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Pre-Nursing Studies is an introductory course designed to prepare students for entry into professional nursing programs. The curriculum covers foundational topics such as human anatomy and physiology, microbiology, basic chemistry, nutrition, and psychology, providing essential knowledge required for advanced nursing education. Students will also explore the roles and responsibilities of nurses within healthcare systems, develop effective communication and critical thinking skills, and gain insight into ethical and legal considerations in the nursing profession. The course emphasizes academic readiness, time management, and study strategies crucial for success in nursing school and future healthcare careers.
Recommended Textbook
The Human Body in Health and Illness 6th Edition by Barbara Herlihy
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27 Chapters
2281 Verified Questions
2281 Flashcards
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69 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The lung is located in the thoracic cavity.What is the relationship of the lung to the head?
A)Inferior
B)Deep
C)Anterior
D)Superior
Answer: A
Q2) The medial thigh is located
A)along the plantar surface of the foot.
B)along the inner surface of the upper extremity.
C)on the inner thigh region.
D)distal to the popliteal region.
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following is least descriptive of the occipital area?
A)Cranial
B)Midepigastric
C)Posterior head
D)Superior to the cervical area
Answer: B
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is most descriptive of ionic and covalent?
A)Types of bonding in which the electrons are shared
B)Types of bonding in which the electrons are swapped
C)Types of bonding
D)Types of bonding found only in reactions in which H<sup>+</sup> is produced
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following acts as a catalyst?
A)An acid
B)An enzyme
C)A buffer
D)ATP
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following is true of Na ?
A)Called the sodium ion
B)Has fewer protons than electrons
C)Called an anion
D)Lowers pH
Answer: A
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73 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best describes the eating of a bacterium by a lysosome?
A)Differentiation
B)Phagocytosis
C)Meiosis
D)Hemolysis
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following is a gel-like substance located inside the cell but outside the nucleus?
A)Nucleoplasm
B)Isotonic saline
C)Cytoplasm
D)Lysosomal enzymes
Answer: C
Q3) Which structure is described as rough or smooth?
A)Ribosome
B)Mitochondrion
C)Cilia
D)Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: D
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a waste product of the aerobic glucose metabolism?
A)ATP
B)CO
C)Urea
D)Glycogen
Q2) Adenine,thymine,cytosine,and guanine are
A)bases of DNa.
B)sugars used to synthesize nucleotides.
C)intermediates of the Krebs cycle.
D)amino acids.
Q3) Which of the following is most descriptive of glucose?
A)Disaccharide
B)Peptide
C)Glycerol
D)Carbohydrate
Q4) Which of the following is least related to lactic acid?
A)Glycolysis
B)Krebs cycle
C)Anaerobic
D)Cytoplasm

Page 6
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the significance of bacterial spore formation? The bacterium
A)becomes more sensitive to the effects of antibiotics.
B)becomes more resistant to harsh environmental conditions.
C)increases its reproductive activity.
D)permanently loses its ability to cause disease.
Q2) Which disease is caused by a sporozoan carried by a mosquito?
A)Typhoid fever
B)Tetanus
C)Malaria
D)Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Q3) Which highly coiled microorganism resembles a corkscrew?
A)Staphylococcus
B)Streptococcus
C)Bacillus
D)Spirillum
Q4) Ectoparasites are most likely to cause
A)itching and discomfort.
B)high fever.
C)paralysis.
D)loss of consciousness.

