Preclinical Dental Science
Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Preclinical Dental Science introduces students to the foundational knowledge and laboratory skills essential for clinical practice in dentistry. This course covers the basic principles of dental anatomy, physiology, oral histology, and pathology, alongside essential topics like infection control and dental materials. Through a combination of lectures and hands-on laboratory exercises, students develop their manual dexterity by practicing procedures on models and simulators, preparing them for patient-based clinical experiences in subsequent years. The course emphasizes the integration of scientific concepts with practical techniques to ensure a holistic understanding of oral health care at the preclinical level.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology A Clinical Approach 4th Edition by Daniel J. Chiego
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16 Chapters
514 Verified Questions
514 Flashcards
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2
Chapter 1: Development and Structure of Cells and Tissues
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which cellular component facilitates protein synthesis?
A) Ribosomes
B) Lysosomes
C) Mitochondria
D) Plasmalemma
Answer: A
Q2) Endoderm and ectoderm are the first two germ layers to develop.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) ___________ __________appear in the third prenatal week as the first sign of shape change in the embryo's body.
Answer: Neural folds
Q4) Which organelle produces microtubules?
A) Nucleus
B) Centriole
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Structure and Function of Cells, Tissues, and Organs
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bone is calcified connective tissue.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) How does epithelial tissue renew itself?
A) Mitosis of the basal cells
B) Mitosis of the granular layer of cells
C) By shedding or sloughing the surface cells
D) Through nourishment of nearby blood vessels
Answer: A
Q3) Ligaments and tendons are composed of which tissue?
A) Neural
B) Muscle
C) Epithelial
D) Connective
Answer: D
Q4) _______ line the respiratory tract to move foreign particles out of the respiratory system.
Answer: Cilia
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Chapter 3: Development of the Oral Facial Region
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which defines the term synchondrosis?
A) The rod-shaped cartilage of the hyoid arch
B) The center of all growth and function in the mandible
C) A band of connective tissue containing osteogenic cells
D) A union of two bones that have been separated by cartilage
Answer: D
Q2) Sutures are fibrous joints.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Blood vessels in the third pharyngeal arch form the __________.
A) dorsal aorta
B) common carotid arteries
C) pulmonary blood vessels
D) dorsal aorta, common carotid arteries, and pulmonary blood vessels
Answer: B
Q4) The mandible develops from the second branchial arch.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Development of the Face and Palate
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The thyroid gland descends to the front of the trachea,attached to the tongue by the thyroglossal ________.
A) duct
B) cyst
C) fistula
D) swelling
Q2) Each cranial nerve innervates the tongue,except one.Which is the exception?
A) V
B) VII
C) VIII
D) X
Q3) Palatal development occurs during the __________ weeks of gestation.
A) first to third
B) fourth to sixth
C) seventh to ninth
D) tenth to twelfth
Q4) The tongue's immovable base develops from the first branchial arch.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Identity two examples of apoptosis in prenatal development.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Development of Teeth
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) List the five functional stages of change that each ameloblasts undergoes,in sequential order.
Q2) Which tissue does not support the dentition?
A) Enamel
B) Cementum
C) Alveolar bone
D) Periodontal ligament
Q3) The successional lamina is vital to the development of primary teeth.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Accessory root canals connect the __________.
A) cementum with the enamel
B) pulp with the periodontal ligament
C) dentin with the alveolar bone proper
D) enamel with the junctional epithelium
Q5) Tooth development relies on an interaction between the ectoderm and mesenchyme.
A)True
B)False
Q6) _________ bone forms between the roots of multirooted teeth.
7
Q7) The periodontal ligament attaches which two surfaces?
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Chapter 6: Eruption and Shedding of the Teeth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hard tissue resorption is composed of which two phases?
A) Mineral and collagen phases
B) Prefunctional and functional phases
C) Extracellular and intracellular phases
D) Fibroclast eruptive and osteoclast functional phases
Q2) Osteoblasts are the active cells in both the formation and degradation of the collagen fibers.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Final maturation of the PDL fibers occurs at the _____ _____.
Q4) Which of the following best defines ankylosis?
A) A fusion of tooth roots
B) A process that leads to tooth eruption
C) The removal of bone overlying the bony crypt
D) The eruption of a tooth into a space occupied by an opposing tooth
Q5) During eruption,the epithelial attachment shifts to the cervical area.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Briefly describe why humans are considered diphyodonts.
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Q7) The formation of the eruption ____________ is necessary for tooth eruption.
Chapter 7: Enamel
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the Hunter-Schreger phenomenon,adjacent rod groups lie at right angles to each other.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A tuft is a developmental defect in enamel filled with _________ material.
Q3) Which of the following does not facilitate the spread of dental caries?
A) Enamel tufts
B) Enamel lamellae
C) Incremental lines
D) Prismless enamel
Q4) Lamellae are cracks in the surface of enamel and are visible to the naked eye.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Two ameloblast cells form the enamel rod _________.
Q6) Etching the surface of enamel stimulates remineralization.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Tertiary enamel is deposited in response to structural damage.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Dentin
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dentinal tubules contain odontoblast processes,nerve terminals,and dentinal fluid.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Dentin is responsive to the environment.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which best defines sclerotic dentin?
A) The dentinal matrix that immediately surrounds the dentinal tubule
B) The first dentin formed and deposited at the dentinoenamel junction
C) Dentin directly underlying mantle dentin, comprising the bulk of primary dentin
D) Obliterated tubules, found mainly in areas of attrition, abrasion, fracture, and caries
Q4) Primary dentin consists of mantle,globular,and _________ dentin.
