Practical Nursing Final Exam
Course Introduction
Practical Nursing is a comprehensive course designed to equip students with the foundational knowledge and hands-on skills necessary for entry-level careers in nursing. The curriculum covers essential topics such as basic human anatomy and physiology, patient care techniques, medical terminology, pharmacology, and health assessment. Students also develop critical thinking, communication, and ethical decision-making abilities crucial for safe and effective nursing practice. Through a combination of classroom instruction, laboratory practice, and supervised clinical experiences, learners gain the competence to assist patients across the lifespan in various healthcare settings while working collaboratively within interdisciplinary teams.
Recommended Textbook
Calculate with Confidence 6th Edition by Morris
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590 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Roman Numerals
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Sample Questions
Q1) Perform the indicated operation and record the result in lowercase Roman numerals.
10 + 2 = _____
Answer: xii
Q2) Perform the indicated operation and record the result in lowercase Roman numerals.
12 \(\div\) 2 = _____
Answer: vi
Q3) Perform the indicated operation and record the result in lowercase Roman numerals.
13 + 7 = _____
Answer: xx
Q4) Write the following Arabic number as a lowercase Roman numeral.
21 = _____
Answer: xxi
Q5) Perform the indicated operation and record the result in lowercase Roman numerals.
30 - 6 = _____
Answer: xxiv
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Chapter 2: Fractions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A client received 2 1/2 ounces (oz)of medication at breakfast and 2 1/3 oz at lunch.How many oz of medication has the client received? _____ Answer: 4 5/6 oz
Q2) Reduce the following fraction to lowest terms. 54/81 = _____
Answer: 2/3
Q3) Perform the indicated operation with fractions.Reduce to lowest terms as indicated. 14 - 5/9 = _____
Answer: 13 4/9
Q4) Reduce the following fraction to lowest terms. 34/102 = _____
Answer: 1/3
Q5) Change the following improper fraction to a whole or mixed number. 193/62 = _____ Answer: 3 7/62
Q6) Perform the indicated operation and reduce to lowest terms. 4/5 * 5/16 = _____
Answer: 1/4
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Chapter 3: Decimals
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Sample Questions
Q1) Round off the following decimal to the nearest thousandth. 0.6253 = _____
Answer: 0.625
Q2) The health care provider has ordered a 2,200 calorie (cal)diet for a client.If the calories are spread evenly among three meals,how many calories will the client be allowed to have at each meal? (Round answer to the nearest whole calorie. )______
Answer: 733 cal
Q3) A client weighed 75.4 kilograms (kg)in February.In March the client gained 1.6 kg.In April the client gained 2.2 kg.How much did the client weigh in April? ______ Answer: 79.2 kg
Q4) The health care provider ordered 1.5 tablets of a medication to be given to a client four times a day for 21 days.How many tablets were prescribed? ______ Answer: 126 tablets
Q5) Round off the following decimal to the nearest tenth. 1.45 = _____
Answer: 1.5
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Chapter 4: Ratio and Proportion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Two tabs contain a total of 50 mg of a medication.How many mg of medication are present in 15 tabs ? _______
Q2) Solve for x.
2: 9 = x: 27 x = _____
Q3) A client must take four tabs per day for 14 days.How many tablets should the pharmacy supply to fill this order? ______
Q4) If 100 grams (g)of ice cream contains 20 g of fat,how many g of fat are there in 300 g of ice-cream? ______
Q5) If 5oz of a solution contains 4 1/2 oz of water,how many oz of water are in 20 oz of solution? _______
Q6) If 1 ounce (oz)is equal to 30 mL,how many mL are there in 4 3/4 oz? (State answer as a decimal number. )______
Q7) Solve for x.
16 = x
40 55 x = _____
Q8) Express the following dosage as a ratio. An injectable solution contains 500 mg in each 0.7 mL: _____
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Chapter 5: Percentages
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Sample Questions
Q1) A client has a 2,500 mL bag of irrigation solution hanging.750 mL of the solution have infused.What percent of the irrigation solution has infused?
Q2) A client was able to drink 85% of a 1,000 milliliter (mL)bottle of an x-ray prep.How many mL did the client drink?
Q3) A client consumed 30% of a bowl of broth.The bowl held 360 mL.How many mL of the broth did the client consume?
