Preclinical Dental Science
Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Preclinical Dental Science introduces students to the foundational principles and practical skills required in dentistry before patient interaction. Covering topics such as dental anatomy, tooth morphology, oral histology, and basic restorative procedures, the course emphasizes both theoretical knowledge and hands-on laboratory experience. Through simulated clinical exercises, students develop manual dexterity, proficiency in using dental instruments, and an understanding of dental materials, preparing them for clinical training and direct patient care in subsequent years of their dental education.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists 10th Edition by Evelyn Thomson
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Chapter 1: Dental Radiography: Historical Perspective and Future Trends
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Q1) Digital imaging replaces the conventional dental x-ray machine. A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q2) The PID is used to direct the useful beam of radiation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) X-radiation was discovered when Roentgen was working with a Crookes tube.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q4) Dental x-ray film available today is coated with emulsion on both sides.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q5) What is the name of the device that functions to direct the x-ray beam toward the patient?
Answer: A position indicating device (PID) is used to direct the x-ray beam.
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Chapter 2: Characteristics and Measurement of Radiation
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Q1) Which one of these is NOT a Système International (SI) unit of measurement?
A) Sievert
B) Roentgen
C) Coulombs per kilogram
D) Gray
Answer: B
Q2) The Compton effect causes x-rays to be scattered in all directions.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) A weighting (qualifying) factor is used to determine which of the following?
A) coulombs per kilogram
B) sievert
C) roentgen
D) gray
Answer: B
Q4) Wavelength and frequency are directly related.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: The Dental X-Ray Machine: Components and Function
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Q1) The anode is the negative electrode (terminal) in the x-ray tube.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) How many electrical circuits are used in a dental x-ray machine?
A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four
Answer: B
Q3) The duration of an x-ray exposure is determined by which control?
A) The timer
B) The line switch
C) The kVp selector
D) The mA selector
Answer: A
Q4) What is the term for the measurement of the number of electrons moving through a wire conductor?
Answer: Amperage measures the number of electrons that move through a conductor.
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Factors Affecting Radiographic Quality
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Q1) An original radiograph is exposed at 8 mA for 1.0 seconds. If the mA is increased to 10, which of the following exposure times would be correct to maintain radiographic density?
A) 0.4
B) 0.6
C) 0.8
D) 1.0
Q2) A small focal spot reduces penumbra.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The target-object distance is the distance between the focal spot on the target and the skin surface of the patient.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following statements about dental radiographic exposure variables is true?
A) Increasing the mA darkens the radiograph.
B) Decreasing exposure time darkens the radiograph.
C) Exposure time is difficult to change on most machines.
D) Milliamperage affects radiographic contrast.
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Chapter 5: Effects of Radiation Exposure
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Q1) Because they do not divide and are very specialized, reproductive cells are radioresistant.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is the difference between the effects of irradiation to somatic cells compared to reproductive cells?
Q3) Do scientists believe that radiation damage to reproductive cells is cumulative?
Q4) A stochastic effect is when a biological response is based on the probability of occurrence rather than the severity of the change..
A)True
B)False
Q5) The biological effects of very low levels of radiation cannot be predicted. A)True
B)False
Q6) Erythema is a stochastic effect of exposure to radiation. A)True
B)False
Q7) When the dose of radiation is increased, does the severity of a stochastic effect increase?
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Chapter 6: Radiation Protection
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Q1) Currently, what film speed is recommended to reduce radiation exposure?
Q2) Which of the following statements about the position indicating device (PID) is correct?
A) The shorter the PID, the less divergent the beam.
B) The longer the PID, the greater the radiation dose to the patient.
C) Pointed, closed-end plastic cone PIDs should no longer be used.
D) A recessed PID creates a shorter target-surface distance.
Q3) Fast film requires less radiation for exposure and is essential for reducing radiation to the patient.
A)True
B)False
Q4) High-energy x-rays are the most harmful to the patient because they easily penetrate to the deep tissues of the body.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) contain crystals that absorb energy when exposed to radiation.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Dental X-Ray Film and Processing Methods
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Q1) Which of the following indicates the correct placement of an intraoral film?
A) The back side faces the buccal surfaces of the teeth and away from the source of radiation.
B) The back side faces the lingual surfaces of the teeth and is facing the source of radiation.
C) The tube side faces the buccal surfaces of the teeth and faces the source of radiation.
