Practicum in Counseling Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Practicum in Counseling provides students with supervised, hands-on experience in professional counseling settings, allowing them to apply theoretical knowledge and counseling techniques with real clients. Through direct client interaction, observation, case documentation, and participation in supervision meetings, students develop core competencies such as rapport building, ethical decision-making, and intervention planning. The course emphasizes reflective practice, multicultural competence, and the integration of feedback to enhance counseling skills, preparing students for advanced clinical training and professional roles in mental health services.
Recommended Textbook Theory and Treatment Planning in Counseling and Psychotherapy 2nd Edition by
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Diane R. Gehart
Chapter 1: Counseling Theory, Competency, Research, and You:
Connecting the Dots
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Q1) Competencies refers to a necessary set of skills,consistent across all disciplines,in which the counselor must learn to interact in a way that is best for
A) the chosen theory
B) the changing situation
C) the client
D) the counselor
Answer: C
Q2) Common factors proponents,supported by metaanalyses of outcome studies,contend that the effectiveness of counseling has more to do with _________________________ than with a specific theory?
A) unique components of a specific theory
B) counselor education and training
C) how ready the client is for therapy
D) key elements found in all theories
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Treatment Planning
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Q1) Diversity can be addressed in treatment tasks by doing all of the following EXCEPT:
A) disregarding the possibility of marginalization and discrimination in the assessment process
B) using humor with teens or men
C) adopting a more formal, respectful relational style with immigrants
D) incorporating spirituality
Answer: A
Q2) Symptom based treatment plans are developed from the medical model and focus on symptoms,making them relevant to the medical community but limiting ________________________________.
A) the client's ability to understand diagnosis
B) counselors from conceptualizing treatment in useful ways
C) development of a step-by-step plan
D) counselors to using more relevant methods.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Jungian Analytic Psychology
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Q1) Describe the relationship between the ego and the Self?
Q2) The goal to increase awareness of the persona and how it is maintained is a good example of an early or working phase goal and aimed at
A) increasing polarities
B) understanding complexes
C) analysis of archetypes
D) individuation
Q3) Briefly explain what Myers-Briggs is.
Q4) Jung's original concept of personality types identifies three general elements comprised of two polarities.These elements include all of the following,EXCEPT:
A) extravert/introvert which describe general attitude and orientation.
B) thinking/feeling which refers to how people organize information and made decisions.
C) intuitive/sensing which describes people's typical style of experiencing the world.
D) perceiving/judging which refers to how people orient to things outside themselves.
Q5) Describe the role of the counselor in Jungian analytical psychology?
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Chapter 5: Adlerian Individual Counseling
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Q1) The counselor's primary role in this approach is __________________,helping the client to understand mistaken beliefs and improve social relatedness.
A) expert
B) educator
C) partner
D) objective witness.
Q2) Adler departed from colleagues Freud and Jung on all of the following issues,EXCEPT: A) a holistic view of human nature.
B) social factors and social motivation.
C) dream analysis.
D) choice and self-determination.
Q3) Encouragement is a key concept in Adlerian counseling and requires the counselor to believe that clients can change their lives and to inspire them to take real-world action based on insight.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is meant by "private logic"?
Q5) Explain the role of psychoeducation in Adlerian counseling.
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Chapter 6: Person-Centered Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Q1) All of the following are examples of process oriented goals EXCEPT:
A) increase ability to identify emotions in present moment.
B) increase sense of agency and proactive behavior in work life.
C) increase sense of responsibility for own problems and their resolution.
D) increase problem solving abilities.
Q2) Amy,a counseling intern,meets with her first client,a 19-year-old male sophomore who lives in the college dorms.The client has been mandated to enter counseling after being caught intoxicated for the third time.As the client shares his stories of "drunken sex with different partners every night for the last 2 weeks", Amy listens with a calm and even demeanor,wondering what is happening in her client's life that is leading him to engage in risky behavior.Which term best describes Amy's reaction as she listens to her client?
A) empathy
B) therapeutic presence
C) mirroring
D) understanding
Q3) List and describe 3 interventions utilized in person-centered counseling.
Q4) List and describe Roger's three core conditions that the therapist must create in the counseling relationship.
