kinase
Answer: D
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5
Chapter 4: Connective Tissue
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23 Verified Questions
23 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following cells is a type of macrophage?
A) Osteoblast
B) Osteoclast
C) Osteocyte
D) Osteogenic cell
E) Osteoprogenitor cell
Q2) Inflammation is generally a function of which of the following connective tissue cells?
A) Adipocytes
B) Fibroblasts
C) Macrophages
D) Mast cells
E) Pericytes
Q3) Which characteristic is true of BOTH brown and white fat?
A) Cells feature multiple fat-storing vesicles
B) Cells have flattened, peripheral nuclei
C) They are found in the neck and the interscapular region in infants
D) Both are highly vascular
E) Their principal role is in providing cushioning for organs
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Osteogenesis
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Each of the following statements about epiphyseal plates is correct EXCEPT
A) Appositional growth occurs on the epiphyseal side
B) Bone replaces cartilage on the diaphyseal side
C) Mitotically active chondrocytes are distributed throughout the zone of reserve cartilage
D) Epiphyseal plates are required for lengthening of long bones
E) Epiphyseal plates contain a portion of healthy hyaline cartilage
Q2) During the lengthening of long bones, the zone in which cartilage cells undergo cell division and become organized into rows of isogenous cells is the
A) Calcification zone
B) Hypertrophic zone
C) Proliferative zone
D) Reserve zone
E) Vascular invasion zone
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Chapter 6: Blood and Hematopoiesis
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During homing and inflammation, _____ occurs following rolling and attachment
A) Adhesion
B) Macrophage activation
C) Migration of T-cells
D) Selectin expression
E) Tumor necrosis factor - secretion
Q2) Which cell type synthesizes and releases antibodies?
A) Basophil
B) B-lymphocyte
C) Eosinophil
D) Monocyte
E) T-lymphocyte
Q3) Erythropoietin
A) Blocks the production of red blood cells
B) Inhibits blood clotting
C) Is a hormone released by the pituitary gland
D) Stimulates red blood cell destruction in the spleen
E) Stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow
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8
Chapter 7: Muscle Tissue
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9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Following stimulation at the neuromuscular junction, Ca<sup>2+</sup> binds to ____ on thin Filaments.
A) F-actin
B) G-actin
C) Nebulin 77
D) Tropomyosin
E) Troponin
Q2) Connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle cells is called the _____.
A) Endomysium
B) Epimysium
C) Perimysium
D) Sarcolemma
E) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Q3) The H-zone of a sarcomere contains which of the following proteins?
A) Myosin only
B) Actin only
C) Troponin and tropomyosin
D) B and C only
E) All of the above
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Chapter 8: Nervous Tissue
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In comparing the action of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
A) Myelin sheaths produced by Schwann cells are associated with a basal lamina, whereas those produced by oligodendrocytes have no such association
B) Oligodendrocyte cytoplasm is retained within the myelin sheath while Schwann cell cytoplasm is not trapped
C) Processes of the oligodendrocytes contact the node of Ranvier in the central nervous system whereas astrocyte processes contact the node in the parasympathetic nervous system
D) Schwann cells myelinate several axons, while oligodendrocytes myelinate only a single axon
E) The cell body of an oligodendrocyte is more closely associated with its myelin sheath than the cell body of a Schwann cell is with its myelin sheath
Q2) Sensory information is conducted toward the spinal cord via
A) Bipolar neurons
B) Multipolar neurons
C) Pseudounipolar neurons
D) Purkinje cells
E) Pyramidal cells
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Chapter 9: Sensory Organs: Vision and Hearing
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most of the aqueous humor produced by the ciliary body drains into the
A) Aqueous veins
B) Canal of Schlemm
C) External collecting channel
D) Scleral plexus
E) Trabecular meshwork
Q2) In the dark, Na+ channels are ____ and neurotransmitter release is ____. In bright light, on the other hand, the Na+ channels are ____ and neurotransmitter release ____
A) Closed, continuous, open, ceases
B) Closed, continuous, open, increases
C) Open, absent, closed, increases
D) Open, continuous, closed, ceases
E) Open, continuous, closed, increases
Q3) The muscle responsible for accommodation is found in the A) Cornea
B) Inner tunica
C) Retina
D) Sclera
E) Uvea
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Immune-Lymphatic System
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8 Verified Questions
8 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Macromolecules that induce the immune system to make certain responses are called
A) Antibodies
B) Antigens
C) Complement
D) Cytokines
E) Interferons
Q2) The major histocompatibility complex
A) Activates B cells to produce specific antibodies
B) Differentiates into cytotoxic T cells upon re-exposure to a known pathogen
C) Helps T cells recognize antigens as nonself
D) Recognizes and kills viral cells by secreting perforin
E) Secretes interferon on contact with a virus
Q3) The humoral immune response is carried out by
A) B lymphocytes
B) Erythrocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) T lymphocytes
E) Thrombocytes
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Integumentary System
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11 Verified Questions
11 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _____ is a vascularized, innervated structure where new hair growth occurs
A) Arrector pili
B) Dermal papilla
C) Hair follicle
D) Hair root plexus
E) Hair shaft
Q2) Which of the following epidermal layers is closest to the dermis?