D) The tube side faces the lingual surfaces of the teeth and faces the source of radiation.
Q2) Intraoral films are designed for use outside the oral cavity.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Each of the following statements regarding dental x-ray film speed is true EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A) E-speed film is the fastest film speed currently available.
B) Film speed is printed on the back side of each individual film packet.
C) Trademark names like "Super" or "Ultra" are not film speeds.
D) Film speeds slower than D are no longer used.
Q4) The sensitivity of a given type of dental x-ray film is known as its what?
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Digital Radiography and Image Acquisition
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Q1) How frequently should processing solutions be changed?
Q2) Which of the following statements regarding manual film processing is FALSE?
A) A visual inspection of the image will determine the length of time the film stays in the developer.
B) A film holder clip is used to transport films to and from each of the processing solutions.
C) The optimum temperature for manual processing is 68 degrees F.
D) Cleansing powders should not be used to clean processing tank inserts.
Q3) The <KT>developing agent</KT> will only have an effect on the exposed silver halide crystals at recommended time-temperature.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The fixer is responsible for creating the film's radiolucent appearance, and the developer is responsible for creating the film's radiopaque appearance.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A wet reading can safely take place after which step of processing?
Q6) What is replenisher?
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Chapter 9: Infection Control
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Q1) What is the difference between a digital image and a radiograph?
Q2) There are two methods of acquiring a digital image.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Most digital imaging systems cannot be used with conventional x-ray machines.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Solid-state digital sensors are available wired of wireless.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How many gray levels can a computer monitor display?
A) 8
B) 32
C) 256
D) 65,500
Q6) What determines the quality of a digital image?
A) Gray scale
B) Spatial resolution
C) Combination of pixels
D) All of the above
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Chapter 10: Legal and Ethical Responsibilities
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Q1) After aseptically removing the barriers, film packets that were packaged inside barrier envelopes may be processed with clean, dry hands because the film packets are not contaminated.
A) The first part of the statement is true. The second part of the statement is false.
B) The first part of the statement is false. The second part of the statement is true.
C) Both parts of the statement are true.
D) Both parts of the statement are false.
Q2) Universal precautions have replaced standard precautions. A)True
B)False
Q3) The radiographer should be able to aseptically open all film packets in a full mouth series in 2 minutes or less to avoid excessive exposure to safelight. A)True B)False
Q4) Within what time frame should the radiographer be able to aseptically open all film packets of a full mouth series in the darkroom?
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Chapter 11: Patient Relations and Education
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Q1) The statute of limitations for bringing a malpractice suit begins:
A) from the date that treatment was started.
B) from the date that treatment was completed.
C) from the date that the patient discovers an injury.
D) within 5 years from the date that the patient discovered an injury.
Q2) Which of these statements is FALSE?
A) Direct supervision means the dentist is in the office when radiographs are being exposed.
B) Each state's dental commission controls the scope of practice for dentists, dental assistants, and dental hygienists.
C) State laws governing dental radiographers with on-the-job training vary considerably from state to state.
D) Each state has a mandatory state exam or continuing education requirement for dental radiographers.
Q3) Patients have the right to reasonable access to their radiographs.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the discussion with a patient prior to obtaining informed consent to expose dental radiographs called?
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Chapter 12: Introduction to Radiographic Examinations
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Q1) Effective verbal communication begins with:
A) facing the patient directly, maintaining eye contact, and giving specific directions.
B) speaking lower than the patient's educational level to ensure that directions are understood.
C) giving instructions quickly to minimize the length of time the patient must bite down.
D) repeating requests several times to greater facilitate comprehension.
Q2) When placing the image receptor intraorally, the radiographer should ask the patient, "Does that feel okay?"
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following best responds to this patient question: "Why do you use a lead apron when exposing my radiographs?"
A) "In case you are pregnant."
B) "To protect you from possible scatter radiation."
C) "To assist with holding you still in the chair."
D) "Because it's required by law."
Q4) Should dental x-rays be taken every 6 months?
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14
Chapter 13: The Periapical Examinationparalleling Technique
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Q1) Aligning the PID in the vertical and horizontal dimensions is called what?
Q2) Which of these statements is FALSE?
A) Bitewing radiographs record the apices of teeth and surrounding bone.
B) Bitewing radiographs record the coronal portions of teeth and alveolar crests of both arches.
C) Periapical radiographs may be taken using the bisecting or paralleling technique.
