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Practical Nursing Foundations introduces students to the essential concepts, skills, and responsibilities necessary for a successful career in nursing. The course covers key topics such as the healthcare system, ethical and legal standards, patient safety, communication techniques, and basic clinical procedures. Emphasis is placed on developing critical thinking, cultural competency, and foundational nursing interventions through both theoretical instruction and hands-on clinical lab experiences. Students gain a thorough understanding of infection prevention, patient assessment, and professional collaboration, preparing them for further studies and practice in various healthcare settings.
Recommended Textbook
Success in Practical Vocational Nursing 7th Edition by Hill
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Sample Questions
Q1) What strategy can be used by a nursing student to effectively combat a fear of failure?
A) Experience a large number of positive events
B) Maintain good physical health
C) Have adequate money to provide for needs
D) Create a mental script of positive thoughts
Answer: D
Q2) With regard to the teaching-learning process,what can the nursing student identify as the instructor's responsibility to the student?
A) Solve each of the student's learning problems.
B) Create an environment in which learning can occur.
C) Make learning simple and free from psychological pain.
D) Eliminate difficult concepts from lectures and laboratories.
E) Assist students to answer questions not independently resolved.
Answer: B,E
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Q1) The outcome that is the best evidence that a nursing student's time management plan is working is that the student
A) reports feeling happy at home.
B) is popular with peers.
C) achieves passing grades on tests and evaluations.
D) demonstrates positive relationships with instructors.
Answer: C
Q2) A nursing student has a conflict with taking a scheduled course in the nursing program and picking up children from day care.Which adjustment is possible and would result in the best resolution?
A) Request the nursing program offer the course at a different time.
B) Withdraw from the nursing program until the children are older.
C) Arrange to have a friend or relative pick up the children.
D) Remove the children from day care.
Answer: C
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Sample Questions
Q1) A learning style preference test identified a student as an interpersonal learner.Identify the strategies that would be most useful to this learner.
A) Review notes while walking on a treadmill or stationary bike.
B) Participate in a study group.
C) Study in an area that is neat and orderly.
D) Draw diagrams of study material.
E) Compare observations in conference.
Answer: B,E
Q2) A person who learns best by visualizing,dreaming,working with colors and pictures,and studying diagrams,boxes,and special lists in the text is known as what type of learner?
A) Spatial learner
B) Linguistic learner
C) Kinesthetic/tactual leaner
D) Musical learner
Answer: A
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Q1) A nursing student reads rapidly and comprehensively but has difficulty recalling the content of assigned chapters in the nursing textbook.Which hint would be most helpful?
A) "Read each sentence word for word."
B) "Slow your reading speed for technical material."
C) "Never move your lips while reading."
D) "Ensure that the text is not marked by underlining and margin notes."
Q2) A nursing student asks for suggestions for successful test preparation.Select the items that give the best advice.
A) "Go to a movie or watch television the night before the test."
B) "Reread pertinent chapters in the textbook."
C) "Plan to study from 8 PM until 2 AM the night before the test."
D) "Focus on note summaries, margin writings, and underlined text."
E) "Clarify the examination format with the instructor."
Q3) A nursing student spends lecture time doodling and staring out the window while thinking about what to cook for dinner.This student can best be described as a/an ____________________ listener.
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Q1) A nursing student tells another student,"The instructor assigned both a textbook chapter and a journal article! It should be one or the other,not both!" The reply that shows the best understanding of the assignment is
A) "The journal article may give us updated information on one aspect of the assignment."
B) "Sometimes textbooks have incorrect information, so it provides checks and balances."
C) "Reading articles allows us to make sure the instructors provide current information in lecture."
D) "Copyright laws prevent the instructor from lecturing directly from that source, so we have to read."
Q2) Four students are discussing when it is appropriate to miss a nursing class.Which student provides the only acceptable reason for missing a class?
A) Student A states, "I have to miss class to go to a job interview."
B) Student B states, "I would only miss class to deal with an emergency."
C) Student C states, "I miss class to go to eye and dental appointments."
D) Student D states, "I sometimes miss class to study for a test in another class."
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Sample Questions
Q1) The key to modifying co-dependent behavior is
A) recognition.
B) recreation.
C) intensive therapy.
D) establishing vulnerability.
Q2) During report,the LPN/LVN relates that although her assigned patient was ambulatory,she provided a bed bath,special foot care,and nail care; she justified the care by saying that the patient seemed very tired.The nurse also mentioned that the patient had a number of personal problems for which she provided counseling.The charge nurse recognizes these behaviors as suggesting
A) conscientious nursing.
B) empathetic response.
C) conflict avoidance.
D) co-dependence.
Q3) When a patient inquires about the 2010 MyPlate recommendations the nurse responds
A) "Protein is the largest part of the plate."
