Pre-Nursing Studies
Final Exam
Course Introduction
Pre-Nursing Studies is an introductory course designed to prepare students for entry into professional nursing programs. It covers foundational concepts in human anatomy and physiology, medical terminology, nutrition, and microbiology, while also emphasizing essential skills such as critical thinking, effective communication, and ethical decision-making in healthcare. Students will explore the roles and responsibilities of nurses within diverse healthcare settings, gain insights into patient care and safety, and develop study strategies necessary for success in rigorous nursing curricula. This course serves as a stepping stone for individuals seeking to pursue a career in nursing, providing the academic and personal preparation needed for advanced nursing education.
Recommended Textbook
The Human Body in Health and Illness 6th Edition by Barbara Herlihy
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27 Chapters
2281 Verified Questions
2281 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to the Human Body
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69 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which region is included within the left lower quadrant (LLQ)?
A)Umbilical
B)Left hypochondriac
C)Epigastric
D)Left iliac
Answer: D
Q2) The proximal end of the thigh bone (femur) is
A)distal to the knee.
B)closer to the knee than to the inguinal area.
C)distal to the pedal area.
D)closer to the inguinal area than to the umbilical area.
Answer: D
Q3) Which of the following is true?
A)The wrist is proximal to the elbow.
B)The distal humerus (arm bone) is closer to the axilla than to the elbow.
C)The proximal thigh bone is closer to the hip than to the knee.
D)The distal tibia (shin bone) is closer to the knee than to the ankle.
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: Basic Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is most descriptive of ionic and covalent?
A)Types of bonding in which the electrons are shared
B)Types of bonding in which the electrons are swapped
C)Types of bonding
D)Types of bonding found only in reactions in which H<sup>+</sup> is produced
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following is correct about the following reaction: NaCl Na + Cl<sup>-</sup>?
A)Neutralization
B)Ionization
C)Anabolic
D)Irreversible
Answer: B
Q3) Which process refers to the dissociation of NaCl into Na and Cl-?
A)Radioactivity
B)Ionization
C)Covalent bonding
D)Hydrogen bonding
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Cells
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most K is located in the cells,with little K in the tissue spaces.What accounts for the movement of additional K into the cells?
A)K+ in the tissue fluid diffuses into the cell.
B)K+ enters the cell in response to facilitated diffusion.
C)K+ is actively pumped into the cell.
D)K+ enters the cell because of pinocytosis.
Answer: C
Q2) What is the transport mechanism in this description: A passive process that uses a pressure difference as its driving force?
A)Facilitated diffusion
B)An ATP-driven pump
C)Diffusion
D)Filtration
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Cell Metabolism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following terms is most descriptive of ribose and deoxyribose?
A)Steroids
B)Lipids
C)Sugars
D)Disaccharides
Q2) Monosaccharides
A)include glucose,fructose,and galactose.
B)include sucrose,lactose,and maltose.
C)are classified as saturated and unsaturated.
D)are carbohydrate-splitting enzymes.
Q3) Which of the following carries the individual amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome for assembly into a protein?
A)DNA
B)tRNA
C)mRNA
D)ATP
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Chapter 5: Microbiology Basics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Influenza is best described as a(n)
A)localized infection.
B)allergic reaction.
C)bacterial infection.
D)systemic infection.
Q2) Tinea capitis,Tinea barbae,and Tinea pedis are
A)commonly called athlete's foot.
B)ringworm.
C)staphylococcus infections.
D)manifestations of shingles.
Q3) A helminth is a(n)
A)parasite.
B)arthropod.
C)worm.
D)bacterium.
Q4) Typhoid Mary harbored the Salmonella pathogen in her A)urine (kidneys).
B)respiratory secretions (lungs).
C)nasal secretions (nose).
D)bile (gallbladder).
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Chapter 6: Tissues and Membranes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of membrane lines the body cavities that open to the exterior of the body?
A)Serous membrane
B)Synovial membrane
C)Mucous membrane
D)Meninges
Q2) Squamous
A)means striated or striped.
B)means joint lining.
C)refers to the flattened appearance of fish scales.
D)refers to electrical conduction.
Q3) Endocrine is least often described as
A)hormone secreting.
B)ductless.
C)glandular epithelium.
D)contractile.
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8
Chapter 7: Integumentary System and Body Temperature
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Sample Questions
Q1) The stratum corneum is
A)the outermost layer of the epidermis.
B)an epidermal layer.
C)nourished by blood vessels within the dermis.
D)all of the above.
Q2) Both the mammary glands and ceruminous glands
A)are sebaceous glands.
B)are modified sweat glands.
C)are concerned with temperature regulation.
