Preclinical Medical Studies
Review Questions
Course Introduction
Preclinical Medical Studies provides foundational knowledge essential for medical students prior to clinical rotations. The course covers the basic sciences including anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, microbiology, and pathology, emphasizing normal structure and function of the human body as well as mechanisms of disease. Students develop skills in laboratory techniques, problem-solving, and scientific reasoning while fostering a solid understanding of the biomedical principles underpinning medical practice. This comprehensive preparation ensures students are equipped to progress confidently into the clinical phases of their medical education.
Recommended Textbook
Human Embryology and Developmental Biology 5th Edition by Bruce M. Carlson
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
18 Chapters
301 Verified Questions
301 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1308 Page 2
Chapter 1: Getting Ready for Pregnancy
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26053
Sample Questions
Q1) After it leaves a seminiferous tubule of the testes,a spermatozoon that fertilizes an ovum spends the longest time in the ____________.
A)Epididymis
B)Ductus deferens
C)Seminal vesicle
D)Cervical crypt
E)Uterine tube
Answer: A
Q2) In a court case,a company was sued because a pregnant woman was exposed to chemical vapors one day and subsequently gave birth to an infant with a cleft lip/palate.The embryo was said to have had a menstrual age of 10 weeks at the time of exposure.What was the fertilization age of the embryo?
A)6 weeks
B)8 weeks
C)10 weeks
D)12 weeks
E)14 weeks
Answer: B
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 3
Chapter 2: Transport of Gametes and Fertilization
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
19 Verified Questions
19 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26054
Sample Questions
Q1) In humans and other mammals that have been studied,the first spermatozoa arrive in the uterine tubes within _________ of the deposition within the upper vagina.
A)1 minute
B)1 hour
C)6 hours
D)12 hours
E)24 hours
Answer: B
Q2) During the fertilization process,the acrosomal reaction plays its most important role in assisting the spermatozoon to penetrate the ____________.
A)Plasma membrane of the ovum
B)Corona radiata
C)Perivitelline space
D)Nuclear membrane of the ovum
E)Zona pellucida
Answer: E
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: Cleavage and Implantation
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
18 Verified Questions
18 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26055
Sample Questions
Q1) In early development,X inactivation first occurs in what tissue?
A)Inner cell mass
B)Primitive endoderm
C)Notochord
D)Hensen's node
E)Trophectoderm
Answer: E
Q2) Which of the following is not a function of the zona pellucida?
A)Preventing premature implantation
B)Containing specific sperm receptors
C)Keeping blastomeres of the embryo and its surrounding environment
D)Serving as a filter between the embryo and its surrounding environment
E)Aiding in the penetration of the endometrial epithelium
Answer: E
Q3) All of the following structures arise from the inner cell mass except:
A)Epiblast
B)Hypoblast
C)Cytotrophoblast
D)Parietal endoderm
Answer: C
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 5
Chapter 4: Molecular Basis for Embryonic Development
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26056
Sample Questions
Q1) Which family of genes is most heavily involved in segmentation of the body?
A)Hedgehog
B)Pax
C)Transforming growth factor-
D)Fibroblast growth factor
E)Hox
Q2) Which Hox gene is expressed in the most anterior position in the embryonic body?
A)Hoxc-12
B)Hoxd-11
C)Hoxb-5
D)Hoxa-4
E)Hoxb-9
Q3) Which of the following is not a family of growth factors?
A)Transforming growth factor
B)Wnt
C)Pax
D)Fibroblast growth factor
E)Hedgehog
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
6
Chapter 5: Formation of Germ Layers and Early Derivatives
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26057
Sample Questions
Q1) Which cell adhesion molecule(s)rely(ies)heavily on Ca++ for its function?
A)N-CAM
B)E-cadherin
C)Integrin
D)All of the above
E)None of the above
Q2) The major organizing center of the gastrulating embryo is the ___________.
A)Inner cell mass
B)Primitive streak
C)Primitive node
D)Oropharyngeal membrane
E)Paraxial mesoderm
Q3) In the early embryo,what molecule facilitates the migration of mesenchymal cells between the ectoderm and the endoderm?
A)Chondroitin sulfate
B)Hyaluronic acid
C)ZP
D)Interleukin-2
E)Oct-3
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 7
Chapter 6: Establishment of the Basic Embryonic Body Plan
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
28 Verified Questions
28 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26058
Sample Questions
Q1) Sonic hedgehog,secreted by the notochord,induces the formation of the
A)Prechordal plate
B)Neural crest
C)Floor plate
D)Roof plate
E)Dorsal root ganglia
Q2) The primordium of which structure is located in the septum transversum?