Q5) What is self-actualization?
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Chapter 7: Existential Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Q1) Which of the following statements is the best example of a goal in existential counseling?
A) Develop a sense of identity that is less dependent on financial status.
B) Reduce depressed mood.
C) Create greater acceptance of change.
D) Reduce existential anxiety and/or fear of being alone.
Q2) What do existential counselors believe about the purpose of life?
Q3) Which of the following statements is a poor cultural adaptation/consideration for an existential counselor working with Salma or any other client from a diverse background?
A) Attend to Salma's relational and conflict resolution patterns.
B) Assess Salma's cultural expectations for collectivism vs. individualism.
C) Adapt existentialist expectations of independence and responsibility.
D) Apply existentialist concepts of freedom and responsibility.
Q4) Existential counseling and person-centered counseling work toward
A) curing mental illness
B) helping people live more authentic and self-actualized lives
C) dealing with crises in identity
D) fostering healthy relationships with others
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Chapter 8: Gestalt Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Q1) What is meant by an "experiential" approach to therapy?
Q2) The statement: "The more one tries to change (and be who one is not),the more one stays the same." refers to what concept in Gestalt counseling?
A) organismic self-regulation
B) awareness
C) integration of polarities
D) paradoxical theory of change.
Q3) When a Gestalt counselor is "assessing the field," the counselor will likely ask the client all of the following questions EXCEPT:
A) What was your experience?
B) How did others experience you?
C) How did you contribute to creating your experience?
D) How did you contribute to the experience of others?
Q4) What are the strengths and weaknesses of Gestalt counseling in working with diverse populations?
Q5) What is meant by the statement,"The more one tries to change (and be who one is not),the more one stays the same."
Q6) What is the person of the counselor and why is it important?
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Chapter 9: Foundational Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches
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Q1) How/why does cognitive-behavioral counseling align more closely with DSM diagnosis than other approaches?
Q2) Regarding the cognitive-behavioral counselors' approach to empathy,which of the following is true.
A) Empathy allows the counselor to build rapport in order to get to intervention that will change behavior/thoughts but do not believe empathy by itself is curative.
B) Empathy in itself is curative and can be the intervention which changes thoughts and behavior.
C) Empathy does not have a place in the cognitive-behavioral process since the focus must be only on the relationship between behavior and cognition.
D) Empathy is used to distract the client from the behavioral and cognitive changes the counselor is introducing.
Q3) What is meant by the terms in-vivo and flooding?
Q4) Explain Beck's concept of distorted cognitions and identify at least one common distortion.
Q5) How does a person's thoughts shape emotional and behavioral responses?
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Chapter 10: Evidence-Based Cognitive-Behavioral
Approaches: Dialectic Behavior Therapy and
Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
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Q1) The counseling relationship is central to TF-CBT because trauma can result in lack of safety and trust,and therefore requires
A) a safe, nurturing, accepting, and reliable relationship
B) awareness of the unconscious and preparation for future problem events
C) a strong counselor presence and reality training in order to keep the client grounded in reality
D) a highly structured, rigid environment with clear expectations to create a sense of reliability and clarity of expectations
Q2) Dialectical conceptualization is about finding balance between polar opposites.In the psychological realm opposites take the form of
A) conscious; unconscious; self
B) id; ego; superego
C) thoughts; emotions; behaviors
D) psychoeducation; acceptance; transformation
Q3) What is the cognitive triangle and what is it used for?
Q5) What is synthesis? Page 12
Q4) Explain why the use of validation is important to the client.
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Chapter 11: Systemic Family Counseling and Therapy
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Q1) Jamie,a systemic counselor,is working with Don,who reports having repeated arguments several time a week with his girlfriend because he gets upset when she is running late.Which of the following is an example of a suggestion Jamie might make to interrupt and alter this pattern?
A) Don should avoid saying anything to his girlfriend.
B) Don should first give her a sincere compliment before making a comment about her running late.
C) Don should tell his girlfriend about he feels unloved when she runs late.
D) Don should firmly tell her that if she is late again, he will break up with her.
Q2) The purpose of enactments in systemic counseling is ___________________________________________________.
