Pre-Nursing Anatomy and Physiology
Practice Questions
Course Introduction
Pre-Nursing Anatomy and Physiology introduces students to the foundational concepts of human anatomy and physiology necessary for further studies in nursing and healthcare fields. The course covers the structure and function of major body systems including the skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems while emphasizing physiological processes and homeostasis. Students will develop an understanding of key terminology, cell and tissue organization, and the interrelationships between body systems. Through lectures, laboratory exercises, and case studies, students gain the essential background needed to succeed in advanced nursing courses and clinical practice.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology 6th Edition by Valerie C. Scanlon
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Chapter
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of body areas (Select all that apply)?
A)The femoral area is both dorsal and ventral.
B)The iliac area is medial to the umbilical area.
C)The most distal area of the lower limb is the femoral area.
D)The deltoid area is superior to the sacral area.
E)The axillary area is to the upper limb as the inguinal area is to the lower limb.
F)The hepatic area is superficial to the cutaneous area.
Answer: A,D,E
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the quadrants of the abdomen (Select all that apply)?
A)The use of quadrants makes description of organ location simpler.
B)The imaginary lines that create the quadrants cross at the navel.
C)The liver is not found in the left upper quadrant.
D)The pancreas is not found in the right lower quadrant.
E)The imaginary lines that create the quadrants are a midsagittal plane and a frontal plane.
F)Parts of the small intestine are found in all four quadrants.
Answer: A,B,D,F
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Chapter 2:Organization and General Plan of the Body-Part
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Sample Questions
Q1) A tissue that forms glands to produce secretions is a type of _____________________ tissue.
Answer: epithelial
Q2) The organ system that is most external is the _______________ system.
Answer: integumentary
Q3) The pectoral area is ___________________ to the umbilical area.
Answer: superior
Q4) All of the chemical reactions and physical changes that take place in the body are called _______________________.
Answer: metabolism
Q5) A tissue that supports the body is a type of _______________________ tissue.
Answer: connective
Q6) The pectoral and patellar areas are both on the ___________________ side of the body.
Answer: ventral anterior
Q7) Of skin,bone,and fat,the one that is not an organ is _____________________. Answer: fat
Q8) The heat (energy)production of the body is called __________________________. Page 4
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Page 5
Chapter 2:Organization and General Plan of the Body-Part
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Sample Questions
Q1) A cross-section of a vein would look like a:
A)solid circle
B)solid cylinder
C)hollow cylinder
D)hollow circle
Answer: D
Q2) Which of these areas is NOT part of the head?
A)occipital
B)volar
C)parietal
D)frontal
Answer: B
Q3) The hepatic area refers to the ___,and the cardiac area refers to the ___.
A)liver/heart
B)liver/esophagus
C)stomach/esophagus
D)spleen/heart
Answer: A
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Chapter 3:Some Basic Chemistry-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of elements (Select all that apply)?
A)C,H,and O stand for carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen.
B)Cu and Cl stand for copper and chlorine.
C)Fe and I stand for iron and iodine.
D)N and Na stand for nitrogen and potassium.
E)Ca and K stand for calcium and sodium.
F)Z and M stand for zinc and magnesium.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the functions of organic molecules (Select all that apply)?
A)True fats are an energy storage molecule.
B)Glycogen forms structural components of cells,such as membranes.
C)Pentose sugars are part of polysaccharides.
D)DNA is the genetic code in chromosomes.
E)Phospholipids are part of cell membranes.
F)Cholesterol is the precursor molecule for a hormone such as insulin.
G)Oligosaccharides form antigens on cell membranes.
H)Cellulose is made of glucose,and is a source of energy.
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Chapter 3:Some Basic Chemistry-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) A reaction that involves the formation of bonds is a ___________________ reaction.
Q2) Plasma is the name for the water within _____________________________.
Q3) The particular function of an enzyme depends on the ___________________ of its ____________________________.
Q4) The function of enzymes is to be _______________________,which speed up reactions.
Q5) An atom of oxygen has ________ electrons to share with other atoms.
Q6) The name for the water within blood vessels is _____________________.
Q7) A change in pH may disrupt enzyme functioning because H? ions change the shape of the ________________________.
Q8) The monosaccharides that are part of DNA and RNA are the
Q9) The shape of an enzyme creates a(n)_____________________,where the substrate molecule(s)fit.
Q10) The name for the water within cells is _________________________.
Q12) The energy storage molecule in the liver is ________________________. Page 8
Q11) Biologically useful energy is released in cell respiration in the form of
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Chapter 3:Some Basic Chemistry-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The fluid found in spaces between cells is called:
A)tissue fluid
B)intercellular fluid
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and lymph
Q2) A solution that has more hydroxyl ions than hydrogen ions is:
A)neutral
B)a base
C)an acid
D)none of these
Q3) A reaction in which the bonds of a large molecule are broken is called a:
A)synthesis reaction
B)catalytic reaction
C)decomposition reaction
D)debonding reaction
Q4) Which statement is NOT true of the active site theory of enzyme functioning?
A)An enzyme may catalyze many different kinds of reactions.
B)It depends on the shapes of the enzyme and the substrate molecules.
C)An enzyme remains unchanged when the reaction is complete.
D)An enzyme catalyzes only one type of reaction.
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Chapter 4:Cells-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of cellular transport mechanisms (Select all that apply)?
A)In the body,oxygen is exchanged for CO2 by the process of diffusion.
B)Filtration is the first step in the formation of urine by the kidneys.
C)Osmosis is the process by which the small intestine absorbs water.
D)Some white blood cells carry out phagocytosis.
E)Many body cells take in glucose by facilitated diffusion.
F)Active transport is necessary for the sodium pumps of neurons.
G)In pinocytosis,cells pinch off pieces of their cytoplasm to secrete small molecules.
H)Filtration is important for the formation of blood plasma in capillaries.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of solutions (Select all that apply)?
A)Any substance that dissolves in water is called a solute.
B)Compared to human cells,hypertonic solutions have a greater percentage of water.
C)Compared to human cells,hypotonic solutions have a smaller percentage of water.
D)Human cells placed in a hypotonic solution will shrivel.
E)Human cells placed in a hypertonic solution will swell and burst.
F)Blood plasma is isotonic to red blood cells.
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Chapter 4:Cells-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The kidneys reabsorb water by the process of _________________________.
Q2) In the lungs and tissues,oxygen and CO? move by the process of ____________________.
Q3) In nerve and muscle cells,the sodium pumps are an example of the process of ______________________________.
Q4) An organ such as the liver grows in size by the process of
Q5) One function of the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell is the synthesis of
Q6) In meiosis,_________ division(s)produce(s)_______ cells,each with the ___________ number of chromosomes.