B) "Delete starch from the plate."
C) "Half of the plate should be fruits and vegetables."
D) "2% milk is recommended."

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Q1) The first chapter of the American Red Cross was established by A) Clara Barton.
B) Sairy Gamp.
C) Dorothea Lynde Dix.
D) Florence Nightingale.
Q2) Which statement best explains the "entry into practice" controversy?
A) Nursing shortages would be relieved if all nurses entered into practice as LPN/LVNs.
B) The return to self-proclaimed nurses would save scarce health care dollars.
C) "Entry into practice" refers to discerning the educational level most appropriate for entry into the practice of nursing: ADN, BSN, MSN.
D) After graduation, all professional and vocational nurses should enter practice by serving a 1-year internship in a hospital setting.
Q3) In what year was practical nurse licensure utilized for the first time?
A) 1903
B) 1914
C) 1938
D) 1941
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Q1) Which factor that influences critical thinking provides the best rationale for using a team meeting to plan care for a patient?
A) Collaboration
B) Moral development
C) Self-confidence
D) Maturity
Q2) The nursing student has learned the principles of determining and recording intake and output.When the student cares for a patient who has had a liquid breakfast and has voided twice and vomited once,the student documents intake and output in the patient's chart using the cognitive level known as
A) knowledge.
B) comprehension.
C) application.
D) analysis.
Q3) Which remark by a nurse demonstrates the use of critical thinking?
A) "I just let my thoughts flow."
B) "My mind is made up. Why listen further?"
C) "I play and replay a situation, like using instant replay."
D) "I think about what other information I need before proceeding."
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Q1) A blood pressure of 110/70 at 8 PM is most accurately described as an example of A) planning data.
B) subjective data.
C) objective data.
D) reassessment data.
Q2) A student nurse asks,"What's the primary purpose of the evaluation phase of the nursing process?" The best response is to
A) establish a time frame for completion of goals.
B) determine whether the nurse completed all nursing interventions.
C) determine which nurses are eligible for raises or promotion.
D) compare actual patient outcomes with desired outcomes.
Q3) A nurse reviews a patient's care plan and finds a goal for the patient to ambulate at least three times a day.The nurse assists the patient to accomplish this goal.The nurse is participating in which step of the nursing process?
A) Planning
B) Evaluation
C) Data collection
D) Implementation
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Q1) According to the culture care theory,the two kinds of care in every culture are A) practical and generic.
B) generic and professional.
C) professional and nonprofessional.
D) practical and professional.
Q2) The three concepts considered important to nursing are person,health,and A) socialization.
B) procedure.
C) environment.
D) theory.
Q3) The nursing theory that is most likely to be implemented by the nurse as a basis for developing a therapeutic relationship with the adult or child psychiatric patients is A) Maslow's hierarchy of human needs theory.
B) Jean Watson's theory of human care.
C) Orem's self-care deficit theory.
D) Peplau's interpersonal relations theory.
Q4) In 2010,the _____________________________________ established competencies for nursing graduates at all levels.
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Q1) A nurse injects himself or herself with a narcotic prescribed for a patient.This is an example of
A) unethical and illegal behavior.
B) ethical and legal behavior.
C) unethical but legal behavior.
D) ethical but illegal behavior.
Q2) The introduction of the nursing process and critical thinking into nursing practice has resulted in increased ethical and legal responsibilities for nurses in the areas of (select all that apply):
A) peer reporting.
B) accountability.
C) personal ethics.
D) patient advocacy.
E) cost containment.
Q3) A way of practicing fidelity to a patient would be to
A) discuss the patient with friends at a social gathering.
B) document the patient's expression of feelings and wishes.
C) categorize the patient as a "down-and-out alcoholic."
D) develop the care plan without patient input.
Page 13
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Q1) When documenting patient behavior,the LPN/LVN should
A) record subjective interpretations of patient behavior.
B) avoid mentioning communicating with supervisors to report changes in condition.
C) record all interventions performed and patient instruction given.
D) use Wite-Out to erase errors in documentation.
Q2) Civil law is concerned with A) acts that threaten society.
B) decision making based on the nursing process.
C) intentional and unintentional torts.
D) guilt associated with criminal behavior.
Q3) The nurse discusses the patient's condition on the phone with the patient's brother.On learning this,the patient is upset,saying he has not spoken with his brother for years and does not want his brother to know anything about his condition.The nurse has A) slandered the patient.
B) committed a felony.
C) breached confidentiality.
D) assaulted the patient.
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Q1) A trusting relationship with a patient can be fostered by
A) introducing oneself and stating one's role.
B) identifying the patient by room number.
C) seeing the patient every 5 to 7 minutes.
D) making up answers when one does not know the answer.