Page 7
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66 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The pericardium and pleurae
A)surround the lungs.
B)line the dorsal cavity.
C)are located in the thoracic cavity.
D)are mucous membranes.
Q2) These membranes are restricted to the thoracic cavity.
A)Meninges
B)Pleurae
C)Peritoneum
D)Smooth muscle
Q3) Fibrosis refers to
A)tissue regeneration.
B)repair of damaged muscle fibers.
C)regeneration of nerve fibers.
D)replacement of injured tissue with fibrous connective tissue.
Q4) Serous membranes
A)line all cavities that open to the outside.
B)cover the brain and spinal cord.
C)are connective tissue membranes.
D)line the abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities.
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Sample Questions
Q1) The stratum corneum is
A)the outermost layer of the epidermis.
B)an epidermal layer.
C)nourished by blood vessels within the dermis.
D)all of the above.
Q2) Apocrine glands
A)become active at puberty.
B)are exocrine glands.
C)are found primarily in the axillary and genital areas.
D)All of the above are true.
Q3) Which of the following is true of sebaceous glands?
A)They are exocrine glands.
B)They are primarily responsible for temperature regulation.
C)They secrete melanin in response to ultraviolet radiation.
D)They secrete vitamin D in response to ultraviolet radiation.
Q4) Which of the following describes exfoliation and desquamation?
A)The sloughing off by the stratum corneum of dead cells
B)The elimination of heat as part of the thermoregulatory mechanism
C)The conservation of heat as part of the thermoregulatory mechanism
D)Tanning as a protective mechanism from ultraviolet radiation
Page 9
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102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which bone is distal to the acetabulum and proximal to the patella?
A)Femur
B)Tibia
C)Fibula
D)Calcaneus
Q2) The periosteum
A)is a tough connective tissue.
B)is the outer lining of a long bone.
C)provides a site of attachment for tendons.
D)All of the above are true.
Q3) Which of the following bones articulate at a suture?
A)Occipital and atlas
B)Temporal and mandible
C)Frontal and parietal
D)Atlas and axis
Q4) Which bones are distal to the radius and ulna and proximal to the metacarpals?
A)Pollux
B)Carpals
C)Tarsals
D)Hallux
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Sample Questions
Q1) Contraction of the right sternocleidomastoid muscle
A)acts antagonistically to the pectoralis major.
B)acts synergistically with the trapezius.
C)hyperextends the head.
D)rotates the head down and to the left.
Q2) Creatine phosphate provides the skeletal muscle with A)energy used to synthesize ATP.
B)lactic acid.
C)oxygen.
D)myoglobin.
Q3) Which group of muscles is located on the posterior thigh?
A)Rotator cuff muscles
B)Quadriceps femoris
C)Hamstrings
D)Muscles of mastication
Q4) Which type of muscle requires stimulation by a somatic motor neuron?
A)Visceral
B)Smooth
C)Cardiac
D)Skeletal

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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best illustrates cerebral lateralization?
A)Narcotics depress medullary respiratory activity.
B)In most people speech is a left hemisphere function.
C)The precentral gyrus is motor,while the postcentral gyrus is sensory.
D)The occipital lobe receives sensory information from both eyes.
Q2) Which is true of both the occipital and temporal lobes? Both
A)are anterior to the central sulcus.
B)are concerned exclusively with motor activity.
C)are brain stem structures.
D)are cerebral lobes.
Q3) The choroid plexus
A)is the site where cerebrospinal fluid is formed.
B)is part of the internal carotid artery.
C)drains cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space.
D)All of the above are true.
Q4) The neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine (ACh) are stored within the A)tips of the dendrites.
B)cell body.
C)postsynaptic receptors.
D)axon terminals.

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Sample Questions
Q1) Which group is incorrect?
A)Spinal nerves: phrenic,axillary,pudendal
B)Reflexes: baroreceptor,withdrawal,pupillary,patellar,gag
C)Nerve damage: crutch palsy,wristdrop,footdrop,Bell's palsy
D)Cranial nerves: vagus,facial,median cubital,oculomotor
Q2) The _____ nerve (tract) carries sensory information toward the brain.
A)phrenic
B)pyramidal
C)corticospinal
D)spinothalamic
Q3) Which of the following nerves is often "deadened" or anesthetized for the purpose of childbirth?
A)Pudendal
B)Sciatic
C)Cauda equina
D)Phrenic
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Sample Questions
Q1) Muscarinic receptors are associated with
A)paravertebral ganglia.
B)preganglionic parasympathetic fibers.
C)postganglionic parasympathetic fibers.
D)all fibers that secrete ACh.
Q2) Vasomotor tone is
A)a vasoconstrictor effect caused by background firing of the sympathetic nerves.
B)a vagally induced peripheral vasodilation.
C)caused by parasympathomimetic drugs.
D)caused by sympatholytic drugs.
Q3) Which of the following is descriptive of a panic attack?
A)Muscarinic activation
B)Vagomimetic
C)Fight or flight
D)All of the above
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mydriasis
A)refers to pupillary dilation.
B)is a response to muscarinic activation.
C)occurs when the circular muscle of the iris constricts.
D)reduces the amount of light that enters the eye.
Q2) Eyelids are described by which of the following?
A)Palpebrae and canthi (medial and lateral)
B)Circular and radial muscles
C)Cornea and sclera
D)Accommodation and convergence
Q3) The sclera
A)is the outer layer of the eyeball.
B)contains the rods and cones.
C)secretes aqueous humor.
D)is the attachment site for the suspensory ligaments.
Q4) Which of the following best describes pupillary dilation?
A)Miosis
B)Refraction
C)Amblyopia
D)Mydriasis