D) Occlusal radiographs record the maxillary or mandibular arch (or a portion thereof) on a single image receptor.
Q3) The size #3 film or phosphor plate is used exclusively for occlusal radiographs of adult patients, and the size #4 film or phosphor plate is used exclusively for horizontal bitewing radiographs of adult patients.
A)True
B)False
Q4) All vertical angle deviations from zero in which the tip of the PID is tilted toward the floor are called "negative angulations."
A)True
B)False
Q5) Have film holders always been used in dental radiography?
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Chapter 14: The Periapical Examinationbisecting Technique
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Q1) How is correct vertical angulation achieved when using the paralleling technique?
Q2) With the paralleling technique, where is the central ray directed?
Q3) To compensate for the increased object-image receptor distance needed to achieve parallelism, the target-surface receptor distance should be increased.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is a basic principle of the paralleling technique?
A) The image receptor is placed perpendicular to the long axes of the teeth.
B) The central ray of the x-ray beam is directed parallel to both the teeth and the recording plane of the image receptor.
C) The image receptor is placed parallel to the long axes of the teeth.
D) The central ray of the x-ray beam is directed perpendicular to an imaginary bisector.
Q5) How is correct horizontal angulation achieved when using the paralleling technique?
Q6) The paralleling technique is preferred over the bisecting technique.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: The Bitewing Examination
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Q1) The two planes that can be visualized by the radiographer are the estimated long axis of the tooth and the plane of the image receptor.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Explain how the bisecting technique relates to the rule of isometry.
Q3) What is the preferred target-surface distance when using the bisecting technique?
Q4) The recommended vertical angulation for exposing a maxillary premolar periapical radiograph using the bisecting technique is:
A) +20 degrees
B) +30 degrees
C) +40 degrees
D) +45 degrees
Q5) The recommended vertical angulation for exposing a maxillary molar periapical radiograph using the bisecting technique is:
A) +20 degrees
B) +30 degrees
C) +40 degrees
D) +45 degrees
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Chapter 16: The Occlusal Examination
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Q1) For an adult horizontal premolar bitewing, position the image receptor so that the anterior edge lines up:
A) behind the distal half of the canine.
B) between the first and second premolars.
C) behind the distal half of the first premolar.
D) in front of the mesial half of the second premolar.
Q2) What is the main purpose of the bitewing radiograph?
Q3) Which of these statements regarding the anterior bitewing exam is FALSE?
A) The longer dimension of the image receptor is usually placed vertical.
B) For ease of placement and to avoid bending, the use of a size #1 image receptor is recommended.
C) Use of a longer bite tab allows for placement of the image receptor farther lingually in the mouth.
D) Vertical angulation used for anterior bitewings is increased over that used for posterior bitewings.
Q4) If periapical radiographs are available, there is no need to expose additional bitewing radiographs.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: The Panoramic Examination
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Q1) Assuming that the patient's head is in the correct position, which of the following is the correct vertical angulation setting for a maxillary posterior topographical occlusal radiograph?
A) +65 degrees
B) +45 degrees
C) -55 degrees
D) -45 degrees
Q2) Can a thyroid collar be used during the occlusal radiographic exam?
Q3) Topographical radiographs of the mandible are ideal at detecting the presence of salivary stones (sialoliths) in the ducts of the sublingual and submandibular glands.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When imaging the mandibular arch, the printed side of the occlusal film packet will face the mandible.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the purpose of the occlusal radiographic exam?
Q6) Do occlusal radiographs display dimensional distortion?
Q7) What type of image receptor holder is used for occlusal radiography?
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Identifying and Correcting Undiagnostic Radiographs
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Q1) A light radiograph can result from either underexposure or underdeveloping.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Failing to record the apical region of the teeth on a periapical radiograph most likely results from an error made in which of the following steps?
A) Placement of the image receptor
B) Horizontal angulation
C) Vertical angulation
D) Centering the x-ray beam
Q3) Cone cutting of the radiographic image most likely results from an error made in which of the following steps?
A) Placement of the image receptor
B) Horizontal angulation
C) Vertical angulation
D) Centering the x-ray beam
Q4) What causes the black paper in the film packet to become stuck to the film?
Q5) Bending a phosphor plate will result in a black crimp line.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: Quality Control and Environmental Safety in Dental Radiography
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Q1) Dental x-ray machine tube head stability should be tested annually.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Keeping a log of retakes can help identify the radiographer who needs continuing education.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In the coin test, how long is a coin placed on top of the unwrapped film?