A) to avoid seeing couples or family arguing in your office
B) to observe and restructure couple and family interactions in your office
C) to hear couples and families describe how they interact
D) to help couples and families to argue in a healthy manner in your office
Q3) What are the benefits of using systemic therapy with diverse client populations?
Q4) How does homeostasis play a role in the family structure and system?
Q5) How are symptoms viewed by systemic therapists?
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Chapter 12: Solution-Based Approaches
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Q1) __________________ refers to the idea that solution-based counselors make no assumptions about a client's unique experiences and understandings of their problems.
A) Channeling language
B) Echoing Client's Key Words
C) Optimism and Hope
D) Beginner's Mind
Q2) The difference between the following two statements: "I always feel down" versus "You were feeling down yesterday," is an example of _________________________.
A) echoing client's key words
B) reflecting
C) channeling language
D) mirroring
Q3) Asking a client to define their goals and rate their progress towards goals can be accomplished using ___________________________.
A) the miracle question
B) coping questions
C) pre-suppositional questions
D) scaling questions
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Chapter 13: Narrative and Collaborative Approaches
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Q1) According to narrative counselors,the following statement: "A 'happy' and 'good' person,should get married,get a stable,high-paying job,have kids,get a nice car,buy a house,volunteer at your child's school,and build a white-picket fence," is an example of:
A) A unique outcome
B) A problem-saturated story
C) An alternative discourse
D) A dominant discourse
Q2) __________________ is the term used to describe when stories or subplots in which the problem-saturated story do not play out in its typical way with no dramatic ending or particularly notable outcome.
A) Problem narrative
B) Happy ending
C) Dull story
D) Unique outcome.
Q3) What is externalizing and how is it used in narrative counseling?
Q4) What role does curiosity play in collaborative counseling?
Q5) In what ways is collaborative counseling ideal for working with diverse populations?
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Chapter 14: Feminist and Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Q1) When considering DSM diagnosis,feminist counselors
A) refuse to utilize such classification systems
B) use diagnostic labels in ways that are normalizing
C) find diagnostic labels unhelpful at all times
D) do not consider the impact of labels in a client's view of him or her self
Q2) Feminist counselors promote social activism and social justice through their own actions and with their clients by
A) requiring clients to start groups for peers in their communities suffering from similar struggles
B) supporting clients finding ways to make a difference in their communities in ways that work for the client
C) advocating for clients no matter what the cost (personally or professionally) to the therapist
D) projecting the beliefs of the counselor onto the client until the client accepts them
Q3) Define and describe the egalitarian relationship.
Q4) How do political issues play a role in a person's internal reality according to feminist counseling?
Page 17
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Chapter 15: Introduction to Theoretical Integration
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Q1) Models that provide an organized template for integrating theories that incorporate evidence-based practices and target appropriate treatment for a specific client are referred to as __________________________.
A) common factors approach
B) theoretical integration
C) systemic treatment selection
D) evidence-based approaches
Q2) From the perspective of the _______________ approach,the truth is contextual and the counseling relationship is an empathic one in which the counselor serves to participate in the system in order to "perturb" it so that it can reorganize itself.
A) modernism
B) post-modernism
C) systemic
D) phenomenological
Q3) _____________ is a process of borrowing from more than one theory.
A) eclecticism
B) joining
C) integration
D) combining.
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Chapter 16: Integrative Case Conceptualization
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Q1) How does a counselor utilize client strengths in the formation of a case conceptualization?
Q2) How might a clinician excel in case conceptualization and assessment?
Q3) A counselor who practices from a post modern perspective is assessing a client who states while sharing her problem discourse,"I have failed as a sister" because of her younger brother's experimentation with alcohol.What would the counselor call the story that her client tells herself?
A) the problem discourse
B) the identity narrative
C) the dominant narrative
D) the local or preferred narrative
Q4) What purpose do counseling theories serve?
Q5) In behavioral counseling,assessment focuses on observable symptoms.In order to measure a client's progress in therapy it is first necessary to get
A) a sense of relationship patterns
B) an assessment of defense mechanisms
C) a baseline of symptomatic behavior
D) one's road map for life
Q6) List and describe three elements of a case conceptualization.
Page 19
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