Q7) The cell organelles that are the site of cell respiration are the
Q8) The small intestine absorbs water by the process of
Q9) A solution with the same salt concentration as human cells is said to be
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Q10) The energy for filtration in the body is provided by
Q11) In the process of filtration,water and dissolved material move from an area of
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Chapter 4:Cells-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The energy for the process of filtration is provided by:
A)the ATP within cells
B)the free energy of molecules
C)blood pressure in capillaries
D)a concentration gradient of dissolved materials
Q2) The movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration is called:
A)active transport
B)diffusion
C)pinocytosis
D)filtration
Q3) Most human cells have ___ chromosomes,which contain ___,the hereditary material.
A)23/DNA
B)46/RNA
C)23/protein
D)46/DNA
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Chapter 5:Tissues and Membranes-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of cardiac muscle (Select all that apply)?
A)Cardiac muscle forms the walls of the chambers of the heart.
B)Intercalated discs are the specialized nuclei of cardiac muscle cells.
C)Cardiac muscle is a type of voluntary muscle.
D)Cardiac muscle cells must receive nerve impulses in order to contract.
E)The cardiac muscle of the valves of the heart pushes blood through.
F)The pumping of the heart moves blood through blood vessels.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the tissues of the digestive tract (Select all that apply)?
A)The salivary glands are made of areolar connective tissue.
B)Columnar epithelium forms the lining of the small intestine.
C)Goblet cells secrete enzymes in the small intestine.
D)Peristalsis of the intestines is brought about by smooth muscle.
E)Ciliated cells help sweep food through the small intestine. f.Microvilli help increase the surface area of the stomach lining.
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Chapter 5:Tissues and Membranes-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _______________________ connective tissue between the skin and muscles contains white blood cells to destroy pathogens.
Q2) The blood cells that destroy pathogens are the __________________________ cells.
Q3) The type of muscle tissue that MUST receive nerve impulses to contract is ___________________________.
Q4) The major parts of a nerve cell are its ________________,_________________,and _____________________.
Q5) All of the kinds of blood cells are produced in the ____________________________.
Q6) The connective tissue membranes that cover the brain are the _______________________.
Q7) The connective tissue membrane that covers a bone is a(n)__________________________.
Q8) All muscle contraction moves something; cardiac muscle contraction moves _____________.
Q9) The esophagus and vagina are lined with ____________________________ epithelium,which is capable of mitosis.
Q10) The tissue that keeps the trachea an open airway is __________________________. Page 16
Chondrocytes are the cells found in _________________________.
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Page 17
Chapter 5:Tissues and Membranes-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) At synapses,nerve impulse transmission is accomplished by:
A)electrical transmission
B)the myelin sheath
C)the Schwann cells
D)chemical neurotransmitters
Q2) The part of a neuron that carries impulses toward the cell body is the:
A)axon
B)dendrite
C)synapse
D)neurotransmitter
Q3) The cells that destroy pathogens that have entered the body are the:
A)platelets
B)RBCs
C)chondrocytes
D)WBCs
Q4) The fluid that prevents friction as the heart beats is:
A)plasma
B)serous fluid
C)synovial fluid
D)mucus
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Chapter 6:The Integumentary System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the superficial fascia (Select all that apply)?
A)Adipose tissue has potential energy in the form of fat.
B)Areolar connective tissue contains many white blood cells.
C)This layer is a secondary line of defense for the body because it is just within the skin.
D)The mast cells in this layer produce histamine,which contributes to inflammation.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the arterioles in the dermis (Select all that apply)?
A)Arterioles are able to constrict because of the smooth muscle in their walls.
B)In a cold environment,arterioles will constrict to bring heat to the surface to keep the skin warm.
C)In a warm environment,arterioles will dilate to keep blood and excess heat away from the skin surface.
D)In a stressful situation,arterioles will dilate to bring more blood with oxygen to the skin.
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19
Chapter 6:The Integumentary System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) Scratching an itch is efficient because fingers have
Q2) Information about the environment outside the skin is provided by __________________.
Q3) In the epidermis,new cells are produced by the process of ___________________ in the ________________________________.
Q4) The subcutaneous tissue is located between the _____________________ and the ________________________.
Q5) The _____________________ secreted by the __________________________ prevents drying of the eardrum.
Q6) Keratin is a _______________________ (type of molecule)that helps make the skin relatively waterproof.
Q7) The layer of the skin that is made of stratified squamous epithelium is the _________________.
Q8) Vitamin ___________ is produced in skin that is exposed to __________________________.
Q9) Prevention of the entry of pathogens is a function of the stratum _________________ of the epidermis.
Q10) The living part of a nail is the __________________.
Q11) The glands that secrete cerumen are called _________________________. Page 20
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Page 21
Chapter 6:The Integumentary System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The primary function of the stratum germinativum is:
A)osmosis
B)mitosis
C)absorption
D)protection
Q2) Which statement is NOT true of human nails?
A)They are formed in follicles.
B)They protect the ends of the fingers and toes from mechanical injury.
C)They enable the fingers to pick up small objects.
D)The visible part of the nail is made of collagen.
Q3) In a warm environment,the arterioles in the dermis will:
A)dilate to lose heat
B)constrict to lose heat
C)constrict to conserve heat
D)dilate to conserve heat
Q4) Which statement is NOT true of the subcutaneous tissue?
A)It is found between the dermis and the muscles.
B)Areolar connective tissue contains many RBCs.
C)Adipose tissue stores potential energy.
D)It provides a little insulation from cold.
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Chapter 7:The Skeletal System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the vertebral column (Select all that apply)?
A)There are 12 thoracic vertebrae and 8 cervical vertebrae.
B)Discs of fibrous cartilage form the joints between vertebrae.
C)The sacral and lumbar vertebrae each consist of 5 fused vertebrae.
D)Within the vertebral canal is the spinal cord.
E)The spinous and transverse processes provide for muscle attachment.
F)The backbone as a whole is flexible because it has so many gliding joints.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the embryonic and infant skull (Select all that apply)?
A)The cranial bones are first made of cartilage.
B)The first site of bone matrix production is called a center of ossification.
C)The cranial bones form sutures just before birth.
D)Bone matrix is produced by osteoclasts.
E)Fontanels are made of fibrous connective tissue,and they permit the compression of the skull during birth.
F)All the fontanels become completely ossified within 2 months after birth.
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23
Chapter 7:The Skeletal System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ulna and radius form a(n)_______________________ joint.
Q2) The paranasal sinuses are lined with ___________________ epithelium.
Q3) The structures that connect bone to bone are _________________________,which are made of ____________________________ tissue.