D)secrete earwax.
Q3) Apocrine glands
A)become active at puberty.
B)are exocrine glands.
C)are found primarily in the axillary and genital areas.
D)All of the above are true.
Q4) Which gland is most likely to develop a blackhead or pimple?
A)Sebaceous
B)Apocrine
C)Eccrine
D)Sudoriferous
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Chapter 8: Skeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The diaphysis is the
A)site of blood cell formation.
B)growth plate.
C)bone structure that is covered by articular cartilage.
D)shaft of a long bone.
Q2) Fontanels
A)are present in fetal and infant skulls.
B)allow expansion of the infant skull during growth.
C)eventually fuse or seal.
D)involve all of the above.
Q3) What is the term that refers to the replacement of cartilage by bone?
A)Osteoporosis
B)Osteomalacia
C)Ossification
D)Myelosuppression
Q4) Which of the following is located at the ends of a long bone?
A)Diaphysis
B)Periosteum
C)Epiphysis
D)Medullary cavity
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ___________________ inserts on the quadriceps ligament,causing extension of the leg at the knee.
A)rectus femoris
B)semimembranosus
C)gastrocnemius
D)sartorius
Q2) The calf muscle (gastrocnemius) attaches to the calcaneus by the A)Achilles tendon.
B)soleus.
C)quadriceps ligament.
D)popliteal ligaments.
Q3) Which group is incorrect?
A)Dysfunction at the neuromuscular junction: botulism,myasthenia gravis
B)Contractile proteins: thin filaments,myosin,aponeurosis
C)Terms that describe the muscle activity of a whole muscle: twitch,tetany
D)Movements: flexion,supination,abduction
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11
Chapter 10: Nervous System: Nervous Tissue and Brain
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cerebral spinal fluid
A)is produced by the corpus callosum.
B)cushions the brain,delivers nutrients to the brain,and removes wastes.
C)circulates between the cranium and the brain.
D)is secreted by the astrocytes.
Q2) The gaze center
A)is located in the postcentral gyrus.
B)enables the eyes to track an object.
C)is part of the primary auditory cortex.
D)enables the brain to ignore repetitive background noise.
Q3) Which of the following is a consequence of a blocked cerebral aqueduct within the fetal brain?
A)Meningitis
B)Spina bifida
C)Hydrocephalus
D)Microcephalia
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Chapter 11: Nervous System: Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerves
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Sample Questions
Q1) The fifth cranial nerve,called the _____ nerve,is a mixed nerve that detects sensations from the scalp,face,and teeth.
A)olfactory
B)facial
C)vestibulocochlear
D)trigeminal
Q2) Which of the following is descriptive of cranial nerve VIII?
A)Motor nerve
B)Spinal nerve
C)Vestibulocochlear
D)Concerned with vision
Q3) Which of the following is the major motor tract?
A)Cauda equina
B)Spinocerebellar
C)Pyramidal
D)Spinothalamic
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Chapter 12: Autonomic Nervous System
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42 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is descriptive of a panic attack?
A)Muscarinic activation
B)Vagomimetic
C)Fight or flight
D)All of the above
Q2) Which of the following is an effect of postganglionic parasympathetic discharge?
A)Slowed heart rate
B)Increased blood pressure
C)Dilation of the pupil of the eye
D)Stronger contraction of the heart
Q3) Which of the following is an adrenergic fiber?
A)Postganglionic parasympathetic
B)Preganglionic sympathetic
C)Preganglionic parasympathetic
D)Postganglionic sympathetic
Q4) Paravertebral ganglia
A)are part of the craniosacral outflow.
B)"drive" the vagus nerve.
C)are located within the organs of innervation.
D)are also called the sympathetic chain ganglia.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Sensory System
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114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which structure is attached to the lens,causing its shape to be changed?
A)Retina
B)Iris
C)Cornea
D)Suspensory ligaments
Q2) Which layer of the eyeball supplies blood to the retina?
A)Rods and cones
B)Sclera
C)Choroid
D)Iris
Q3) The superior rectus muscle
A)causes miosis.
B)causes mydriasis.
C)moves the eyeball.
D)regulates accommodation.
Q4) The occipital lobe
A)receives information from cranial nerve III.
B)sends motor information to the iris,thereby controlling pupillary size.
C)receives sensory information from cranial nerve II.
D)contains the primary auditory cortex.
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Chapter 14: Endocrine System
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113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) As plasma levels of calcium decrease
A)insulin is secreted.
B)the parathyroid glands secrete an osteoclastic hormone.
C)the kidneys excrete calcium and phosphorus.
D)calcitonin is secreted.
Q2) Which of the following is least descriptive of the hypothalamus?