Q2) Which statement is true regarding open-ended,closed-ended,and focused questions?
A) Open-ended questions always achieve their purpose.
B) Closed-ended and focused questions are used to get specific information.
C) Closed-ended questions are used primarily with children and the elderly.
D) Focused questions are more useful when communicating with men.
Q3) Types of communication include which of the following?
A) Verbal communication
B) Affective communication
C) Nonverbal communication
D) Symptomatic communication
Q4) Characteristics of one-way communication include all of the following except
A) it is sender controlled.
B) receiver feedback is not expected.
C) it always has negative value.
D) it is useful to give commands.

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Sample Questions
Q1) A student nurse is assigned to care for a patient who is known to be angry.During the caregiving process,the patient hits the student nurse.The action the student nurse should initially take is to
A) indicate that he does not like being hit and continue to provide care to the patient.
B) leave the patient in a safe situation and immediately report the event to the instructor.
C) immediately leave the room and call the patient's physician for an order to medicate the patient.
D) go to the telephone and call the local police to report the incident.
Q2) The nurse is assigned to park in a newly created parking lot that is far from the hospital building.Some of the lights in the new parking lot have not been installed.As the nurse is about to leave,she notices several young men loitering near the walkway she must take.The nurse should
A) take a deep breath and walk rapidly toward the parking lot.
B) try to use friendliness by greeting the young men as she passes them.
C) wait inside the hospital until the young men leave.
D) call for a security guard to serve as an escort to the car.
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Q1) The member of the health care team responsible for assisting patients to arrange for community agencies to provide services after discharge is the A) nurse.
B) physician.
C) physical therapist.
D) social worker.
Q2) The role of the LPN/LVN in the health care team is best described as A) independent.
B) advanced practice.
C) interdependent.
D) decentralized.
Q3) An LPN/LVN offers input to the RN about the effectiveness of the patient's care plan.By doing this,the LPN/LVN is functioning in an A) entrepreneurial role.
B) expanded role.
C) interdependent role.
D) independent role.
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Sample Questions
Q1) Culver suggests that regardless of one's specific environment,two essential environmental needs are evident for each person.The nurse can correctly identify these needs as
A) diversion and recreation.
B) emotional and spiritual support.
C) body alignment and activity.
D) oxygen and safety.
Q2) A nursing instructor is working with a Native-American student nurse.When the student is late for the first clinical day,the instructor states,"I'm not surprised she's late; Native-American students are always late." The instructor's statement is an example of A) prejudice.
B) stereotyping.
C) ethnocentrism.
D) discrimination.
Q3) A behavior to avoid when interacting with a person of a different culture is A) diversity.
B) acculturation.
C) stereotyping.
D) behavior based on unbiased attitudes.
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Q1) To provide effective spiritual care for a Muslim patient,the nurse recognizes that those who believe in Islam refer to God as
A) Brahma.
B) Moroni.
C) Redeemer.
D) Allah.
Q2) A religion that was formed in 1957 by merger of Congregational and Evangelical and Reformed Churches is
A) Mormonism.
B) Presbyterianism.
C) Seventh-Day Adventist.
D) United Church of Christ.
Q3) When Martin Luther separated from the Catholic Church because of scandals in the church,which religion was formed?
A) Mormonism
B) Lutheranism
C) Scientology
D) Jehovah's Witness
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Q1) At a patient care planning conference,the nurse hears the remark,"We need to report this event to our official public health agency." The nurse interprets this as meaning the speaker will contact the
A) American Cancer Society.
B) Visiting Nurse Association.
C) National Easter Seal Society.
D) local health department.
Q2) Which agencies are considered part of the U.S.Public Health Service?
A) National Institutes of Health
B) Food and Drug Administration
C) Veterans Administration
D) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
E) American Cancer Society
F) Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration
Q3) A nurse is asked,"What does it mean if a health care agency is described as 'proprietary'?" The nurse should respond
A) "It operates by government mandate."
B) "It is funded by local tax money and government subsidies."
C) "It operates for profit."
D) "It utilizes a large number of volunteers."
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Q1) A 70-year-old patient tells the nurse,"I can't go to the hospital for treatment,because I have no hospital insurance.My Social Security and my pension pay my living expenses,but I don't have any savings." The nurse's response should be focused on
A) providing information about Medicare.
B) explaining the provisions of Medicaid.
C) exploring the patient's ability to purchase group health insurance.
D) investigating which hospitals provide free care for indigent patients.
Q2) Which LPN/LVN will be most successful in dealing with change?
A) Nurse S, who always assumes that the worst will happen in any situation
B) Nurse T, who agrees with whatever the administration proposes
C) Nurse U, who sees change as an opportunity to improve conditions
D) Nurse V, who predicts that the change will probably not work
Q3) The amount an insured person must pay at the time of an office visit,when picking up a prescription,or before a hospital service is known as the A) premium.