Q4) The vertebrae are separated and cushioned by _______________ made of _________________.
Q5) The shafts of long bones are made primarily of ______________________ bone.
Q6) The ribs that do not articulate with the sternum are called ______________________,and there are ________ pairs.
Q7) The vertebrae in the neck are called __________________ vertebrae,and there are ________ of them.
Q8) The hormone that provides energy for bone growth only from glucose is
Q9) Two bones that protect the eye are the __________________ and
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Q10) The fontanels of an infant skull are made of
Q11) The two pubic bones form a(n)________________________ joint.
Q12) The humerus and ulna form a(n)___________________ joint.
Q13) Red bone marrow produces _______________,______________,and _________________.
Q14) The mandible and temporal bone form a(n)________________________ joint.
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Chapter 7:The Skeletal System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cranial bone that encloses the pituitary gland is the:
A)sphenoid
B)frontal
C)ethmoid
D)temporal
Q2) Which statement is NOT true of synovial joints?
A)Synovial fluid prevents friction.
B)The joint capsule is made of elastic connective tissue.
C)Bursae permit tendons to slide across a joint.
D)Hinge joints are synovial joints.
Q3) The frontal and parietal bones form this type of joint:
A)symphysis
B)gliding
C)suture
D)pivot
Q4) Which bone does NOT help form the orbit?
A)parietal
B)frontal
C)sphenoid
D)lacrimal
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Chapter 8:The Muscular System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the sliding filament mechanism (Select all that apply)?
A)The calcium ions released from the sarcolemma bond to troponin.
B)The sarcoplasmic reticulum inhibits contraction until a nerve impulse arrives.
C)With calcium ions,troponin shifts tropomyosin away from actin.
D)Myosin filaments pull actin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere.
E)Myosin releases the energy from ATP.
F)When a muscle fiber contracts,all of its sarcomeres contract.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the locations and functions of muscles (Select all that apply)?
A)The masseter lowers the maxilla.
B)The gluteus maximus flexes the thigh.
C)The biceps brachii flexes the forearm.
D)The tibialis anterior extends the foot.
E)The orbicularis oris opens the mouth.
F)The external obliques help bend the vertebral column.
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Chapter 8:The Muscular System-Part B
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Q1) An antagonist to the gastrocnemius is the __________________________,because it
Q2) During exercise,more blood will be circulated to muscles because of increased __________________________.
Q3) In the sliding filament mechanism,___________________ filaments pull ______________ filaments toward the center of the sarcomere.
Q4) In the neuromuscular junction,the _________________________ is the membrane of the muscle fiber.
Q5) Four organ systems that are essential for the proper functioning of the muscular system are the ________________,________________,__________________,and ____________________.
Q6) Within a muscle fiber,the sarcoplasmic reticulum contains
Q7) The integration of unconscious muscle sense is a function of the _____________________.
Q8) In muscles,the waste product creatinine comes from __________________________,and is excreted by the
Q9) Muscles with opposite functions are called ____________________________. Page 28
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Chapter 8:The Muscular System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tendons are made of ___ tissue,and are attached to the ___ of a muscle.
A)fibrous connective/fascia
B)elastic connective/fascia
C)fibrous connective/periosteum
D)elastic connective/periosteum
Q2) The muscle on the anterior lower leg that dorsiflexes the foot is the:
A)sartorius
B)soleus
C)tibialis anterior
D)gastrocnemius
Q3) The state of slight contraction present in healthy muscles is called:
A)muscle sense
B)muscle tone
C)a twitch
D)oxygen debt
Q4) With respect to skeletal muscles,proprioceptors are important for:
A)muscle sense
B)muscle tone
C)sustained muscle contractions
D)the most strenuous muscle contractions
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Chapter 9:The Nervous System-Part A
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Q1) The number of pairs of spinal nerves,in order,from cervical down,is _____,_____,_____,_____,and _____.
Q2) Thoracolumbar is another name for the ________________________ division of the autonomic nervous system.
Q3) Motor neurons carry impulses from the ___________________ to ___________________.
Q4) The cerebral hemispheres are connected by the ______________________________.
Q5) The electrical change called __________________________ takes place when a neuron receives a stimulus.
Q6) The _____________________ lobe of the cerebrum contains the auditory area.
Q7) The ____________________________ division of the autonomic nervous system has acetylcholine and norepinephrine as its neurotransmitters.
Q8) The _____________________________ division of the autonomic nervous system constricts blood vessels in the skin.
Q9) The ___________________________ division of the autonomic nervous system increases digestive secretions.
Page 31
Q10) The _____________________________ division of the autonomic nervous system stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose.
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Chapter 9:The Nervous System-Part B
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the functions of the brain (Select all that apply)?
A)Muscle tone is regulated by the cerebellum.
B)Blood pressure is regulated by the hypothalamus.
C)Voluntary movement is coordinated by the cerebellum.
D)Auditory reflexes are regulated by the thalamus.
E)Unimportant sensations are suppressed by the hypothalamus.
F)The water content of the body is regulated by the medulla.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of stretch and flexor reflexes (Select all that apply)?
A)Stretch reflexes enable us to reach outward or upward very quickly.
B)Flexor reflexes enable us to pull away from harm.
C)Stretch reflexes are two-neuron reflexes in which a sensory neuron synapses directly with a motor neuron.
D)These are spinal cord reflexes that the brain cannot inhibit.
E)The patellar reflex is a flexor reflex that may be used clinically.
F)In a stretch reflex,a muscle that is stretched will contract.
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Page 32
Chapter 9:The Nervous System-Part C
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Q1) Depolarization of a neuron is:
A)a stabilization of charges on either side of the cell membrane
B)a neutralization of charges within the cytoplasm
C)a decrease of charges within the cytoplasm
D)a reversal of charges on either side of the cell membrane
Q2) The cranial nerve pairs that increase the secretion of saliva are the:
A)facial and glossopharyngeal
B)vagus and accessory
C)hypoglossal and facial
D)hypoglossal and glossopharyngeal
Q3) Which part of the cerebrum is NOT paired with its correct structure?
A)corpus callosum - internal white matter
B)cerebral cortex - external gray matter
C)basal ganglia - internal gray matter
D)motor areas - internal white matter
Q4) Which statement is NOT true of synapses?
A)Synaptic transmission is only one way.
B)The presynaptic neuron releases the neurotransmitter.
C)The postsynaptic neuron contains an inactivator.
D)The inactivator may send the impulse back across the synapse if necessary.
Page 33
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Chapter 10:The Senses-Part A
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of sensory pathways (Select all that apply)?
A)Sensory neurons carry impulses from receptors to the CNS.
B)Sensory tracts include peripheral nerves such as the femoral nerve.