A)Secretes releasing hormones
B)Controls the secretion of the anterior pituitary gland
C)Secretes ACTH,TSH,and gonadotropins
D)Synthesizes oxytocin and ADH
Q3) Insulin
A)stimulates the formation of glycogen.
B)increases the transport of glucose into a cell.
C)stimulates the synthesis of proteins and fats.
D)All of the above are true.
Q4) Which of the following is descriptive of the adrenal cortex?
A)It is the target gland of ACTH.
B)It secretes catecholamines.
C)It secretes hormones that lower blood glucose.
D)It secretes iodine-containing hormones.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Blood
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118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the name of the condition caused by a diet that is deficient in iron?
A)Leukopenia
B)Anemia
C)Jaundice
D)Kernicterus
Q2) What happens when thrombin levels elevate locally?
A)The patient bleeds.
B)The patient becomes jaundiced.
C)The blood clots.
D)Prothrombin time is prolonged.
Q3) Which of the following is descriptive of hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus?
A)Flushed
B)Yellow
C)Blue
D)Ecchymotic
Q4) Thrombocytopenia
A)refers to a deficiency of platelets.
B)is caused by myelosuppression.
C)may be accompanied by aplastic anemia and granulocytopenia.
D)All of the above are true.
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Chapter 16: Anatomy of the Heart
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are ventricles "doing" during atrial contraction?
A)Pumping blood into the great vessels
B)Closing their AV valves
C)Relaxing
D)Opening their semilunar valves
Q2) What is the hardest working cardiac chamber and therefore has the thickest myocardium?
A)Right atrium
B)Right ventricle
C)Left atrium
D)Left ventricle
Q3) Which of the following is not true of the heart?
A)The heart is located within the mediastinum.
B)The apex is located left of the sternal midline at the level of the fifth intercostal space.
C)The base of the heart is located at the level of the second rib.
D)The pericardium is composed of actin and myosin.
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18
Chapter 17: Function of the Heart
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Sample Questions
Q1) Starling's law of the heart relates force of myocardial contraction with A)heart rate.
B)preload.
C)end-systolic volume.
D)blood pressure.
Q2) Which of the following refers to a positive inotropic effect?
A)Heart block
B)A slow heart rate
C)A rapid heartbeat
D)An increased myocardial contractile force
Q3) Which of the following is descriptive of the vagus nerve?
A)Fight-or-flight
B)Parasympathetic
C)Sympathetic
D)Adrenergic
Q4) Most of the symptoms of acute left-sided heart failure are A)relieved by morphine.
B)cured by an antibiotic.
C)respiratory in nature (e.g. ,dyspnea,orthopnea).
D)confined to the lower extremities,as in pedal edema.
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Chapter 18: Anatomy of the Blood Vessels and Special
Circulations
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which fetal blood vessel is oxygen concentration greatest?
A)Aorta
B)Umbilical vein
C)Umbilical arteries
D)Left ventricle
Q2) The merger of these two arteries forms the basilar artery.
A)Internal carotid arteries
B)Subclavian arteries
C)Vertebral arteries
D)Brachiocephalic arteries
Q3) The carotid and vertebral arteries supply the A)heart.
B)liver.
C)lungs.
D)brain.
Q4) Which of the following is most likely to cause portal vein hypertension?
A)Carotid artery occlusion
B)Defective valves in the deep veins of the legs
C)Cirrhosis of the liver
D)Ruptured aortic aneurysm
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Chapter 19: Functions of the Blood Vessels
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true? (CO is cardiac output,BP is blood pressure,SV is stroke volume,HR is heart rate,SVR is systemic vascular resistance. )
A)CO = HR× SV× pulse pressure
B)BP = CO× SV× SVR
C)BP = SV× pulse pressure
D)BP = SV× HR× SVR
Q2) The characteristic of the arteriole that allows it to function as a resistance vessel is its
A)thin membrane.
B)porous membrane.
C)valves.
D)smooth muscle.
Q3) A sphygmomanometer measures
A)blood flow.
B)hematocrit.
C)blood pressure.
D)oxygen saturation.
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21
Chapter 20: Lymphatic System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Thymosin
A)is a hormone.
B)is the fluid within the lymph nodes.
C)is secreted by all lymph nodes.
D)plays no known role.
Q2) The thoracic duct
A)filters lymph into the subclavian veins.
B)receives lymph from large lymphatic vessels that drain the left side of the body.
C)functions like a heart that pumps lymph throughout the body.
D)is a collection of lymph nodes.
Q3) Red pulp and white pulp
A)compose splenic tissue.
B)synthesize clotting factors.
C)secrete red and white blood cells in the adult.