B) deductible.
C) copayment.
D) coinsurance.
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Q1) Evaluate the following documentation found in the medical record of a resident.It was provided by an LPN/LVN charge nurse relative to an incident that occurred while resident care was being provided by a nursing assistant. July 1,2009,8:10 AM
While administering meds on Wing 1,I heard someone sobbing in the shower room on that wing.On entering the shower stall,I found Mrs.Garrity crying and shivering.She was sitting naked on the shower chair and was alone in the room.She stated that Becky,her nursing assistant,told her she had to leave for a phone call.I covered Mrs.Garrity with a bath blanket that was on the shelf in the bathroom.At that point Becky returned and confirmed that she had received a phone call.I think the in-service director needs to review the procedure for showering a resident with Becky and the policy about personal phone calls.Becky and I discussed the discomfort caused to Mrs.Garrity by her actions.She listened to my comments without defensiveness. The documentation should be evaluated as
A) complete and appropriate.
B) appropriate but incomplete.
C) meeting agency and regulatory standards.
D) not meeting criteria for good documentation.
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Q1) When the LPN/LVN charge nurse makes rounds with the physician,which information should be called to the physician's attention?
A) The resident demonstrates a weight increase or decrease of 1 lb.
B) The resident demonstrates a temperature elevation over 99° F.
C) The resident demonstrates a reduced level of consciousness.
D) The resident demonstrates a blood pressure over 120/80.
Q2) The new nursing assistant arrived 1 hour late for duty on the second day of employment,giving the excuse of car trouble.The LPN/LVN charge nurse should
A) note the incident of tardiness in the charge nurse's personal file.
B) send a letter of reprimand to the nursing assistant.
C) give an oral reprimand to the nursing assistant.
D) arrange to terminate the nursing assistant before a pattern develops.
Q3) Which duty would exceed the LPN/LVN scope of practice if included in the job description for an LPN/LVN charge nurse?
A) Assigning patient care
B) Independently developing written treatment protocols
C) Assisting physicians in diagnostic and therapeutic measures
D) Maintaining a safe and hazard-free environment
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Q1) The LPN/LVN interviewee determines from personal appearance that the interviewer is from a different cultural background.What action should the interviewee take to minimize the impact of cultural difference during the interview?
A) Answer questions in a straightforward manner.
B) Use the same gestures the interviewer uses.
C) Avert the eyes when responding to questions.
D) Be prepared to tolerate decreased personal space.
Q2) Which statement indicates that a nurse is knowledgeable about good résumé preparation?
A) "My résumé is comprised of nearly three and a half pages."
B) "It was difficult to write a good objective statement, but I finally managed."
C) "I used a bulleted style to call attention to my list of job skills."
D) "To make sure my résumé catches the eye, I used bright pink paper."
Q3) What advice should an LPN/LVN use to adequately follow up an employment interview?
A) Write a letter to the editor of the local newspaper praising the facility.
B) Offer a written critique of the interview sent to the interviewer.
C) Call the interviewer to inquire how the process is proceeding.
D) Write a thank you letter for granting the interview.
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Q1) The fundamental difference between holding licensure as an LPN/LVN and having a temporary permit is that a temporary permit
A) is surrendered after 2 years; a license is never surrendered.
B) requires close RN supervision; a license gives permission to practice without RN supervision.
C) certifies minimal competency in LPN/LVN skills; a license guarantees safe practice.
D) provides permission to work as a GP/VN; a license certifies minimal competence in LPN/LVN skills.
Q2) When an SP/VN asks for advice about how to "reduce anxiety before the NCLEX-PN examination," the LPN/LVN should respond,"An effective strategy for reducing test anxiety prior to the NCLEX-PN examination is to
A) maintain a confident, positive attitude about your abilities and the outcome."
B) drink 3 ounces of an alcoholic beverage 30 minutes before the test."
C) prepare yourself for the worst by picturing yourself having to reapply."
D) use scrap paper to keep track of the number of questions you think you answered correctly and incorrectly."
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Q1) The first college in the United States to have a distance-learning nursing program (online)is:
A) University of Phoenix
B) Minneapolis Community Technical College
C) Excelsior College
D) Lackawanna College
Q2) Nurse T has decided to seek certification in an area that will enhance employability in a nursing home.Which certifications would be of greatest value to the LPN/LVN working in a nursing home?
A) IV therapy
B) Wound care
C) Long-term care
D) Managed care
E) Pharmacology
F) Gerontology
Q3) The National League for Nursing (NLN)membership is open
A) only to registered nurses.
B) only to licensed practical nurses.
C) only to advanced practice nurses.
D) to anyone interested in nursing issues.
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