C)Sensory receptors are different in that each type detects a specific type of change.
D)Sensory receptors are similar in that they all interpret impulses the same way.
E)Most of the sensory areas are in the cerebral cortex.
F)The cranial nerves involved in sensations are part of sensory tracts.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the cutaneous senses (Select all that apply)?
A)Most of the receptors are in the epidermis.
B)The receptors for pain,touch,and temperature are encapsulated nerve endings.
C)The sensitivity of an area of skin depends on how close the receptors are to the surface.
D)Irritating substances in the skin can trigger itch or pain sensations.
E)Adaptation occurs with the senses of touch and pressure.
F)Contrast is an important aspect of cutaneous temperature sense.
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Page 34
Chapter 10:The Senses-Part B
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Q1) Many of the sensory areas are located in the cerebral _________________________.
Q2) Pain that originates in an internal organ but is felt as cutaneous pain is called ______________________.
Q3) The chemical ____________________ in rods breaks down when light strikes it.
Q4) Aqueous humor is reabsorbed back into the blood through the ______________________.
Q5) The anterior cavity of the eye contains ________________________,and the posterior cavity contains ___________________________.
Q6) The cranial nerve pair concerned with equilibrium is the _______________________.
Q7) The cranial nerve pair for the sense of smell is the ___________________________.
Q8) The fluid of the eye that nourishes the lens and cornea is the __________________________.
Q9) The photoreceptors that detect the presence of light are the _________________.
Q10) The optic disc of the eye is the site of the ____________________________.
Q11) Arterial chemoreceptors detect changes in the level of ______________________ in the blood. Page 35
Q12) The most anterior part of the sclera of the eye is the _______________________.
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Page 36
Chapter 10:The Senses-Part C
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tears contain ___ to inhibit the growth of bacteria on the front of the eye.
A)serous fluid
B)aqueous humor
C)vitreozyme
D)lysozyme
Q2) Which cranial nerve is NOT paired with its correct sensation?
A)olfactory - smell
B)hypoglossal - taste
C)facial - taste
D)glossopharyngeal - taste
Q3) The part of the eye that regulates the size of the pupil is the:
A)extrinsic muscle
B)iris
C)ciliary muscle
D)suspensory ligaments
Q4) Which statement is NOT true about vision?
A)The rods detect light and the cones detect color.
B)Impulses from the retina are carried by the optic nerves to the optic tracks.
C)The iris regulates the size of the pupil.
D)The cornea is adjustable to light from different distances.
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Chapter 11:The Endocrine System-Part A
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13 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of hormone effects on the uterus (Select all that apply)?
A)FSH from the anterior pituitary initiates growth of the endometrium.
B)Estrogen from the ovaries stimulates growth of the endometrium.
C)Progesterone from the developing ovarian follicle stimulates growth of the endometrium.
D)Oxytocin from the posterior pituitary stimulates contraction of the endometrium at the end of pregnancy.
E)LH from the anterior pituitary stimulates growth of the myometrium at puberty.
F)During pregnancy,premature contractions of the myometrium are inhibited by progesterone.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the stimuli for secretion of hormones (Select all that apply)?
A)Hyperglycemia stimulates secretion of insulin.
B)Hypocalcemia stimulates secretion of PTH.
C)Decreased sodium in the body stimulates secretion of aldosterone.
D)ACTH stimulates secretion of cortisol.
E)Increased metabolic rate stimulates secretion of thyroxine.
F)Sympathetic impulses stimulate secretion of epinephrine.
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Chapter 11:The Endocrine System-Part B
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83 Verified Questions
83 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Synthesis of thyroxine requires the mineral ________________________.
Q2) The hormone that causes vasodilation in skeletal muscle and vasoconstriction in the viscera is _______________________________.
Q3) The mineral iodine is necessary for the synthesis of the hormone ____________________.
Q4) In men,the two hormones secreted by the testes are ________________________ and _________________________.
Q5) The direct stimulus for secretion of thyroxine is _____________________.
Q6) The pancreatic hormone that increases the conversion of glycogen to glucose by the liver is __________________________.
Q7) The adrenal hormone that has a secondary effect on blood pH is ____________________,because it promotes the excretion of
Q8) The direct stimulus for secretion of PTH is _____________________________.
Q9) The hormone that raises the blood calcium level is _____________________,and the hormone that lowers the blood calcium level is ____________________________.
Page 39
Q10) The hormone that increases the rate of mitosis in growing tissues is ________________,which is produced by the _______________________ gland.
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Chapter 11:The Endocrine System-Part C
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104 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The hormone that decreases the blood glucose level,for instance,after a meal,is:
A)aldosterone
B)insulin
C)glucagon
D)epinephrine
Q2) The adrenal medulla is the ___ part of the adrenal gland,and produces the hormones ___.
A)inner/epinephrine and norepinephrine
B)outer/cortisol and aldosterone
C)inner/cortisol and aldosterone
D)outer/epinephrine and norepinephrine
Q3) Increased secretion of ADH will have this effect on urinary output:
A)increase it
B)decrease it
C)increase then decrease it
D)no effect
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Chapter 12:Blood-Part A
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11 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of CBC values (Select all that apply)?
A)An RBC count of 4.0 million/µL is in the normal range.
B)A WBC count of 9500/µL is considered high normal.
C)A platelet count of 100,000/µL is considered low normal.
D)A hematocrit of 40% is within the normal range.
E)A hemoglobin level of 17 grams/100 mL is considered high normal.
F)An RBC count of 6.0 million/µL is considered high normal.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of blood viscosity and pH (Select all that apply)?
A)Plasma proteins decrease blood viscosity,so that blood flows smoothly.
B)The normal pH range of blood is 7.35 to 7.45.
C)Blood viscosity contributes to normal blood pressure.
D)Oxygen has a greater effect on blood pH than does carbon dioxide.
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Chapter 12:Blood-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The kinds of WBCs that phagocytize pathogens are _________________________ and _______________________.
Q2) The function of RBCs is to ____________________.
Q3) The normal pH range of blood is _____________ to _____________.
Q4) In RBC formation,the intrinsic factor is produced by the ______________________ and its function is to ______________________________.
Q5) When capillaries rupture,blood loss is prevented by ______________________________.
Q6) Blood plasma is able to transport waste products because water is a(n)_____________________.
Q7) The normal hematocrit has a range of _________________ to ________________.
Q8) A type O person has ______________________________________ on the RBCs and ____________________________________________ in the plasma.
Q9) The most numerous WBCs are the _________________________,and the least numerous are the _________________________.
Q10) In the process of chemical clotting,the result of the first stage is __________________________________. Page 43
Q11) The term _________________________ means prevention of blood loss.