A) Stratum corneum
B) Stratum germinativum
C) Stratum granulosum
D) Stratum lucidum
E) Stratum spinosum
Q3) Langerhans cells
A) Are located in the stratum basale of the epidermis
B) Are mechanoreceptor cells
C) Can be found within a cornified cell envelope
D) Have granules in their cytoplasm
E) Present antigens to T cells as part of the immune response
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13
Chapter 12: Cardiovascular System
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12 Verified Questions
12 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lymphatic vessels
A) Are open-ended
B) Eventually drain into one of the subclavian veins
C) Have fewer valves than veins
D) Have simple squamous epithelial cells separated by tight junctions
E) Merge with capillary networks throughout the body
Q2) Purkinje fibers of the conductive system of the heart are embedded in the
A) Epicardium
B) Myocardium
C) Subendocardium
D) Subepicardium
E) Visceral pericardium
Q3) Pericytes are found in association with A) Arterioles
B) Capillaries
C) Elastic arteries
D) Muscular arteries
E) Veins
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14
Chapter 13: Respiratory System
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11 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Non-mucous secreting and non-ciliated dome-shaped cells with microvilli are found in the respiratory tract. These cells are detoxifying and secrete a component of surfactant. They are also capable of differentiation for tissue regeneration. Where are they located?
A) Alveoli
B) Bronchi
C) Bronchioles
D) Laryngopharynx
E) Trachea
Q2) In the respiratory system, air moves from the larynx into the A) Bronchi
B) Bronchioles
C) Laryngopharynx
D) Oropharynx
E) Trachea
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Chapter 14: Urinary System
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The loop of Henle
A) Comprises the macula densa
B) Descends into the renal medulla
C) Is lined by cuboidal or columnar epithelium
D) Is the longest section of the renal tubule
E) Is where glomerular filtrate is produced
Q2) Podocytes comstitute the ____ of the renal corpuscle
A) Basal lamina
B) Glomerulus
C) Inner visceral layer of Bowman's capsule
D) Mesangium
E) Outer parietal layer of Bowman's capsule
Q3) Urine flows from the major calyx directly to which kidney structure?
A) Minor calyx
B) Nephron
C) Renal papillae
D) Renal pelvis
E) Ureter
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Chapter 15: Upper Digestive Segment
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are simple coiled tubular glands lined almost entirely with mucus-secreting cells?
A) Cardiac glands
B) Esophageal glands
C) Fundic glands
D) Gastric glands
E) Pyloric glands
Q2) Which of the following cells synthesize and secrete the components of dentin?
A) Ameloblasts
B) Cementoblasts
C) Odontoblasts
D) Preameloblasts
E) Preodontoblasts
Q3) Which of the following are not mucosal specializations that increase absorptive surface area?
A) Enterocytes
B) Microvilli
C) Plicae circularis
D) Rugae
E) Villi
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Chapter 16: Lower Digestive Segment
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is characteristic of the ileum but not of the duodenum or jejunum?
A) Brunner's glands
B) Leaf-shaped villi
C) Glandless submucosa
D) Paneth cells
E) Peyer's patches
Q2) Fat-filled pouches in the large intestinal adventitia are called
A) Appendices epiploicae
B) Peyer's patches
C) Plicae circulares
D) Rugae
E) Taeniae coli
Q3) The ____ secrete(s) an alkaline fluid to protect the duodenum from acidic chyme.
A) Brunner's glands
B) Gallbladder
C) Goblet cells
D) Liver
E) Peyer's patches
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Digestive Glands
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13 Verified Questions
13 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following has a mucosa that is rich in mitochondria, absorbs sodium, and is lined with columnar epithelium?
A) Anterior dorsal tongue
B) Intercalated intralobular salivary ducts
C) Interlobular salivary ducts
D) Striated intralobular salivary ducts
E) Vermilion aspect of the lips
Q2) Which of the following statements about classic liver lobules is incorrect?