Q5) Mantle dentin contains larger collagen fibers than circumpulpal dentin.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Odontoblastic injury during a cavity preparation usually results in ________ dentin.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Dental Pulp
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Sample Questions
Q1) Teeth only perceive the sensation of pain.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Odontoblasts appear ___________________________ in the pulp horn area.
Q3) List five functions of pulp tissue.
Q4) The ________ of the odontoblast is the largest part of the cell.
Q5) Pulpal cells ___________ with age or trauma.
A) increase
B) decrease
C) disappear
D) stay the same
Q6) Compared with radicular pulp,coronal pulp is smaller and contains fewer elements.
A)True
B)False
Q7) The term radicular pulp is best defined as which of the following?
A) Dental pulp located in the roots of teeth
B) Pulp with a soft, gelatinous consistency
C) The opening of root pulp into the periodontium
D) Dental pulp that occupies the crown of the tooth
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Chapter 10: Cementum
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Sample Questions
Q1) Incremental lines in cementum indicate _________.
A) trauma
B) rhythmic deposition
C) developmental anomalies
D) the presence of odontocytes
Q2) Aging cementum may obstruct the ______ _______.
Q3) List two characteristic differences between cementum and bone.
Q4) Inner root sheath cells form the cellular-acellular cementum.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following is formed by cementoblasts and maintained by cementocytes?
A) Extrinsic fiber bundles
B) Intrinsic fibers of cementum
C) Calcified ligament fiber bundles
D) Principal fibers of the periodontal ligament.
Q6) Intermediate cementum overlies dentin.
A)True
B)False
Q7) In terms of cementum formation,what does OMG stand for?
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Chapter 11: Periodontium: Periodontal Ligament
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tooth movement will elicit the ________ of cementum.
A) necrosis
B) ingestion
C) resorption
D) absorption
Q2) Cemental spikes occur with excessive deposition around depleted fiber bundles.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Fibroblasts are most concentrated in the _______ _________.
Q4) Osteoclasts facilitate bone resorption in periodontal disease.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The width (thickness)of the periodontal ligament increases with age.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The jaw jerk reflex is a test for which structure?
A) Pterygoid muscle
B) Trigeminal nerve
C) Periodontal ligament
D) Temporomandibular joint
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Chapter 12: Periodontium: Alveolar Process and Cementum
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Sample Questions
Q1) Name the two components of the alveolar process.
Q2) Which movement is associated with tooth loss or hypereruption?
A) Body
B) Tipping
C) Rotation
D) Mesial drift
Q3) Which bone is regularly penetrated by collagen fiber bundles?
A) Bundle
B) Cortical
C) Haversian
D) Cancellous
Q4) When a tooth is lost,the adjacent supporting tissues are also lost.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The alveolar process supports the roots of the teeth.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Identify and describe two types of bone loss.
Q7) Tooth loss causes loss of periodontal fibers,as well as loss of _______ ________.
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Chapter 13: Temporomandibular Joint
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32 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a function of the lateral ligament of the temporomandibular joint?
A) Operates in retraction of the disk
B) Strengthens the capsule and allows freedom of condylar movement
C) Provides strong insulation between the condylar heads and articular surfaces
D) Supports the joint and limits excursions of the condyles to a normal range
Q2) Which branches of the trigeminal nerve innervate the TMJ?
Q3) At birth,condylar heads are round and covered with a thick layer of cartilage.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The action of the lower half of the TMJ is a gliding motion.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Name the two movements of the TMJ.
Q6) Which of the following is not a function of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
A) Speech
B) Deglutition
C) Respiration
D) Mastication
Q7) The postnatal condylar head is a thick band of ___________.
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Chapter 14: Oral Mucosa
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which papillae lie in a V-shaped sulcus between the base and body of the tongue?
A) Foliate
B) Filiform
C) Fungiform
D) Circumvallate
Q2) Melanocytes inject the pigment melanin into neighboring ___________.
A) leukocytes
B) lymphocytes
C) keratinocytes
D) nonkeratinocytes
Q3) Which of the following is characterized by thin,nonkeratinized epithelium?
A) Free gingiva
B) Median raphe
C) Interdental col
D) Filiform papillae
Q4) Nonkeratinocytes constitute about ______ of the mucosal cell population.
A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 20%
D) 50%
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Salivary Glands and Tonsils
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Sample Questions
Q1) The intercalated ducts of the salivary glands contain mitochondria,endoplasmic reticulum,and secretory granules.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The function of amylase is to aid in the digestion of _____________________.
Q3) Which salivary gland is the largest?
A) Parotid
B) Palatine
C) Sublingual
D) Submandibular
Q4) Which tonsil is located in the floor of the mouth?
A) Lingual
B) Palatine
C) Pharyngeal
D) Both A and B
Q5) The major salivary glands contribute ______ of saliva.
A) 50%
B) 60%
C) 75%
D) 90%
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Chapter 16: Biofilms
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Sample Questions
Q1) The dark color of supragingival calculus is attributed to which of the following?
A) Calcium
B) Hydroxyapatite
C) Organic skeletons
D) Serum and blood pigments
Q2) Calculus varies in both composition and hardness.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which type of organism appears supragingivally?
A) Neutral
B) Anaerobic
C) Gram-positive
D) Gram-negative
Q4) Bacterial ghosts are calcified bacteria.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The central __________ of a molar is an ideal site for the colonization of oral organisms.
Q6) The _________ allows plaque to form on the surface of the tooth.
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