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Chapter 12:Blood-Part C
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124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is NOT true of a person with type AB negative blood?
A)The RBCs have no Rh antigen.
B)The plasma contains anti-Rh antibodies.
C)The RBCs have A antigens and B antigens.
D)The plasma has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies.
Q2) For breaks or ruptures in large arteries,the mechanism of hemostasis that must occur first is:
A)platelet plug formation
B)chemical clotting
C)vascular spasm
D)both A and B
Q3) The kind of WBC that releases histamine during inflammation is the:
A)basophil
B)lymphocyte
C)eosinophil
D)neutrophil
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Chapter 13:The Heart-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the cardiac conduction pathway (Select all that apply)?
A)The electrical events along the pathway are triggered by the mechanical events of the chambers.
B)The AV node depolarizes most rapidly.
C)The heart's natural pacemaker is the SA node.
D)The right and left bundle branches are in the interatrial septum.
E)Purkinje fibers are in the walls of the ventricles.
F)The AV bundle (of His)has a slower natural rate of contraction than does the AV node.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the nervous regulation of heart rate (Select all that apply)?
A)The cardiac centers are in the medulla of the brain.
B)Only the sympathetic nervous system has nerves to the heart muscle.
C)Heart rate changes in response to changes in blood pressure or blood gas levels.
D)Sympathetic nerve fibers to the heart are part of the vagus nerves.
E)The neurotransmitter norepinephrine decreases heart rate.f.The heart generates its own beat,but the neurotransmitter acetylcholine can increase the rate.
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Chapter 13:The Heart-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The function of ANP is to increase excretion of _____________ and _____________ by the __________________________.
Q2) The term for contraction of the chambers of the heart is ___________________________.
Q3) The area in which the heart is located is called the _______________________________.
Q4) The part of the brain that regulates heart rate is the ______________________.
Q5) The term for relaxation of the chambers of the heart is ____________________________.
Q6) The carotid and aortic sinuses contain _____________________ to detect changes in ___________________________.
Q7) The aorta takes blood from the ______________ ventricle to the __________________.
Q8) The cardiac cycle is the sequence of events in _____________________________.
Q9) A basketball player has a resting cardiac output of 5400 mL,a stroke volume of 90 mL,and a resting pulse of ________________________.
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Q10) The ___________________________ emerges from the right ventricle and takes blood to the ___________________________.
Chapter 13:The Heart-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The valve that prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium is the:
A)mitral valve
B)aortic semilunar valve
C)tricuspid valve
D)pulmonary semilunar valve
Q2) The coronary arteries are branches of the ___ and supply ___ to the myocardium.
A)pulmonary artery/nutrients
B)aorta/oxygen
C)superior vena cava/nutrients
D)inferior vena cava/oxygen
Q3) In the cardiac cycle,which statement is true?
A)All blood is actively pumped from the ventricles.
B)Most blood is actively pumped from the atria.
C)All blood is actively pumped into the ventricles.
D)Most blood is actively pumped into the atria.
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Chapter 14:The Vascular System-Part A
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9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the locations of arteries and veins (Select all that apply)?
A)The femoral artery and vein are in the thigh.
B)The common iliac veins empty into the superior vena cava.
C)The celiac artery branches into the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries.
D)The right and left common carotid arteries are branches of the ascending aorta.
E)The jugular veins drain blood from the shoulders and arms.
F)The renal arteries are branches of the thoracic aorta.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of hepatic portal circulation (Select all that apply)?
A)The liver is essential because its two sets of capillaries help regulate blood pressure.
B)Blood from the digestive organs and spleen circulates through the liver before returning to the heart.
C)As blood flows through the liver,excess glucose is stored as glycogen.
D)The liver is a storage site for iron and the water-soluble vitamins.
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Chapter 14:The Vascular System-Part B
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90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In capillaries,tissue fluid is brought back into the blood by the process of
Q2) The hormone that raises blood pressure by increasing sodium and water reabsorption by the kidneys is ___________________________.
Q3) In fetal circulation,blood in the umbilical __________________ has a high level of oxygen,and blood in the umbilical ________________________ has a high level of carbon dioxide.
Q4) In the vascular system,an alternate pathway for blood flow is provided by vessels called a(n)_______________________________.
Q5) The blood pressure in pulmonary circulation is always __________________,to prevent filtration and accumulation of fluid in the ____________________.
Q6) In fetal circulation,blood flows from the fetus to the placenta through the _________________________.
Q7) During exercise,blood flow to the digestive tract will _____________________,and blood flow to the skin will
Q8) A venous anastomosis provides an alternate pathway for blood to flow back to the
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Chapter 14:The Vascular System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) If the large arteries lose their elasticity,systolic BP will be:
A)lower than normal
B)higher than normal
C)erratic and constantly changing
D)unpredictable
Q2) The nerves to the smooth muscle of all arteries and veins are:
A)sympathetic nerves
B)parasympathetic nerves
C)nerve tracts
D)visceral sensory nerves
Q3) The hormone that raises blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction throughout the body is:
A)ADH
B)norepinephrine
C)ANP
D)aldosterone
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of lymph and lymph vessels (Select all that apply)?
A)Lymph is tissue fluid that has entered lymph capillaries.
B)Lymph will be returned to the blood in the right and left jugular veins.
C)Lymph vessels are much like veins in structure,in that both have valves.
D)The thoracic duct collects lymph from the lower half of the body,and the right lymphatic duct collects lymph from the upper half of the body.
E)In composition,lymph is similar to plasma.
F)Lymph is kept moving in some of the larger lymph vessels by the skeletal muscle pump.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of lymph nodes and lymph nodules (Select all that apply)?
A)Lymph nodules are found in all mucous membranes.
B)Lymph nodes are found along the pathways of lymph vessels.
C)Both nodes and nodules contain macrophages and lymphocytes.
D)The tonsils and Peyer's patches are the lymphatic tissue of the pharynx.
E)Two of the most important paired groups of lymph nodes are the axillary and the inguinal nodes.
F)Within nodes and nodules,antibodies are produced by IG cells.
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Chapter 15:The Lymphatic System and Immunity-Part B
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In adaptive immunity,the mechanism that does not involve antibody production is
Q2) The component of immunity that is specific as to antigen is _________________ immunity.
Q3) The component of immunity that is not specific as to antigen is ___________________ immunity.
Q4) Lymph nodules destroy pathogens that have entered the body by way of _________________________.
Q5) In any form of passive immunity,the antibodies have come from
Q6) In any form of active immunity,the antibodies have come from
Q7) In adaptive immunity,the __________________ B cells remember a specific foreign antigen.