Q4) A client who weighed 210 pounds (lb)lost 30 lb.What was the percent of decrease in the client's weight? (State answer to the nearest whole percent. )
Q5) Change the following percentage to a ratio. 0.4% = _____
Q6) Convert 84.75% to decimal form.
Q7) Change the following percentage to a ratio and its decimal equivalent. 8% = _____;_____
Q8) Change the following percentage to a ratio and its decimal equivalent. 45% = _____;_____
Q9) Convert 0.925 to a percent.
Q10) Find the following percentage. 16% of 79 = _____
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Chapter 6: Metric System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated.
3,120 mcg = _____ mg
Q2) Six-tenths of a liter
A)0.6 L
B)6/10 L
C)0.60 L
D)0.60 l
Q3) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated.
8.3 L = _____ mL
Q4) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated.
21 L = _________ mL
Q5) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated.
54.6 g = _____ kg
Q6) Directions: Apply the guidelines relating to the use of leading and trailing zeros and express the following metric notations correctly.
Q7) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated.
7.45 mL = _____ L
Q8) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated. 20 mg = ________ g
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Chapter 7: Apothecary and Household Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated. 50 mL = _____ qt
Q2) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated. 43.75 mL = ________ tsp
Q3) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated. 195 mL = ________ oz
Q4) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated. 255 mL = _____ oz
Q5) The drop is a standardized unit of measure.
A)True B)False
Q6) A capital "U" is an acceptable abbreviation for units.
A)True B)False
Q7) Directions: Express the following value correctly. 17 U
Q8) Directions: Express the following value correctly.
5.5 Tsp
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Chapter 8: Converting Within and Between Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated.
2 oz = _____ tbs
Q2) A client's intake was the following:
1/8 qt of milk
1 1/4 cup of coffee (1 cup = 6 oz)
3 oz water
2 oz of chicken broth
a.Intake: ________ mL
b.Intake: ________ L
Q3) A client drinks 4 3/4 cups (cup = 8 oz)of a liquid.How many mL did the client drink? ______ mL
Q4) A client's intake was the following:
3/4 cup of coffee (1 cup = 8 oz)
1 can of ginger ale (1 can = 12 oz)
1/2 glass of cranberry juice (1 glass = 6 oz)
How many mL will you record on the intake and output (I&O)sheet? _____ mL
Q5) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated. 125 mL = ________ tsp
Q6) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated.
28.3 kg = _____ lb
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Additional Conversions Useful in the Health Care Setting
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Convert the following time to international time. 2:35 AM _________________
Q2) Directions: Convert the following time to international time. 10:19 PM _________________
Q3) Directions: Convert the following weight as indicated.Round weight to the nearest tenth.
18 lb,12 oz = _____ kg
Q4) Directions: Write the equivalent indicated. 1 kg = _____ lb
Q5) Directions: Convert the following weight as indicated.Round weight to the nearest tenth.
63 kg = _____ lb
Q6) A client is to take a medication every 6 hours.The first dose is 6:30 AM.What time will the client take the next two doses?
a.Traditional time _________________
b.International time ________________
Q7) A client's rash measures 5 cm * 4 cm.How much does this measure in inches? _____ in
Q8) Directions: Convert as indicated. 34 mm = _____ cm Page 11
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Chapter 10: Medication Administration
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Complete the following sentence with the correct word or number. The use of posters and brochures to encourage clients to use strategies to avoid medication errors is called the _____________ .
Q2) Directions: For the following scenario,identify which of the "six rights" of medication administration has been violated.
Medication ________________ avoids errors and assists in obtaining accurate medication histories of a client at transition points (admission,transfer,discharge).
Q3) The "six rights" of medication administration are:
A)medication,dosage,route,time,client,documentation.
B)medication,solution,doctor,shift,time,documentation.
C)medication,order,signature,time,route,documentation.
D)medication,client,signature,time,hospital,documentation
Q4) Directions: For the following scenario,identify which of the "six rights" of medication administration has been violated.
A nurse charts medications that she administered at 10 AM on October 1st for 10 AM on October 2nd: _______________.
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Chapter 11: Understanding and Interpreting Medication
Orders
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Sample Questions
Q1) To indicate a medication is to be administered every day,the recommended abbreviation is qd.
