Pre-Medical Human Physiology
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Pre-Medical Human Physiology offers an in-depth exploration of the fundamental principles governing the functioning of the human body, emphasizing mechanisms at the cellular, tissue, organ, and systemic levels. The course covers major physiological systems, including the nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, digestive, endocrine, and musculoskeletal systems, highlighting how they interact to maintain homeostasis. Designed for students preparing for medical or health-related professions, this course integrates theoretical knowledge with practical applications, fostering critical thinking and problem-solving skills essential for clinical environments. Through lectures, discussions, and laboratory exercises, students gain a comprehensive foundation in human physiology that prepares them for advanced studies in medical and allied health programs.
Recommended Textbook
Fundamentals of Human Physiology 4th Edition by Lauralee Sherwood
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
18 Chapters
4200 Verified Questions
4200 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/418 Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7326
Sample Questions
Q1) Compare the external and internal body environments. Answer: Basic cell functions include: obtaining food and oxygen, extracting energy from nutrients, eliminating wastes, protein synthesis, controlling exchange between cells and the surrounding environment, internal cellular movement, being able to respond to changes in the surrounding environment, and reproducing.
Q2) The activity of one organ is influenced by the activity of several other organs to maintain homeostasis. This is an example of:
A) intrinsic control
B) extrinsic control
C) positive feedback
D) lack of communication
E) feed forward system
Answer: B
Q3) Organs are composed of two or more kinds of primary tissues.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) ____________________ muscle tissue composes the heart.
Answer: cardiac
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 3
Chapter 2: Cell Physiology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
181 Verified Questions
181 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7327
Sample Questions
Q1) The rough ER is a membranous system associated with A) chromosomes.
B) lysosomes.
C) microfilaments.
D) ribosomes.
E) vacuoles.
Answer: D
Q2) What might happen if you did not get enough niacin in your diet?
A) glucose would not be able to be cleaved.
B) available FAD would decrease.
C) when the 3-carbon chain is oxidized in glycolysis, electrons would not be able to be captured.
D) only fermentation would be possible
E) all of these answers.
Answer: C
Q3) ____________________ are the dominant structural and functional components of cilia and flagella.
Answer: microtubules
Q4) The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores the substance ____________________.
Answer: calcium
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
214 Verified Questions
214 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7328
Sample Questions
Q1) In ____________________ transport, sodium and the accompanying molecule are moved in same directions across the membrane.
Answer: symport
Q2) The equilibrium potential for a given ion decreases as the difference in concentration of the ion outside and inside the cell increases.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) At resting membrane potential, passive and active forces exactly balance each other so there is no net movement of ions across the membrane.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) on that is actively transported into the cell
A)Na<sup>+</sup>
B)K<sup>+</sup>
C)A<sup>-</sup>
D)Cl<sup>-</sup>
Answer: B
Page 5
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 4: Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
230 Verified Questions
230 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7329
Sample Questions
Q1) Peptide hormones cause changes in solute permeability or alter intracellular protein activity at their targets.
A)True
B)False
Q2) increased P<sub>Cl-</sub> of the subsynaptic membrane
A)associated with an excitatory synapse
B)associated with an inhibitory synapse
Q3) Cholesterol is a common precursor for steroid synthesis.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Chemical messengers act at a long distance from their site of secretion.
A)applies to the endocrine system
B)applies to the nervous system
C)applies to both the endocrine and nervous systems
Q5) The majority of hormones falls into the class of ____________________.
Q6) electrical gradient for K<sup>+</sup> at the peak of an action potential
A)This force tends to move the involved ion out of the cell.
B)This force tends to move the involved ion into the cell.
Q7) The specific site upon which a hormone exerts its effect is referred to as a(n) ____________________ cell. Page 6
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 7
Chapter 5: The Central Nervous System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
250 Verified Questions
250 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7330
Sample Questions
Q1) responsible for comprehension and formulation of coherent patterns of speech
A)temporal lobe
B)Wernicke's area
C)somatosensory cortex
D)limbic association cortex
E)corpus callosum
F)primary motor cortex
G)occipital lobe
H)Broca's area
I)supplementary motor area
J)prefrontal association cortex
Q2) Astrocytes
A) induce formation of the blood-brain barrier.
B) are important in the repair of brain injuries and in neural scar formation.
C) take up excess K<sup>+</sup> from the brain ECF.
D) physically support neurons.
E) all of these answers.
Q3) REM
A)Slow-wave
B)Paradoxical
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 8
Chapter 6: The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division and Special Senses
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
244 Verified Questions
244 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7331
Sample Questions
Q1) Endorphins and enkephalins
A) are endogenous morphine-like substances.
B) are important in the body's natural analgesic system.
C) block the actions of substance P by binding with opiate receptors.