Q4) A step wedge is a device of layered metal steps of varying thickness used to:
A) determine film freshness.
B) determine safety of the safe light.
C) evaluate tube head stability.
D) test the strength of processing chemicals.
Q5) The darkroom should be evaluated to be sure it is free from chemical fumes.
A)True
B)False
Q6) When not in use, should the PID be pointing up?
Q7) Operator competency can reduce patient radiation exposure.
A)True
B)False Page 21
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Chapter 20: Image Orientation and Introduction to Interpretation
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Q1) Developer and fixer should be stored in their original containers.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The radiographer should not handle the lead foils from film packets unless the hands are protected with gloves.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Dentists are required by OSHA to obtain and keep on file an MSDS for every chemical product used in the practice.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Fixer is caustic.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of these does NOT need an OSHA Hazard Communication Standard label?
A) Lead foil
B) Developer
C) Fixer
D) Disinfectant
Q6) Describe the appropriate use of an emergency eyewash station. Page 23
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Chapter 21: Recognizing Normal Radiographic Anatomy
Intraoral Radiographs
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Q1) A single intraoral radiograph should be placed in a coin envelope and attached to the patient's chart.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What pieces of equipment are necessary for optimum film viewing?
Q3) Which of the following would indicate that a film was mounted incorrectly?
A) The radiographs appear in anatomical order.
B) The identification dots are not all oriented in the same way.
C) The roots are pointing up for the maxilla and down for the mandible.
D) The radiographs are firmly secured in the mount.
Q4) Which of the following statements regarding film mounting is correct?
A) Anterior periapical radiographs are placed in the oral cavity with the long dimension of the film packet positioned horizontally.
B) Size #1 film is usually used to radiograph the anterior regions.
C) Size #4 film is usually used to radiograph the posterior regions.
D) Posterior periapical radiographs are placed in the oral cavity with the long dimension of the film packet positioned vertically.
Q5) What type of film mount is preferable?
Q6) What part of an intraoral film distinguishes the patient's right and left sides?
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Chapter 22: Recognizing Normal Radiographic Anatomy
Panoramic Radiographs
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Q1) Examples of anatomic landmarks that appear radiopaque include foramina, canals, and sutures.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Examples of anatomic landmarks that may appear on a maxillary anterior radiograph include the nasal septum, anterior nasal spine, and soft tissue shadow of the nose.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Bones are solid only on the outside and honeycombed within.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Radiographs taken on a 5-year-old child will most likely image 20 primary teeth. A)True B)False
Q5) Structures that are dense and absorb or resist the passage of x-rays will appear dark or black on the radiograph.
A)True B)False
Page 26
Q6) How does cortical bone appear on a radiograph?
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Chapter 3: Radiographic Appearance of Dental Materials and Foreign Objects
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Q1) The endodontic filling materials gutta-percha and silver points cannot be distinguished radiographically.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of these sequences of interpreting radiographic images is recommended?
A) Examine the teeth, determine the location of the suspected caries and periodontal disease, check the condition of restorations, and identify landmarks.
B) Identify landmarks, examine the teeth, check the condition of restorations, and determine the location of the suspected caries and periodontal disease.
C) Determine the location of the suspected caries and periodontal disease, examine the teeth, identify landmarks, and check the condition of restorations.
D) Check the condition of restorations, determine the location of the suspected caries and periodontal disease, identify landmarks, and examine the teeth.
Q3) A granuloma is a mass of granulation tissue.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 24: The Use of Radiographs in the Detection of Dental Caries
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Q1) Buccal and lingual caries are best detected radiographically.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Advanced caries is seen radiographically as a radiolucency that:
A) penetrated less than halfway through the enamel.
B) penetrated over halfway through the enamel but did not reach the DEJ.
C) penetrated at or through the DEJ but less than halfway through the dentin toward the pulp.
D) penetrated over halfway through the dentin toward the pulp.
Q3) What term is applied to an optical illusion in which radiolucent lines are caused by overlapping images of the teeth?
Q4) How do caries appear radiographically compared to radiopaque enamel?
Q5) Which of the following is least likely to be imaged on a radiograph?
A) Incipient occlusal caries
B) Moderate proximal surface caries
C) Advanced proximal surface caries
D) Severe root caries
Q6) Radiographs are often prescribed to detect caries on which surfaces of the teeth?