A)True B)False
Q2) Directions: For the following medication order indicate what component of the order is missing.
Solu-Medrol 50 mg.
Q3) Directions: Correct the following medication order using the ISMP list of Error-Prone Abbreviations,Symbols,and Dose Designations.
Robitussin 15 cc po q6h prn
Q4) The nurse is responsible for determining the times for a medication ordered t.i.d.at an institution.
A)True B)False
Q5) Directions: Correct the following medication order using the ISMP list of Error-Prone Abbreviations,Symbols,and Dose Designations.
Doxycycline 100 mg po bid pc
Q6) CPOE is an abbreviation for _______________.
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Chapter 12: Medication Administration Records and Medication
Distribution
Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) A medicine ordered q6h would be given how many times a day? _____
A)4
B)6
C)8
D)12
Q2) What would be the appropriate interpretation for the following order? Demerol 50 mg IM stat? Administer:_______________
A)Demerol 50 mg IM when needed
B)Demerol 50 mg IM as desired
C)Demerol 50 mg IM on call to OR
D)Demerol 50 mg IM immediately
Q3) Directions: Refer to the portion of the MAR provided below to answer the question.
Q4) A client has a gastrostomy tube (GT)in place.The health care provider ordered the medication p.o.What action would be appropriate for the nurse to take?
A)Dilute the p.o.medication with water and administer by GT.
B)Administer the medication p.o.as ordered.
C)Clarify the order with the health care provider who wrote the order.
D)Clarify the order with the charge nurse.
Page 15
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Chapter 13: Reading Medication Labels
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a medication label reads "Ambien (zolpidem tartrate)5 mg tablets,Searle," the medication's generic name is:
A)Ambien.
B)Searle.
C)zolpidem tartrate.
D)tablets.
Q2) A medication label reads "Calan SR (verapamil hydrochloride)240 mg sustained release caplets." The form is: A)caplets.
B)sustained-release caplets.
C)240 mg.
D)verapamil hydrochloride.
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Chapter 14: Dosage Calculation Using the Ratio and Proportion Method
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the ratio and proportion method.Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Ampicillin 0.375 g IM q6h
Available: Ampicillin 250 mg per mL
Q2) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the ratio and proportion method.Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Clindamycin 0.6 g IV q12h
Available: Clindamycin 300 mg per 2 mL
Q3) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the ratio and proportion method.Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Thorazine 25 mg p.o.t.i.d.
Available: Thorazine syrup labeled 10 mg per 5 mL
Q4) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the ratio and proportion method.Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Raloxifene HCl 60 mg p.o. b.i.d.
Available: Raloxifene HCl tablets labeled 60 mg per tablet
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Chapter 15: Dosage Calculation Using the Formula Method
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the formula method.Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Compazine 8 mg p.o.stat
Available: Compazine syrup labeled 5 mg per 5 mL
Q2) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the formula method.Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Thorazine 25 mg p.o.t.i.d.
Available: Thorazine syrup labeled 10 mg per 5 mL
Q3) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the formula method.Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Raloxifene HCl 60 mg p.o. b.i.d.
Available: Raloxifene HCl tablets labeled 60 mg per tablet
Q4) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the formula method.Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Ampicillin 0.375 g IM q6h
Available: Ampicillin 250 mg per mL
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Chapter 16: Dosage Calculation Using the Dimensional Analysis Method
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the dimensional analysis method.Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated
Order: Thorazine 25 mg p.o.t.i.d.
Available: Thorazine syrup labeled 10 mg per 5 mL
Q2) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the dimensional analysis method.Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated
Order: Thorazine 15 mg IM stat
Available: Thorazine 25 mg per mL
Q3) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the dimensional analysis method.Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated
Order: Zofran 7 mg p.o. b.i.d.
Available: Zofran oral solution labeled 4 mg per 5 mL
Q4) Directions: Calculate the following dosage using the dimensional analysis method.Round mL answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated
Order: Calcijex 1.5 mcg IV daily on Mon. ,Wed. ,Fri.
Available: Calcijex 1 mcg per mL
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Chapter 17: Oral Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Complete with the correct word(s)or number. Sublingual tablets must never be _______________ but placed _______________ the tongue.