D)are only found in the fetal liver.
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22
Chapter 21: Immune System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Agglutination is the consequence of
A)antigen-antibody interaction.
B)the binding of IgG antibodies to mast cells.
C)the effect of histamine on the smooth muscle of the lungs and blood vessels.
D)activation of blood coagulation factors.
Q2) An antipyretic drug
A)lowers body temperature below normal so as to obtain the beneficial effects of the hypothermic state.
B)also has antibiotic activity.
C)lowers a fever.
D)treats the underlying cause of the fever.
Q3) A febrile seizure is a seizure that
A)causes a fever.
B)is caused only by intense shivering.
C)is caused by a fever.
D)is treated with antibiotics.
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23
Chapter 22: Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Hering-Breuer reflex
A)prevents overinflation of the lungs.
B)is a chemical reflex; no nerves are involved.
C)is important only in disease states.
D)is concerned only with sneezing and coughing.
Q2) Inspiratory and expiratory neurons
A)are located within the respiratory control center in the brain stem.
B)are sensitive primarily to PO .
C)line the breathing tubes,especially the bronchioles.
D)All of the above are true.
Q3) The Adam's apple is
A)cartilage.
B)the epiglottis.
C)the primary site of gas exchange.
D)the pharynx.
Q4) Which of the following best describes the visceral and parietal pleura?
A)Line the inner wall of the trachea and bronchi
B)Line the mediastinum
C)Are serous membranes that line the pleural cavity
D)Are surfactant-secreting membranes
Page 24
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Chapter 23: Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Amylases
A)digest carbohydrates.
B)emulsify fat.
C)are gastric hormones.
D)are proteolytic.
Q2) The liver lobule secretes
A)bile.
B)cholecystokinin.
C)lipase.
D)chyle.
Q3) Enamel,dentin,and cementum are related to which structure?
A)Tooth
B)Liver
C)Colon
D)Villi
Q4) The mesentery,mesocolon,and omentum are
A)peritoneal membranes.
B)mucous membranes.
C)located within the thorax.
D)segments of the small intestine.
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Chapter 24: Urinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which hormone affects blood volume?
A)PTH
B)Erythropoietin
C)Insulin
D)Aldosterone
Q2) The collecting duct
A)is primarily concerned with the concentration of urine.
B)collects urine from the renal pelvis and pumps it into the ureters.
C)collects urine from Bowman's capsule and pumps it into the peritubular capillaries.
D)is primarily concerned with micturition.
Q3) Most angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II primarily in the A)kidneys.
B)JGA.
C)lungs.
D)liver.
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26
Chapter 25: Water, Electrolyte, and Acidbase Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the trigger for the release of ADH?
A)Decreased blood volume
B)Renin
C)Dehydration
D)More than one of the above are true.
Q2) Which of the following is true of dehydration?
A)Is characterized by poor skin turgor and "tenting"
B)Is accompanied by an decrease in urine specific gravity
C)Causes a shift of water from the vasculature into the interstitium
D)Is generally treated with a diuretic
Q3) Which ion determines the resting membrane potential of nerve and muscle?
A)Sodium
B)Calcium
C)Hydrogen
D)Potassium
Q4) A deficiency of ADH,called diabetes insipidus,is characterized by
A)glucosuria and an osmotic diuresis.
B)polyuria and polydipsia.
C)Kussmaul respirations and hyperventilation.
D)edema formation and sodium retention.
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Chapter 26: Reproductive Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not located in or on the ovary?
A)Corpus luteum
B)Graafian follicle
C)Fertilized ovum
D)Corpus albicans
Q2) Which group is correct?
A)Uterine layers: perimetrium,myometrium,cervix
B)Gonads: zygote,ovaries,testes
C)Steroids: testosterone,estrogen,progesterone,oxytocin
D)Uterine parts: fundus,body,cervix
Q3) Trophoblastic cells
A)secrete oxytocin.
B)are responsible for the milk let-down reflex.
C)assist with implantation.
D)are incorporated within the graafian follicle.
Q4) Where are sperm produced?
A)Vas deferens
B)Ejaculatory duct
C)Urethra
D)Seminiferous tubules
Page 28
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Chapter 27: Human Development and Heredity
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Sample Questions
Q1) With which word is fetal alcohol most associated?
A)Colostrum
B)Teratogen
C)Thalidomide
D)Eclampsia
Q2) In the later stages of pregnancy,most of the mother's estrogen and progesterone comes from the
A)corpus luteum.
B)corpus albicans.
C)ovaries.
D)placenta.
Q3) Which of the following is the first event?
A)Parturition
B)Implantation
C)Placental development
D)Secretion of vernix caseosa
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