A) Blood plasma contents can freely enter the space of Disse through the fenestrated epithelium
B) Cords of hepatocytes are separated by vascular sinusoids
C) Hepatocytes radiate outward from the portal triads
D) Kupffer cells are fixed macrophage cells attached to the epithelium
E) Liver lobules are hexagonal in shape
Q3) Digestive enzymes such as trypsin and cholesterol esterase are secreted by the
A) Cardiac glands
B) Islets of Langerhans
C) Liver
D) Pancreatic secretory acini
E) Principal ("true") gastric glands
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Chapter 18: Neuroendocrine System
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7 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Prolactin secretion is _____ by _____.
A) Inhibited dopamine
B) Inhibited somatostatin
C) Stimulated dopamine
D) Stimulated growth hormone-releasing hormone
E) Stimulated nerve impulse from the hypothalamus
Q2) Melatonin
A) Is secreted by the neurohypophysis
B) Is secreted immediately following synthesis by acidophils
C) Is transported along pinealocyte axons
D) Production is stimulated by sunlight
E) Stimulates growth hormone secretion
Q3) The hormone that stimulates insulin-like growth factor-1 production in the hepatocytes is secreted by
A) Acidophils
B) Basophils
C) Chromophobe cells
D) Herring bodies
E) Pituicytes
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Parathyroid hormone
A) Decreases blood calcium levels
B) Inhibits calcium resorption in the uriniferous tubules
C) Is released by parafollicular cells
D) Is secreted and synthesized by chief cells
E) Release is stimulated by an increase in serum calcium levels
Q2) The zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex produces
A) Androgens
B) Corticoids
C) Glucocorticoids
D) Mineralocorticoids
E) Steroids
Q3) What happens immediately after insulin binds to the -subunit of the insulin receptor?
A) It activates the adjacent tyrosine kinase ( -subunit)
B) It increases glucose uptake by the cell
C) It stimulates glucagon secretion by the cells
D) It stimulates the synthesis of GLUT-4 (glucose transporter-4)
E) It transports the GLUT-4 protein to the cell membrane
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Page 21
Chapter 20: Spermatogenesis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are diploid structures?
A) Primary spermatocytes
B) Secondary spermatocytes
C) Sperm
D) Spermatids
E) Spermatozoa
Q2) Testosterone is secreted by
A) Leydig cells
B) Principal cells
C) Sertoli cells
D) Spermatogenic cells
E) Spermatogonia
Q3) During which phase of spermiogenesis does the manchette develop?
A) Acrosomal phase
B) Cap phase
C) Golgi phase
D) Maturation phase
E) Spermatid rotation phase
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Chapter 21: Sperm Transport and Maturation
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Sample Questions
Q1) What structure contributes a lubricating mucus substance to semen?
A) Bulbourethral gland
B) Epididymidis
C) Prostate
D) Seminal vesicle
E) Testis
Q2) Numerous tubuloalveolar glands that secrete a motility-enhancing substance constitute the
A) Bulbourethral gland
B) Ductus epididymidis
C) Prostate gland
D) Seminal vesicle
E) Testis
Q3) Sperm move from the tubuli recti into the A) Ductuli efferentes
B) Epididymidis
C) Rete testis
D) Seminiferous tubules
E) Vas deferens
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Page 23
Chapter 22: Follicle Development and the Menstrual Cycle
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which ovarian follicle has a simple cuboidal epithelium?
A) Mature follicle
B) Primary follicle
C) Primordial follicle
D) Secondary follicle
E) Both B and D have simple cuboidal epithelia
Q2) The inner layer of the uterus is called the
A) Cervix
B) Endometrium
C) Germinal epithelium
D) Mesovarium
E) Myometrium
Q3) During which stage of the endometrial cycle is mitotic activity most intense?
A) Early proliferative period
B) Ischemic period
C) Late proliferative period
D) Midproliferative period
E) Midsecretory period
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24
Chapter 23: Fertilization, Placentation, and Lactation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about the trophoblast is false?
A) It develops into the embryo proper
B) It helps form the placenta
C) It invades the endometrium during implantation
D) It is the outer layer of cells around the blastula
E) It secretes human chorionic gonadotropiin
Q2) What cells are found between the basement membrane and the epithelium of the lactiferous ducts?
A) Columnar cells
B) Cuboidal cells
C) Fat cells
D) Myoepithelial cells
E) Secretory cells
Q3) The opening of the uterus into the vagina is the _____.
A) Cervix
B) Infundibulum
C) Ovary
D) Oviduct
E) Uterine tube
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