D) both (a) and (b) above.
E) all of these answers.
Q2) Sour taste is caused by the hydrogen ions from acids.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Each region of the auditory cortex becomes excited only in response to a specific tone detected by a selected portion of the basilar membrane.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Measured in cycles per second.
A)timbre (quality)
B)pitch (tone)
C)intensity of a sound wave (loudness)
Q5) A concave lens is used to correct for a myopic eye.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 9
Chapter 7: The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7332
Sample Questions
Q1) Select the correct statement about the neuromuscular junction.
A) AChE activity is absent here.
B) It involves presynaptic neurons of the autonomic nervous system.
C) It is a junction between two neurons.
D) It is always excitatory.
E) The axon terminals do not store neurotransmitters.
Q2) Dual innervation of organs by both branches of the autonomic nervous system allows a fine degree of control over these organs.
A)True
B)False
Q3) By blocking the effect of acetylcholine at muscarinic but not nicotinic receptors, atropine is able to block parasympathetic effects while not influencing sympathetic activity at all.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Sympathetic stimulation of the gallbladder increases the amount of bile released into the small intestines.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 10
Chapter 8: Muscle Physiology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
333 Verified Questions
333 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7333
Sample Questions
Q1) Stretch reflexes are important
A) for maintaining balance and posture.
B) for providing afferent information coordinating complex muscle activity.
C) for determining the level of tone.
D) both (a) and (b) above.
E) both (b) and (c) above.
Q2) Summation
A) results from increases in cystolic calcium levels.
B) a decreased in the rate of firing of the motor neuron
C) produces weaker than normal contractions
D) rarely results in tetany.
E) none of these answers.
Q3) Which of the following is a characteristic of isometric muscle contractions?
A) they occur at constant tension.
B) the muscle shortens.
C) they are used for body movements.
D) they occur at constant length.
E) the external muscle tension is greater than the load.
Q4) Compare the major characteristics of the three types of skeletal muscle fibers.
Q5) The source of calcium in smooth muscle is the ____________________.
Page 11
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 9: Cardiac Physiology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
284 Verified Questions
284 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7334
Sample Questions
Q1) The second heart sound is due to closure of the AV valves.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The amount of blood pumped out of the heart during each beat is known as the cardiac output.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The cardiac muscle
A) extracts oxygen and nutrients from the blood within its chambers.
B) receives its blood supply primarily during ventricular systole when blood is forced into the vessels supplying the heart.
C) receives its blood supply as the blood returning to the heart from the lung passes through the cardiac circulation before being pumped to the systemic circulation.
D) receives most of its blood supply during ventricular diastole by means of the coronary circulation.
E) none of these answers.
Q4) left ventricle
Q5) The ____________________ is the volume of blood pumped by each ventricle/minute.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Chapter 10: The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
204 Verified Questions
204 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7335
Sample Questions
Q1) The movements of fluid across the capillary wall depend on all of the following except
A) capillary blood pressure.
B) interstitial-fluid hydrostatic pressure.
C) plasma protein concentration.
D) interstitial-fluid protein concentration.
E) concentration of glucose in the capillary.
Q2) Caused by histamine
Q3) Which vessels can act as a blood reservoir by adjusting their total capacity to accommodate variations in blood volume?
A) arteries.
B) arterioles.
C) capillaries.
D) veins.
E) lymph vessels.
Q4) Caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide
Q5) Resistance to blood flow is _____ proportional to viscosity, _____ proportional to vessel length and _______ proportional to vessel radius.
Q6) Caused by sympathetic stimulation
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 13
Chapter 11: The Blood and Body Defenses
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
247 Verified Questions
247 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7336
Sample Questions
Q1) Diapedesis is the means by which a leukocyte reproduces.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Are similar to mast cells.
A)neutrophils
B)eosinophils
C)basophils
D)monocytes
E)T lymphocytes
F)B lymphocytes
Q3) Pathogens are microorganisms that cause ____________________.
Q4) Cytotoxic T cells also induce viral infected cells to self-destruct in a process known as __________.
Q5) Which of the following is not a way in which antibodies exert their protective influence?
A) neutralization.
B) agglutination.
C) direct destruction of foreign organisms.
D) activation of the complement system.
E) enhancement of phagocytosis.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Chapter 12: The Respiratory System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
203 Verified Questions
203 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7337
Sample Questions
Q1) A transmural pressure gradient exists across the lung wall because the ____ pressure is less than the ____ pressure.
A) intrapleural, intra-alveolar.
B) intra-alveolar, intrapleural.
C) intrapleural, atmospheric.
D) atmospheric, intra-alveolar.
E) none of these answers.
Q2) A person with asthma has more difficulty expiring than inspiring, giving rise to the characteristic "wheeze" as air is forced out through the narrowed airways.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following makes breathing more difficult?