Q8) Artificially acquired active immunity occurs when a person
Q9) In the larger lymph vessels in the thoracic cavity,lymph is kept moving by the
Q10) Water within capillaries is called ______________________.
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Chapter 15:The Lymphatic System and Immunity-Part C
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121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The antibodies produced first after a vaccination would be ___,followed by production of ___.
A)IgM/IgG
B)IgA/IgG
C)IgG/IgM
D)IgG/IgA
Q2) The labeling of a foreign antigen by antibodies is called ___,and results in ___.
A)opsonization/phagocytosis of the antigen
B)lymphokinesis/production of more antibodies
C)opsonization/production of more antibodies
D)lymphokinesis/phagocytosis of the antigen
Q3) Mesenteric lymph nodes would be found near the ___,and mediastinal nodes would be found near the ___.
A)intestines/heart
B)heart/lungs
C)lungs/heart
D)heart/intestines
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Chapter 16:The Respiratory System-Part A
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10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of external respiration and internal respiration (Select all that apply)?
A)The "P" in PO2 means "presence" of oxygen.
B)In the alveoli,PCO2 is low and PO2 is high.
C)In the tissues,PO2 is high and PCO2 is low.
D)Internal respiration takes place in the pulmonary capillaries.
E)External respiration takes place in the nasal cavities as the air is warmed.
F)The pressure gradient of a gas is much the same as a concentration gradient.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the upper respiratory tract (Select all that apply)?
A)The stratified squamous epithelium of the nasal mucosa is a good barrier to pathogens.
B)The nasopharynx and oropharynx are air passages only.
C)The tonsils are the lymphatic tissue of the pharynx.
D)The nasal mucosa warms and moistens inhaled air.
E)The conchae increase the surface area of the nasopharynx.
F)The laryngopharynx opens into the larynx and the esophagus.
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Chapter 16:The Respiratory System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) To compensate for a metabolic alkalosis,the respiratory rate will __________________ in order to ____________________ more carbon dioxide.
Q2) The trachea and all of the respiratory passages are collectively called the ________________________.
Q3) The function of the apneustic center is to ________________________.
Q4) The nasal mucosa is ___________________ epithelial tissue with goblet cells that secrete ______________________.
Q5) The diaphragm ___________________ during exhalation,and moves ____________________.
Q6) Normal exhalation is a passive process and depends on the _____________________ tissue of the lungs.
Q7) The function of the epiglottis is to cover the _______________________ during _______________________.
Q8) The ____________________ pleura covers the lungs and the _____________________ pleura lines the chest cavity.
Q9) In internal respiration,the PCO<sub>2</sub> in the blood is _______________,and the PCO<sub>2</sub> in the tissues is _______________.
Q10) The nasal mucosa is made of ___________________ epithelial tissue.
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Chapter 16:The Respiratory System-Part C
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122 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If surfactant were not produced,how would the alveoli be affected?
A)Inflation would be difficult.
B)Deflation would be difficult.
C)Overinflation would occur frequently.
D)The alveoli would rupture.
Q2) The pressure in the potential pleural space is called:
A)intrapleural pressure
B)interpleural pressure
C)contrapleural pressure
D)hypopleural pressure
Q3) In response to high blood carbon dioxide levels,the breathing rate will:
A)increase to inhale more oxygen
B)increase to exhale more carbon dioxide
C)decrease to inhale less oxygen
D)decrease to exhale less carbon dioxide
Q4) The cause of respiratory alkalosis is:
A)accumulating oxygen
B)not enough oxygen
C)accumulating carbon dioxide
D)not enough carbon dioxide
57
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Chapter 17:The Digestive System-Part A
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12 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the digestive processes (Select all that apply)?
A)Chewing and the churning of the stomach are the only forms of mechanical digestion.
B)Chemical digestion requires enzymes,each of which is specific for one type of food.
C)An enzyme that requires a pH of 2 usually will not work at a pH of 8.
D)Mechanical digestion is helpful because it increases the surface area of food for enzymes to function efficiently.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the pharynx and esophagus (Select all that apply)?
A)Peristalsis of the esophagus is part of the swallowing reflex.
B)The oropharynx and laryngopharynx are passageways for both food and air (at different times).
C)The lower esophageal sphincter (LES)is usually contracted,except when something is swallowed.
D)No digestion takes place in the pharynx or esophagus.
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Chapter 17:The Digestive System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The minerals stored by the liver are _______________ and _________________.
Q2) The surface area of the small intestine is increased by _____________________,______________________,and _______________________.
Q3) The lymph nodules of the alimentary tube are located in the ________________________ (layer).
Q4) The enteroendocrine cells of the small intestine secrete the hormones ___________________ and ____________________________.
Q5) The changing of food to simpler molecules is ________________________ digestion,and these simpler molecules can be ____________________ by the small intestine.
Q6) The end products of fat digestion are ______________________ and ___________________.
Q7) The part of gastric juice that kills most ingested bacteria is _________________________.
Q8) The portion of the digestive system that extends from the mouth to the anus is the ___________________________________.
59
Q9) The _______________________ colon turns inferiorly at the spleen and continues as the _____________________________ colon.
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Chapter 17:The Digestive System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is NOT true of the defecation reflex?
A)Voluntary control is provided by the external anal sphincter.
B)The internal anal sphincter contracts.
C)The reflex is integrated in the spinal cord.
D)The reflex is stimulated when feces stretch the rectum.
Q2) The hormone that causes contraction of the gallbladder when food enters the duodenum is:
A)gastrin
B)secretin
C)cholecystokinin
D)epinephrine
Q3) The function of the chief cells of the gastric mucosa is to secrete:
A)pepsinogen
B)hydrochloric acid
C)gastrin
D)intrinsic factor
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Chapter 18:Body Temperature and Metabolism-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of metabolism (Select all that apply)?
A)Catabolic reactions are synthesis or building reactions.
B)Energy production can be measured as heat production,which is measured in kilocalories.
C)An infant has a higher metabolic rate than does an adult,because the infant is much younger.
D)Muscle tissue has a lower metabolic rate than does adipose tissue.
E)Anabolic reactions include the stages of cell respiration.
F)Basal metabolic rate is the energy production of the body at rest.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of a fever (Select all that apply)?
A)A substance or pathogen that causes a fever is a pyrogen.
B)A low fever may be beneficial in that WBCs become more active.
C)A pyrogen activates the heat gain mechanisms regulated by the thalamus.
D)A very high fever may cause brain damage because carbohydrates become denatured.
E)Some chemicals produced as part of inflammation are endogenous pyrogens.
F)A fever may be beneficial in that a higher temperature inhibits some bacteria.
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Chapter 18:Body Temperature and Metabolism-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) A breeze takes warm air away from the skin surface; this is cooling of the body by the process of _______________________________.