15
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not under the direct control of the pituitary gland?
A)Adrenal cortical secretion of glucocorticoid
B)Parathyroid secretion of PTH
C)Thyroid gland secretion of T and T
D)Ovarian secretion of estrogen and progesterone
Q2) The beta cells of the islets of Langerhans
A)are the hormone-secreting cells of the adrenal cortex.
B)are insulin-secreting pancreatic cells.
C)secrete releasing hormones.
D)secrete steroids.
Q3) Growth hormone
A)is secreted by the adenohypophysis.
B)stimulates growth of the musculoskeletal system.
C)is also called somatotropic hormone.
D)All of the above are true.
Q4) Iodine-containing hormones
A)include thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
B)are secreted by the hypothalamus as releasing hormones.
C)are steroids.
D)regulate the metabolic rate.

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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following conditions is caused by an overdose of heparin or warfarin sodium (Coumadin)?
A)Bleeding
B)Infection
C)Jaundice
D)Thrombosis
Q2) Petechiae formation
A)is characteristic of sickle cell anemia.
B)is most often prevented by a diet that is high in vitamin K.
C)refers to pinpoint hemorrhages under the skin.
D)is caused by a deficiency of reticulocytes.
Q3) Both the red blood cell and white blood cell
A)are classified as granulocytes or agranulocytes.
B)contain iron that acts as a binding site for oxygen.
C)contain hemoglobin.
D)are produced in the bone marrow.
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102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The epicardium is a layer of the
A)myocardium.
B)diaphragm.
C)pericardium.
D)endocardium.
Q2) What is located at the second rib and fifth intercostal space?
A)Base and apex of the heart
B)Semilunar valves
C)AV valves
D)SA node and AV nodes
Q3) Which of the following is least descriptive of the myocardium?
A)Supplied with blood by the coronary arteries
B)Thicker in the ventricles than the atria
C)Thicker in the left ventricle than the right ventricle
D)Thicker in the left atrium than the right ventricle
Q4) Which of the following is most related to "lubb" (of the lubb-dupp duo)?
A)Called S
B)Caused by the closure of the AV valves
C)Occurs in response to ventricular contraction
D)All of the above

Page 18
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which term refers to the amount of blood pumped by the heart in 1 minute?
A)Stroke volume
B)Cardiac output
C)Starling's law of the heart
D)Inotropic effect
Q2) Systole and diastole describe the function of the A)pericardium.
B)SA node.
C)myocardium.
D)mediastinum.
Q3) An increase in venous return causes an increase in cardiac output.This is accomplished by
A)a (+) inotropic effect.
B)depolarization.
C)Starling's law of the heart.
D)a (+) chronotropic effect.
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true?
A)The jugular vein drains blood from the liver.
B)Both the vertebral arteries and the internal carotid arteries carry oxygenated blood to the brain.
C)The portal vein delivers oxygenated blood to the liver.
D)Both the superior and inferior venae cavae empty blood into the jugular veins.
Q2) An occlusion of this blood vessel is most apt to cause difficulties in cognition.
A)Common carotid artery
B)Portal vein
C)Subclavian artery
D)Median cubital vein
Q3) The patient is scheduled for a cardiac catheterization.A catheter is inserted into the femoral artery and threaded in a retrograde direction into the coronary arteries.Regarding the pathway of the catheter,it will be threaded through all the blood vessels except the
A)descending aorta.
B)ascending aorta.
C)abdominal aorta.
D)inferior vena cava.