A)Pancreas
B)Lung
C)Liver
D)Thymus
E)Spleen
Q3) The cardiogenic plate arises from ________________.
A)Embryonic endoderm
B)Somatic mesoderm
C)Splanchnic mesoderm
D)Intermediate mesoderm
E)Neural crest
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 8
Chapter 7: Placenta and Extraembryonic Membranes
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
12 Verified Questions
12 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26059
Sample Questions
Q1) In the mature placenta,which fetal tissue directly interfaces with the maternal uterine connective tissue?
A)Cytotrophoblast
B)Syncytiotrophoblast
C)Extraembryonic mesoderm
D)Decidual cells
E)None of the above
Q2) Decidual cells can be found in the _______________.
A)Cytotrophoblast
B)Syncytiotrophoblast
C)Mesoderm of the placental villus
D)Endometrium
E)Body stalk
Q3) A hydatidiform mole is the result of abnormal _________________.
A)Paternal imprinting
B)X-chromosome inactivation
C)Regulative development
D)Maternal imprinting
E)Y-chromosome inactivation
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
9
Chapter 8: Developmental Disorders: Causes, mechanisms, and Patterns
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
11 Verified Questions
11 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26060
Sample Questions
Q1) Folic acid deficiency is now thought to be a major cause of what class of malformations?
A)Trisomies
B)Neural tube defects
C)Ambiguous genitalia
D)Polyploidy
E)Duplications
Q2) Anencephaly is associated with a deficiency of ____________ in the maternal diet.
A)Vitamin A
B)Folic acid
C)Iodine
D)Insulin
E)Cortisone
Q3) Phocomelia results from exposure to which human teratogen?
A)Retinoic acid
B)Alcohol
C)Aminopterin
D)Thalidomide
E)X-irradiation
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 10
Chapter 9: Integumentary, skeletal, and Muscular Systems
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26061
Sample Questions
Q1) Which molecular marker characterizes myoblasts migrating into the limb buds from the somites?
A)Hoxd-1
B)Pax-3
C)Sonic hedgehog
D)Hoxa-3
E)Transforming growth factor-
Q2) In the development of the human vertebral column,the proatlas anlage becomes incorporated into which of the following?
A)Bodies of the atlas and axis
B)Basioccipital bone and the body of the atlas
C)Basioccipital bone and the dens of the axis
D)Body of the atlas and the dens of the axis
E)Body of the axis and the dens of the atlas
Q3) New nuclei are added to a growing muscle fiber by______________.
A)Mitotic division of existing myonuclei
B)Incorporation of neural crest cells
C)Fusion of two muscle fibers
D)Nonmitotic division of existing myonuclei
E)Incorporation of satellite cells
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Chapter 10: Limb Development
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26062
Sample Questions
Q1) The connective tissue of the limb arises from ______________.
A)Paraxial mesoderm
B)Intermediate mesoderm
C)Somatic mesoderm
D)Lateral mesoderm
E)Neural crest
Q2) If the neighboring somites are removed,what would be missing from the developing limb?
A)Cartilage
B)Skeletal muscle
C)Bone
D)Digits
E)Melanocytes
Q3) Which of the following associations of tissues contributing to the limb is incorrect?
A)Somite - myoblasts
B)Neural crest - pigment cells
C)Neural tube - motor axons
D)Splanchnopleure of the lateral plate - skeleton
E)Neural crest - sensory axons and Schwann cells
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 12
Chapter 11: Nervous System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26063
Sample Questions
Q1) A molecule that repels the advance of a growth cone is called _______________.
A)Netrin
B)Acrosin
C)Cadherin
D)Semaphoring
E)Laminin
Q2) The cauda equina develops during the second and third trimesters of fetal development as a consequence of _______________.
A)Slower growth of the spinal cord relative to the vertebral column
B)Resorption of the tail that develops in a fetus during the first trimester
C)Accelerated growth of the thoracic segments
D)Formation of the lower limbs
Q3) The cranial nerve ganglia are associated with all of the following rhombomeres except ______________.
A)r2
B)r3
C)r4
D)r6
E)r7
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 13
Chapter 12: Neural Crest
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26064
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a poor substrate for migrating neural crest cells?
A)Laminin
B)Chondroitin sulfate
C)Fibronectin
D)Type IV collagen
E)Hyaluronic acid
Q2) Which of the following cell and tissue types arises from cranial,but not trunk,neural crest cells?