Q2) Directions: Calculate the following dosage.Use labels where provided.Round oral liquids to the nearest tenth as indicated.
Order: Ampicillin 1 g p.o.as an initial dosage and then 500 mg p.o.q.i.d.for 7 days thereafter
Available: Ampicillin capsules labeled 500 mg
a.How many capsules will you administer for the initial dosage? _____ cap(s)
b.What is the total number of capsules needed for the subsequent dosages for 7 days? _____ cap(s)
Q3) Directions: Calculate the following dosage.Use labels where provided.Round oral liquids to the nearest tenth as indicated.
Order: Diazepam 4 mg via nasogastric tube t.i.d.
Available: Diazepam oral solution 5 mg per 5 mL
a.How many milliliters should the client receive per dosage? _____ mL
b.How many milligrams will the client receive per day? _____ mg
Q4) Directions: Complete with the correct word(s)or number. The most common form of oral medication is the __________.
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Chapter 18: Parenteral Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Complete the following statements with the correct word(s)or number(s). The route that is used for diagnostic purposes is called _______________.
Q2) Directions: Calculate the dosages,use labels where provided,and shade in the dosages on the syringe where provided.Round answers to the nearest tenth unless otherwise indicated.
Order: Levothyroxine sodium 0.3 mg IV daily
Available: Levothyroxine sodium 200 mcg per 5 mL How many milliliters will you add to the IV? _____ mL
Q3) A 3-mL syringe is calibrated in which of the following increments?
A)0.01 mL
B)0.1 mL
C)0.2 mL
D)1 mL
Q4) Directions: Complete the following statements with the correct word(s)or number(s). The term used for injectable medications is _______________.
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Chapter 19: Reconstitution of Solutions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Prepare the following strength solutions.Describe your calculations. 800 mL of 3/4 strength Sustacal via gastrostomy over 6 hours
Q2) Directions: Indicate how you would prepare each of the following using full-strength hydrogen peroxide (solute)and normal saline (solvent).
8 oz of 1/2 strength for wound care.
Q3) Directions: Indicate how you would prepare each of the following using full-strength hydrogen peroxide (solute)and normal saline (solvent).
0.24 L of 1/3 strength for wound care
Q4) Directions: Indicate how you would prepare each of the following using full-strength hydrogen peroxide (solute)and normal saline (solvent).
300 mL of 3/4 strength for skeletal pin care
Q5) Directions: Prepare the following strength solutions.Describe your calculations. 360 mL of 1/4 strength Ensure percutaneous endoscopic (PEG)tube over 4 hours
Q6) Directions: Prepare the following strength solutions.Describe your calculations. 1/4 strength Ensure 8 oz p.o.q4h for 24 hours
Q7) Directions: Prepare the following strength solutions.Describe your calculations. Prepare irrigant 250 mL 1/2 strength solution: ______________________________
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Chapter 20: Insulin
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Fill in the correct number or word(s). What is the difference between the calibration of units on the 1-mL insulin syringe and on the Lo-Dose syringe? ______________________________
Q2) Directions: Fill in the correct number or word(s). U-100 on the label of an insulin vial means: ______________________________.
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Chapter 21: Intravenous Solutions and Equipment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Calculate the number of grams of NaCl and /or dextrose in the following solutions.
0.5 L D51/4NS ________ g dextrose ________ g NaCl
Q2) Directions: Calculate the number of grams of NaCl and /or dextrose in the following solutions.
500 mL 1/2 NS sodium chloride (NaCl): _____
Q3) Directions: Fill in the correct number or word(s)to answer the question. The name for the main infusion administration set is _______________.
Q4) Directions: Fill in the correct number or word(s)to answer the question. _______________ devices allow a client to self-administer pain medication.
Q5) Directions: Interpret the following IV orders. 1,000 mL (1 L)D5W to infuse at a rate of 100 mL per hour
Q6) Directions: Fill in the correct number or word(s)to answer the question. The IV line that can be used to administer medications and solutions and can be connected to a port on the main infusion is called _______________.
Q7) Directions: Calculate the number of grams of NaCl and /or dextrose in the following solutions.
250 mL D5NS _______ g dextrose ________ g NaCl
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Chapter 22: Intravenous Calculations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Determine the flow rate for the following IV being administered by infusion pump.