29
Q7) What term is applied to caries that are no longer active?
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Chapter 25: The Use of Radiographs in the Evaluation of Periodontal Diseases
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Q1) Radiographs document the amount of bone remaining rather than the amount lost. A)True
B)False
Q2) Periodontal bone changes that may be recorded by radiographs include each of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A) Amount of bone loss
B) Distribution of bone loss
C) Severity of bone loss
D) Pattern of bone loss
Q3) Vertical bone loss is the same diagnosis as </KT><KT>angular bone loss.
A)True
B)False
Q4) An amalgam overhang is a local contributing factor for periodontal disease. A)True B)False
Q5) Radiographs can distinguish treated versus untreated disease. A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe the earliest radiographic evidence of periodontal disease.
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Q1) What size intraoral image receptor should be used to image a child with primary teeth?
Q2) Which of these statements is FALSE?
A) A size #0 or #1 intraoral image receptor is usually the choice for a child with primary teeth.
B) The preferred image receptor for use with a child with transitional dentition is size #1.
C) The radiographer should use the largest size image receptor the child can tolerate.
D) The amount of radiation required does not depend on the size of the intraoral image receptor.
Q3) The radiographer should place the image receptor and take the exposure without showing the child.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The amount of radiation required for an intraoral exposure on a child is approximately twice that required for an adult.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 27: Pediatric Radiographic Techniques
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Q1) Placing table salt on the middle or tip of the patient's tongue has been shown to be effective at reducing the gag reflex.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Each of the following statements regarding the gag reflex is correct EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A) The radiographer should not dismiss patient concerns about gagging as "all in the mind."
B) The radiographer should inform the patient that there are techniques to help minimize the gag reflex.
C) Most gagging patients are embarrassed by their involuntary reaction of gagging.
D) The radiographer should let the patient place the image receptor in his or her own mouth to help control the gag reflex.
Q3) What should the radiographer do to help communicate with a hearing-impaired patient prior to putting on a protective mask?
Q4) How should pregnant patients who need dental radiographs be prepared for the procedure?
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Chapter 28: Radiographic Techniques for Patients With Special Needs
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Q1) A torus mandibularis</KT> is a benign outgrowth of bone along the midline of the hard palate.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is the extent to which vertical angulation of the PID can be increased in patients with shallow palatal vaults before image distortion is unacceptable?
Q3) What is the name of bony protuberances that may arise on the palate and lingual surfaces of the mandible of some patients?
Q4) If the vertical angulation is not increased when exposing periapical radiographs of a patient with a low palatal vault, the cusps of the crowns may be cut off of the image. A)True
B)False
Q5) In patients with a low palatal vault, the vertical angulation can be increased up to 15 degrees to compensate for the lack of parallelism without noticeable distortion.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What are three methods of localization?
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Chapter 29: Radiographic Techniques for Specific Oral Conditions
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Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/79522
Sample Questions
Q1) Rare earth screens give off a blue to violet fluorescent light and must be paired with blue-light-sensitive film.
A)True
B)False
Q2) How many intensifying screens are inside a cassette?
Q3) Which of these extraoral radiographs is most often used to aid in diagnosing temporomandibular joint problems?
A) Lateral skull projection
B) Transcranial projection
C) Reverse Towne projection
D) Posteroanterior projection
Q4) Which of the following is least likely to use extraoral radiography?
A) An orthodontist
B) A prosthodontist
C) An endodontist
D) An oral surgeon
Q5) A static charge can result in a radiographic <KT>artifact</KT>.
A)True
B)False
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Q6) What is a lateral cephalometric radiograph?
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Chapter 30: Radiographic Techniques
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Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/79523
Sample Questions
Q1) The x-ray tube head moves around the back of the patient while the cassette with image receptor moves around the front.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following describes the correct head positioning for a panoramic radiograph?
A) Midsaggital plane parallel to the floor and ala-tragus line perpendicular to the floor
B) Frankfort plane and midsaggital plane perpendicular to the floor
C) Ala-tragus line parallel to the floor and Frankfort plane 5 degrees toward the floor
D) Frankfort plane parallel to the floor and midsaggital plane perpendicular to the floor
Q3) What happens to the radiographic image if intensifying screens and film are not in tight contact?
Q4) All panoramic images have between 10 and 30 percent image magnification.
A)True
B)False
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