A)Sensory ganglia
B)Adrenal medulla
C)Melanocytes
D)Schwann cells
E)None of the above
Q3) Which of the following might be associated with von Recklinghausen's disease?
A)Café au lait spots
B)Neurofibromas
C)Gigantism of the limb
D)All of the above
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
14
Chapter 13: Sense Organs
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26065
Sample Questions
Q1) Surface ectoderm is induced to become corneal epithelium by an inductive event originating in the _____________.
A)Optic cup
B)Chordamesoderm
C)Optic vesicle
D)Lens vesicle
E)Primitive neural retina
Q2) Which of the following associations is incorrect?
A)Optic cup - neural retina
B)Neural crest - sphincter/dilator papillae muscles
C)Ectodermal placode - lens
D)Neural crest - pigment layer of the retina
E)Neural crest - corneal endothelium
Q3) Coloboma is a structural abnormality of the _____________.
A)Retina
B)First pharyngeal arch
C)Tympanic membrane
D)Iris
E)Second pharyngeal arch
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 15
Chapter 14: Head and Neck
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26066
Sample Questions
Q1) Meckel's cartilage is a prominent component during the early formation of the
A)Upper jaw
B)Lower jaw
C)Nasal septum
D)Hard palate
E)Soft palate
Q2) A patient reports a painful swelling located between the angle of the jaw and the sternocleidomastoid muscle.Her physician determines that the pathology is congenital in origin.What is the most likely problem?
A)Persistence of the thyroglossal duct
B)Persistence of the third pharyngeal pouch
C)DiGeorge's syndrome
D)Hypertelorism
E)None of the above
Q3) Most of the facial muscles arise from the ______________.
A)Neural crest
B)Somites
C)Somitomeres
D)Splanchnic mesoderm
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 16
Chapter 15: Digestive and Respiratory Systems and Body
Cavities
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26067
Sample Questions
Q1) A Meckel's diverticulum can contain ectopic _______________.
A)Gastric mucosa
B)Endometrium
C)Pancreatic tissue
D)All of the above
E)None of the above
Q2) Which of the following is associated with polyhydramnios?
A)Pyloric stenosis
B)Anal atresia
C)Esophageal stenosis
D)Meckel's diverticulum
E)None of the above
Q3) What malformation is associated with the failure of the return of the intestines into the body cavity?
A)Encephalocoele
B)Diaphragmatic hernia
C)Omphalocele
D)Volvulus
E)Meckel's diverticulum
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 17
Chapter 16: Urogenital System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26068
Sample Questions
Q1) The scrotum arises from the same indifferent structure as the ______________.
A)Uterus
B)Urethra
C)Labia minora
D)Lower vagina
E)Labia majora
Q2) The mother of a 2-month-old girl tells the physician that she notices frequent leakage of small amounts of a clear yellowish fluid from the infant's umbilicus.An abnormality of what embryological structure is most likely to be the cause of this condition?
A)Ureteric bud
B)Allantois
C)Yolk stalk
D)Paramesonephric duct
E)Mesonephric duct
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 18
Chapter 17: Cardiovascular System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
19 Verified Questions
19 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26069
Sample Questions
Q1) Tissue from the sinus venosus becomes absorbed into the ____________.
A)Pulmonary veins
B)Ductus venosus
C)Left atrioventricular valve
D)Wall of right atrium
E)Thoracic duct
Q2) The ventral aortic root cephalic to the third aortic arch becomes the ___________.
A)External carotid artery
B)Stapedial artery
C)Ascending aorta
D)Internal carotid artery
E)Ductus arteriosus
Q3) Which defect can be related to the neural crest?
A)Patent ductus arteriosus
B)Persistent truncus arteriosus
C)Atrial septal defect
D)Anomalous pulmonary return
E)None of the above
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 19
Chapter 18: Fetal Period and Birth
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
8 Verified Questions
8 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26070
Sample Questions
Q1) The ligamentum teres is the postnatal remains of the ______________.
A)Ductus arteriosus
B)Ductus venosus
C)Umbilical vein
D)Umbilical artery
E)Urachus
Q2) Meconium is formed in the fetal __________.
A)Liver
B)Ileum
C)Lungs
D)Amniotic fluid
E)Kidneys
Q3) The most highly oxygenated blood in the fetus is found in the ______________.
A)Dorsal aorta
B)Umbilical arteries
C)Umbilical vein
D)Pulmonary arteries
E)Pulmonary vein
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
20