Q2) A fever-causing substance that is produced by the person's own cells is called a(n)__________________________.
Q3) In cell respiration,glycolysis takes place in the ________________________,and the Krebs cycle and cytochrome transport system take place in the _________________________.
Q4) The hormone _____________________ is most important for day-to-day regulation of cell respiration and heat production.
Q5) Vasodilation in the dermis will ___________________ the loss of heat.
Q6) The storage form of glucose is ____________________________,which is found primarily in the ____________________________ and __________________________.
Q7) The summary reaction of cell respiration is: Glucose + __________ ® ATP +__________ + __________ + __________.
Q8) A "protein bar" consists of 20 grams of carbohydrates,25 grams of protein,and 5 grams of fat,which is _________________ total calories.
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Q9) A substance that causes a fever is called a(n)__________________________.
Chapter 18:Body Temperature and Metabolism-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) In cell respiration,the molecular (non-energy)product that is useful and remains in the cell is:
A)glucose
B)oxygen
C)carbon dioxide
D)water
Q2) Energy production when the body is at rest is called the:
A)basal energy quotient
B)resting energy quotient
C)resting metabolic rate
D)basal metabolic rate
Q3) Catabolism is the collective term for:
A)synthesis reactions
B)reversible reactions
C)decomposition reactions
D)energy-requiring reactions
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64
Chapter 19:The Urinary System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of urine and waste products (Select all that apply)?
A)The average pH range of normal urine is 2.5 to 10.5.
B)Glycosuria is the result of a low blood glucose level.
C)Ketonuria is the result of greater reliance on carbohydrates for energy.
D)Urea is a nitrogenous waste product that comes from the metabolism of nucleic acids.
E)Normal urine is often a straw color,and the lighter the color,the lower the specific gravity.
F)The average amount of urine voided per 24 hours is 0.5 to 3.5 liters.
G)If bacterial infection makes the glomeruli more permeable,both bacteruria and proteinuria may be consequences.
H)If kidney function decreases,the blood level of creatinine will increase.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the locations of the organs of the urinary system (Select all that apply)?
A)Each ureter extends from the real cortex to the urinary bladder.
B)The urethra in men is posterior to the rectum.
C)The kidneys are lateral to the backbone and anterior to the peritoneum.
D)The urinary bladder is behind the pubic bones.
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Chapter 19:The Urinary System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the kidneys,the hormone that increases the reabsorption of sodium ions and water is ___________________________.
Q2) In the kidney,calyces are part of the __________________________.
Q3) In tubular reabsorption,glucose is reabsorbed by the process of _______________________.
Q4) The cavity on the medial side of a kidney is formed by the expansion of the ______________ within the kidney and is called the ______________________.
Q5) In the kidneys,the hormone that directly increases the reabsorption of water is ______________________.
Q6) The inner layer of the Bowman's capsule is made of cells called ________________________,which make this layer very
Q7) The internal urethral sphincter is ________________________ tissue,and it is usually _________________________ to ______________________ urination.
Q8) The normal pH range of urine is _________ to _________ with an average of ________.
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Q9) The stimulus for the urination reflex is stretching of the _________________________.
Chapter 19:The Urinary System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) A measure of the dissolved material in urine is its:
A)color
B)pH
C)odor
D)specific gravity
Q2) The function of the nephrons of the kidneys is to form urine from:
A)tissue fluid
B)blood plasma
C)intracellular fluid
D)intercellular fluid
Q3) The cavity formed by the expansion of the ureter within the kidney is called the:
A)renal pelvis
B)renal cortex
C)renal medulla
D)renal fascia
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Chapter 20:Fluid Electrolyte and Acid Base Balance-Part
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of acid-base regulation (Select all that apply)?
A)The respiratory system responds to metabolic acidosis by decreasing the breathing rate to conserve CO<sub>2</sub>.
B)The respiratory system is only about 10% effective at correcting a long-term pH imbalance.
C)Respiratory acidosis is caused by anything that decreases the rate or efficiency of breathing.
D)Correction of a long-term pH imbalance depends primarily on the kidneys.
E)The kidneys respond to acidosis by retaining hydrogen ions.
F)If the pH of the blood is 7.5,the blood is slightly alkaline,but physiologically is "too alkaline."
G)A state of acidosis causes increased nerve activity that may progress to seizures.
H)A state of alkalosis causes confusion and impairment of consciousness.
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Chapter 20:Fluid Electrolyte and Acid Base Balance-Part B
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Q1) Water within lymph vessels is called _________________________.
Q2) The electrolyte that is part of DNA and RNA is ______________________.
Q3) An amino acid acts as an acid in body fluids when the _____________________ group gives off a
Q4) The protein buffer system is the most important buffer system in _________________________ fluid.
Q5) If the osmolarity of a solution increases,this means that the relative amount of dissolved substances has ______________________.
Q6) The pH-regulating mechanisms,in order from most rapid to slowest,are the ________________,_____________________________,and
Q7) If the osmolarity of a solution increases,this means that the relative amount of water has _________________________.
Q8) With respect to the kidneys,the two hormones that increase the reabsorption of water are ____________________________ and
Q9) The electrolyte that is part of ATP is __________________________.
Q10) Water located between cells is called ________________________________. Page 69
The major effect of acidosis on the body is __________________________________.
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Chapter 20:Fluid Electrolyte and Acid Base Balance-Part
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Q1) To compensate for alkalosis,the kidneys will:
A)excrete hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions in urine
B)return hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions to the blood
C)excrete hydrogen ions in urine and return bicarbonate ions to the blood
D)return hydrogen ions to the blood and excrete bicarbonate ions in urine
Q2) Most of the water intake for the body comes from:
A)juicy fruits
B)meats
C)beverages
D)metabolic water
Q3) The major electrolytes in tissue fluid are:
A)sodium and proteins
B)sodium and chloride
C)sodium,potassium,and chloride
D)potassium,phosphate,and proteins
Q4) The function of ANP is to:
A)increase sodium excretion by the kidneys
B)increase water reabsorption by the kidneys
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and decrease urinary output
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Chapter 21:The Reproductive Systems-Part A
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the male reproductive glands and penis (Select all that apply)?
A)The secretion of the bulbourethral glands lines the urethra just before ejaculation.
B)Erection of the penis is the result of vasodilation brought about by parasympathetic impulses.
C)The longest part of the urethra is within the prostate gland.
D)The seminal vesicles secrete glycogen as nourishment for sperm.
E)The striated muscle of the prostate gland contributes to ejaculation,which is a sympathetic response.
F)The secretions of the prostate gland contribute to the slight alkalinity of seminal fluid.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of sperm (Select all that apply)?