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Sample Questions
Q1) An agent that is described as a vasopressor
A)causes peripheral vasodilation.
B)elevates blood pressure.
C)decreases systemic vascular resistance.
D)decreases cardiac output.
Q2) What is the term that refers to the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings?
A)Pulse deficit
B)Cardiac output
C)Stroke volume
D)Pulse pressure
Q3) While "taking" a blood pressure,you record the first Korotkoff sounds as the A)pulse pressure.
B)mean arterial blood pressure.
C)diastolic reading.
D)systolic reading.
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Sample Questions
Q1) Elephantiasis is
A)CO = HR× SV× pulse pressure.
B)caused by the destruction of valves within the lymphatic vessels.
C)edema formation in response to impaired lymphatic drainage.
D)caused by the removal of the spleen.
Q2) Why does lymph contain protein?
A)Protein is synthesized by the lymph nodes.
B)Protein leaks out of the capillaries into the tissue spaces and is absorbed into the lymphatic capillaries.
C)The cells that line the lymphatic vessels synthesize protein.
D)Adenoids transport plasma protein into the lymphatic vessels.
Q3) This organ engages in erythropoiesis in the fetus,produces lymphocytes in the adult,and stores platelets.
A)Liver
B)Spleen
C)Adenoids
D)Tonsils
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which cells secrete a cytokine that stimulates both T and B cells?
A)Platelets
B)Killer T cells
C)Erythrocytes
D)Helper T cells
Q2) Which of the following is true of Kupffer cells?
A)Fixed macrophages
B)Located in the thymus gland
C)Secrete thymosins
D)Destroy plasma cells
Q3) Which of the following T cells do not participate in the destruction of the pathogen but allow for a more rapid response if the antigen is presented at a later time?
A)Killer T cells
B)Suppressor T cells
C)Thrombocytes
D)Memory T cells
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a structure located within the lungs?
A)Visceral pleura
B)Primary bronchi
C)Parietal pleura
D)Intrapleural space
Q2) Hypoventilation can cause
A)bleeding and hypotension.
B)alkalosis and Kussmaul respirations.
C)hypoxemia and acidosis.
D)hyperglycemia and acidosis.
Q3) Respirations are primarily controlled by the A)medulla oblongata.
B)cerebellum.
C)spinal cord.
D)frontal lobe.
Q4) Which of the following is an upper respiratory structure?
A)Alveoli
B)Larynx
C)Bronchi
D)Bronchioles
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Sample Questions
Q1) The mesentery,mesocolon,and omentum are
A)peritoneal membranes.
B)mucous membranes.
C)located within the thorax.
D)segments of the small intestine.
Q2) The sphincter of Oddi,ampulla of Vater,and cystic duct
A)drain into the portal vein.
B)are biliary structures.
C)carry pancreatic enzymes to the duodenum.
D)connect the pylorus to the duodenum.
Q3) Which of the following is a hormone?
A)HCl
B)Cholecystokinin
C)Trypsin
D)Lipase
Q4) Which of the following refers to the roof of the mouth?
A)Uvula
B)Tonsil
C)Frenulum
D)Palate
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Sample Questions
Q1) Glucose is not normally excreted in the urine because
A)glucose cannot be filtered.
B)all filtered glucose is reabsorbed.
C)glucose is used up by the metabolizing nephron units.
D)glucose is converted to ammonia in the distal tubule and excreted as urea.
Q2) The urinary bladder
A)contains only skeletal muscle.
B)receives urine from two urethras.
C)causes diuresis in response to ADH deficiency.
D)causes micturition when the detrusor muscle contracts and the internal sphincter relaxes.
Q3) The proximal convoluted tubules extend to become the A)peritubular capillaries.
B)collecting duct.
C)descending limb (loop of Henle).
D)glomeruli.
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Q1) This anion is an important part of a major buffer pair and therefore plays an important role in acid-base regulation.
A)Na+
B)Bicarbonate
C)HCO -
D)Both B and C are true
Q2) Which group is incorrect?
A)Cations: sodium,potassium,calcium
B)Acid-base imbalances: acidosis,alkalosis
C)Lines of defense against acid-base imbalance: buffers,lungs,kidneys
D)Transcellular fluids: aqueous humor,cerebrospinal fluid,plasma
Q3) Which ion determines the resting membrane potential of nerve and muscle?
A)Sodium
B)Calcium
C)Hydrogen
D)Potassium
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Q1) Which structure carries both urine and semen?
A)Vagina
B)Urethra
C)Ejaculatory duct
D)Vas deferens
Q2) What is the male copulatory organ called?
A)Penis
B)Vas deferens
C)Prostate gland
D)Testes
Q3) Which of the following is a "guy thing"?
A)Ovulation
B)Emission
C)Implantation
D)Midcycle surge of LH
Q4) Menstruation occurs in response to A)an LH surge.
B)diminished plasma levels of estrogen and progesterone.
C)elevated plasma levels of hCG.
D)elevation of plasma levels of FSH and LH.
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Q1) What "lives" in the fallopian tube for a brief period of time?
A)An embryo
B)A fetus
C)A blastocyst
D)A zygote
Q2) Which of the following is the first event?
A)Parturition
B)Implantation
C)Placental development
D)Secretion of vernix caseosa
Q3) Which of the following literally means "monster-producing"?
A)Abortion
B)Involution
C)Teratogenic
D)Embryonic
Q4) Which of the following is least related to the sex chromosomes?
A)XX
B)XY
C)Autosomes
D)X-linked
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