500 mL of Intralipid in 6 hours: _____
Q2) Directions: Determine the flow rate for the following IV being administered by infusion pump.
Ampicillin 1.5 g in 100 mL 0.9 % NS over 45 minutes: _____
Q3) Directions: Determine the following in drops per minute using the drop factor provided.
250 mL of packed cells in 4 hours
a.mL/hr _____
b.gtt/min (drop factor: 20 gtt/mL): _____
Q4) Directions: Recalculate the IV flow rate.Determine the percentage of change and state the course of action.Assume that hospital policy permits recalculation of rates when rates are off schedule and clients are stable.
Drop factor of 15 on the package of a continuous IV administration set indicates what?
Q5) Directions: Determine the flow rate for the following IV being administered by infusion pump.
Zosyn 2 g in 100 mL D5W over 40 minutes: _____
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Chapter 23: Heparin Calculations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Calculate the following hourly dosage of heparin (units/hr).
Order: 30,000 units of heparin in 500 mL D5W to infuse at 15 mL/hr units/hr = _____
Q2) Directions: Calculate the following hourly dosage of heparin (units/hr).
Order: 40 units/kg/hr heparin IV.The client weighs 116 lb. How many units should the client receive per hour? _____
Q3) Directions: Calculate the following hourly dosage of heparin (units/hr).
A client weighs 220 lb.The hospital protocol for IV heparin drip is 14 units/kg/hr.How many units per hour should the client receive? _____
Q4) Directions: Calculate the following hourly dosage of heparin (units/hr).
A client weighs 88 kg.Order: Bolus with heparin at 80 units/kg;initiate drip at 18 units/kg/hr.Heparin infusion 25,000 units in 500 mL 0.9 % sodium chloride.
a.Calculate the heparin bolus dosage: _____
b.Calculate the infusion rate for the IV dosage: _____
Q5) Directions: Calculate the following hourly dosage of heparin (units/hr).
Order: 50,000 units of heparin in 1 L D5 0.9% NS to infuse at 40 mL/hr units/hr = _____
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Chapter 24: Critical Care Calculations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Calculate the dosages as indicated. A client weighing 80 kg has an order for Intropin to infuse at 8 mcg/kg/min.The solution available is 800 mg Intropin in 500 mL D5W.
a.mcg/min: _____
b.mL/hr: _____
Q2) Directions: Calculate the dosages as indicated.
Esmolol is ordered for a client.The solution available is 2.5 g in 250 mL D5W.The order is to infuse 32 mL/hr.
a.mg/hr: _____
b.mg/min: _____
Q3) Directions: Calculate the dosages as indicated.
Order: Dobutamine 2.5 mcg/kg/min for a client who weighs 193 lb
Available: Dobutamine 250 mg in 250 mL D5W
a.What is the client's weight in kilograms? _____ (to the nearest tenth)
b.Calculate the rate in mL/hr required to infuse 2 mcg/kg/min: _____
Q4) Directions: Calculate the dosages as indicated.
A client is receiving procainamide 1 g in 500 mL D5W at 120 mL/hr.
a.mg/hr: _____
b.mg/min: _____
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Chapter 25: Pediatric and Adult Dosage Calculation Based on Weight
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directions: Round dosage and weight to the nearest tenth as indicated.Use labels where provided.
Gentamicin 45 mg IV q8h for a child weighing 45 lb.The recommended dosage is 6 to 7.5 mg/kg/day in three to four divided dosages.
a.What is the child's weight in kilograms? _____
b.What is the safe 24-hour dosage range for this child? _____
c.What is the divided dosage range? _____
d.Is the dosage ordered safe? (Prove mathematically. )_______________ Explain your action: ______________________________
Q2) Directions: Using the West nomogram or formula when indicated,calculate the following dosages.Express answer to the nearest tenth.
The recommended dosage of acyclovir is 250 mg/m<sup>2</sup>.What will be the dosage for a child with a BSA of 0.27 m<sup>2</sup>? _____
Q3) Directions: Use the appropriate formula to determine BSA.Express answer to the nearest hundredth.
An adult who is 67 inches tall and weighs 175 lb: _____ m<sup>2</sup>
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Page 28