A)The chromosomes are with the mitochondria because they require ATP in order to divide.
B)The flagellum provides for movement,and is most efficient in a moderately acidic environment.
C)The acrosome contains enzymes to digest the membrane of an ovum.
D)Millions of sperm are contained in 1 mL of semen.
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Chapter 21:The Reproductive Systems-Part B
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Q1) The hormone that stimulates growth of the duct system of the mammary glands is
Q2) Human milk contains _______________________ that provide passive immunity for the newborn.
Q3) The ________________ of a sperm cell contains the chromosomes,the ____________________ provide ATP,and the _________________________ provides motility.
Q4) Spermatogenesis takes place in the ______________,and each cell that undergoes meiosis produces __________ functional sperm cell(s).
Q5) The male reproductive gland that surrounds the first inch of the urethra is the ______________________.
Q6) In the mammary glands,the hormone ___________________ stimulates growth of the duct system,and the hormone ______________________ stimulates growth of the secretory cells.
Q7) The menstrual cycle requires FSH and LH from the _________________________ gland,and estrogen and progesterone from the ____________________.
Q8) The hormone that stimulates growth of the secretory cells of the mammary glands is _________________.
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Chapter 21:The Reproductive Systems-Part C
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Q1) The hormone that stimulates the growth of the secretory cells of the mammary glands is:
A)estrogen
B)progesterone
C)prolactin
D)oxytocin
Q2) For men,the hormone LH:
A)initiates sperm production
B)stimulates secretion of testosterone
C)increases protein synthesis in skeletal muscles
D)all of these
Q3) In the testes,testosterone is produced by the:
A)seminiferous tubules
B)interstitial cells
C)sustentacular cells
D)rete testis
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74
Chapter 22:Human Development and Genetics-Part A
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the embryonic membranes (Select all that apply)?
A)The amniotic sac surrounds the fetus and contains fluid.
B)The yolk sac provides the first nutrients for the embryo.
C)The chorion will form the maternal part of the placenta.
D)The first fetal blood cells are made by the amnion.
E)The embryonic membranes are not part of the fetus,but are made of fetal tissue.f.The yolk sac becomes a cushion for the embryo.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the placenta and fetal circulation (Select all that apply)?
A)The umbilical arteries carry oxygen and nutrients to the fetus.
B)The foramen ovale permits blood to flow from the left atrium to the right atrium.
C)The ductus venosus takes blood to the superior vena cava after bypassing the lungs.
D)The ductus arteriosus takes blood from the aorta to the pulmonary artery.
E)The placenta is made of both fetal and maternal tissue.
F) Fetal carbon dioxide is brought to the placenta by the umbilical vein.
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Chapter 22:Human Development and Genetics-Part B
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Q1) For people,curly hair is dominant and straight hair is recessive. Genetics problem: Mom is heterozygous for curly hair and Dad has straight hair.The percent chance that a child of theirs will have straight hair is ______________.
Q2) The sex chromosomes in men are called _________________.
Q3) In order for a recessive trait to appear in a person's phenotype,the person must have _______________ gene(s)for it.
Q4) In the embryo,the bones and muscles are derived from the _______________________.
Q5) The possibilities for the expression of a gene are called _____________________.
Q6) A few moments after birth,the baby's ______________________ system begins functioning because the _____________________ have inflated.
Q7) For the ABO blood types in people,the O allele is ___________________ and the A and B alleles are ___________________________.
Q8) The embryonic membrane that contains fluid to cushion the embryo is the _________________.
Q9) The sex chromosomes in _______________ are called XX,and in ______________ are called XY.
Page 76
Q10) During the ________________ stage of labor,the baby is delivered.
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Chapter 22:Human Development and Genetics-Part C
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Q1) The placenta is formed by:
A)the maternal endometrium and fetal chorion
B)the maternal myometrium and fetal amnion
C)the maternal endometrium and fetal amnion
D)the maternal myometrium and fetal chorion
Q2) A person who has two similar genes for a particular trait is said to be:
A)homologous
B)homozygous
C)heterologous
D)heterozygous
Q3) The portion of the blastocyst that contains the potential embryo is the:
A)ectoderm
B)trophoblast
C)inner cell mass
D)endoderm
Q4) A human cell contains how many pairs of autosomes?
A)22 pairs
B)23 pairs
C)44 pairs
D)46 pairs
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Chapter 1:An Introduction to Microbiology and Human
Disease-Part A
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Q1) Bacteria that require oxygen in order to reproduce are called:
A)deoxygenated
B)oxygenated
C)aerobic
D)anaerobic
Q2) Which of these is a zoonosis?
A)measles
B)encephalitis
C)mumps
D)whooping cough
Q3) A disease such as tetanus,which is acquired by soil contamination of a wound,is called:
A)communicable
B)contagious
C)noncommunicable
D)none of these
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Chapter 1:An Introduction to Microbiology and Human
Disease-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites,which means that they must be _________________ in order to ______________________.
Q2) In women,the flora of the vagina create a(n)_________________ pH that inhibits the growth of pathogens.
Q3) To prevent hospital-acquired infections,the staff should make _____________________ a first priority.
Q4) Fomites are ____________________________ that may be sources of pathogens.
Q5) The part of a bacterial cell that enables it to resist phagocytosis by WBCs is the ___________________________.
Q6) The flaking of the stratum corneum continuously removes potential pathogens from the __________________________.
Q7) The presence of bacteria in the blood is called _____________________________.
Q8) A(n)_______________________ disease is one with more than the usual number of cases in a population.
Q9) The pathogens that are made of only a nucleic acid and protein are the
Q11) A chronic infection is one that _________________________________.
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Chapter 1:An Introduction to Microbiology and Human
Disease-Part C
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of bacteria (Select all that apply)?
A) Bacterial DNA is always in pairs of circular chromosomes.
B) The chemical structure of the cell wall of bacteria is the basis for the Gram stain.
C) A bacterial capsule inhibits phagocytosis by white blood cells.
D) Bacterial flagella permit attachment to a host cell.
E) Many bacterial toxins are enzymes the bacteria use to obtain food.
F) A bacterial spore is a reproductive structure that produces four bacteria from one.
G) Coccus is to sphere as bacillus is to square.
H) Anaerobic bacteria do not reproduce in the absence of oxygen.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of viruses (Select all that apply)?
A)A virus has either DNA or RNA surrounding its protein core.
B)To reproduce,a virus must be within a living cell.
C)Viruses spread from person to person only by direct contact.
D)Viruses cause disease by killing the cells they reproduce within.
E)The enzymes secreted by viruses are needed for them to obtain food.
F)Some viruses require insect vectors to spread from host to host.
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