A) increased pulmonary compliance.
B) increased airway resistance.
C) decreased elastic recoil.
D) both (a) and (b) above.
E) both (b) and (c) above.
Q4) ____________________ refers to air in the pleural cavity.
Q5) Describe how hemoglobin's saturation is related to oxygen delivery to tissue.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 15
Chapter 13: The Urinary System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
258 Verified Questions
258 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7338
Sample Questions
Q1) Is subject to hormonal control.
A)sodium reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules
B)sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule
C)sodium reabsorption coupled with chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle
Q2) Is secreted from the granular cells of the renal juxtaglomerular apparatus.
A)renin
B)angiotensinogen
C)angiotensin I
D)angiotensin II
E)aldosterone
F)atrial natriuretic peptide
Q3) The process of preventing micturition in spite of initiation of the reflex involves A) the cerebral cortex.
B) voluntary stimulation of the motor neuron supplying the external urethral sphincter.
C) voluntary stimulation of the internal urethral sphincter via its parasympathetic nerve supply.
D) both (a) and (b) above.
E) all of these answers.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 16
Chapter 14: Fluid and Acid-Base Balance
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
182 Verified Questions
182 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7339
Sample Questions
Q1) The percentage of body water varies from person to person.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When H<sup>+</sup> secretion increases to compensate for acidosis, less ______ can be secreted and vice versa when H<sup>+</sup> secretion is reduced in alkalosis.
Q3) Extracellular fluid is divided into two compartments, the plasma fluid and the interstitial fluid.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Control of salt balance in humans is accomplished primarily by control of salt intake via a well-developed salt hunger.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the primary regulatory mechanism to maintain water balance in the body?
A) control of intake through thirst.
B) control of sweating
C) control of output through regulation of urine production by the kidney
D) oral metering
E) control of insensible water loss
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 17
Chapter 15: The Digestive System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
304 Verified Questions
304 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7340
Sample Questions
Q1) Hormones collectively known as enterogastrones include: __________, _____________ and _____________.
Q2) The parietal cells of the gastric mucosa secrete
A) HCl.
B) pepsinogen.
C) intrinsic factor.
D) both HCl and pepsinogen.
E) both HCl and intrinsic factor.
Q3) Food converted to bolus.
A)mouth
B)stomach
C)small intestine lumen
D)intracellularly in the small intestine brush border
E)colon
Q4) Stimulate(s) the pancreatic acinar cells.
A)both secretin and CCK
B)secretin
C)CCK
D)gastrin
Q5) Indicate the causes and effects of constipation and diarrhea.
Page 18
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 16: Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
168 Verified Questions
168 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7341
Sample Questions
Q1) Sweating
A) causes vasodilation of the skin vessels.
B) increases the insulative capacity of the skin so that less heat can be gained from the environment.
C) is the only heat-loss mechanism available to the body when the environmental temperature is so high that a normal temperature gradient between the skin and the environment cannot be established.
D) both (a) and (c) above.
E) all of these answers.
Q2) produced by intestines, decreases appetite
A)Ghrelin
B)PYY3-36
C)CCK
D)Leptin
E)Neuropeptide Y
F)Melanocortins
G)Insulin
H)thyroid hormone
Q3) Peripheral ____________ monitor skin temperature.
Q4) ____________________ tissue stores fat.
Page 19
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 17: The Endocrine System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
335 Verified Questions
335 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7342
Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement regarding vasopressin in incorrect?
A) it is produced in the hypothalamus.
B) it stimulates uterine smooth muscle contraction.
C) it increases kidney reabsorption of water.
D) it is a potent arteriolar vasoconstrictor.
E) it is released when the osmolarity of the plasma increases.
Q2) Cortisol _____ blood glucose.
A)increases
B)decreases
C)has no effect on
Q3) insulin
A)alpha cells of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas
B)beta cells of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas
C)anterior pituitary
D)hypothalamus
E)adrenal cortex
F)adrenal medulla
G)parathyroid gland
H)thyroid gland
I)skin
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 20
Chapter 18: The Reproductive System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
302 Verified Questions
302 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7343
Sample Questions
Q1) secondary oocyte
A)contains a full set of 23 pairs of chromosomes
B)contains a full set of 23 pairs of doubled chromosomes
C)contains a half set of doubled chromosomes
D)contains a set of 23 single unpaired chromosomes
Q2) During spermatogenesis, the first meiotic division yields two ____, and the second meiotic division yields four ____.
A) primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes
B) secondary spermatocytes, spermatids
C) spermatids, spermatozoa
D) spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes
E) none of these answers.
Q3) The ductus deferens passes through the inguinal canal.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The activity of which stage is solely dependent upon LH?
A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7
21
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.