Positive Guidance in Early Childhood Test Questions
Course Introduction
Positive Guidance in Early Childhood focuses on effective strategies and techniques for fostering appropriate behaviors and social skills in young children within early childhood settings. The course emphasizes the importance of building supportive adult-child relationships and creating developmentally appropriate environments that promote self-regulation, empathy, and problem-solving skills. Students will explore theories of child development, guidance approaches rooted in respect and encouragement, and practical methods for addressing challenging behaviors without the use of punitive measures. Through case studies, discussions, and practical applications, participants will learn to implement proactive guidance strategies that support children's emotional well-being and positive interactions.
Recommended Textbook
Positive Child Guidance 8th Edition by Darla Ferris Miller
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1052 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Why Guidance Matters
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a problem with reliance on external control?
A)It is hard to find a good reward.
B)It rarely motivates a child.
C)It does not help a child learn to behave just because it is the right thing to do.
D)It does not help children modify their behavior for each reward.
Answer: C
Q2) One short-term goal of child guidance is to guide children in learning how to protecttheir own individual human rights.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Mothers below the poverty level always rely on welfare to pay for child rearing.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Children begin life without any ______________________.
Answer: self-control
Q5) The effect of the environment on children, interestingly, is ____________. Answer: reciprocal
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Chapter 2: Historical Perspectives and Guidance Theories
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Sample Questions
Q1) A society in which people freely follow their own individual desires and interests is called a(n)
A)autocracy.
B)anarchy.
C)democracy.
D)all of these.
E)none of these.
Answer: B
Q2) Robert Carkhuff and George Gazda
A)refined Carl Rogers's theories about interpersonal interactions into practical, hands-ontechniques beneficial to therapists and educators.
B)discovered that early childhood learning takes place in stages that progress like buildingblocks, with each building on the previous level.
C)were best known for their theories of central nervous system development in primatesand early brain association in human infants.
D)all of these.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Understanding Childrens Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children rely more on their attachment to peers and less on their attachment to adults asthey grow older.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) To maximize a toddler's comprehension of important communication, it is important to
A)look directly into the child's eyes and always speak loudly to get the child's full attention.
B)choose key words and use facial expressions and body gestures that emphasize meaning.
C)use many elaborate words that stimulate and enrich the child's vocabulary.
D)use only holophrases because that is all the toddler can comprehend.
E)both look directly into the child's eyes and always speak loudly to get the child's full attention,as well as choose key words and use facial expressions and body gestures that emphasizemeaning.
Answer: B
Q3) Stimuli are perceptions taken in through the ____________________.
Answer: senses
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Page 5
Chapter 4: How to Observe Children
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Sample Questions
Q1) Child guidance is much more a(n) ____________________ than a science.
Q2) After the adult has responded to a behavior problem, the adult should ____________________ toevaluate how effective the chosen guidance technique has been in solving the problem.
Q3) To recognize and deal with personal bias in observation notes, one's opinions should be separatedfrom observable facts and labeled "subjective ____________________."
Q4) What is a running account?
Q5) Event sampling determines the number of times a specific behavior occurs within a set period.
A)True B)False
Q6) The purpose of ____________________ sampling is to determine the precise number of times aspecific behavior occurs within a set period, as well as the pattern of occurrence.
Q7) Researchers use carefully orchestrated strategies to collect ____________________ data that arenot slanted by their bias.
Q8) What are anecdotal records?
Q9) What are the different advantages of checklists and narrative accounts?
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Chapter 5: Serving Culturally Diverse Children and Families
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Sample Questions
Q1) Multicultural education should be approached as a subject area in the curriculum.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A child in a loving, supportive family within a strong, healthy community cannotbe affected by prejudice in the larger society or school.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A child's development is best understood within the cultural context of that child'sfamily and ____________________.
Q4) Ethnocentric people may shun outright prejudice, but their subtle discriminationslips through the cracks as they give evidence of being condescending toward other cultures.
A)True
B)False
Q5) As part of cultural learning, children pick up ____________________, gestures,facial expressions, and postures that people use to communicate along with or instead of speech.
Q6) How can we encourage authentic learning?
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Understanding Children With Ability Differences
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children with ____________________ need developmentally appropriate learning environmentsas much as or more than typically developing children.
Q2) DAP provides skill development with age-appropriate, authentic, multisensory activities usingreal ____________________.
Q3) Many potentially disabling conditions can be better treated later in childhood or adolescence.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Children ____________________ what they don't understand.
Q5) Children with disabilities especially need developmentally appropriate practice because DAPprovides
A)a calm, peaceful, and orderlyenvironment.
B)clear, simple statements of desiredoutcomes.
C)positive, assertive guidance.
D)all of these.
Q6) Children with disabilities don't need developmentally appropriate practice.
A)True
B)False
Q7) What is an Individualized Education Program (IEP)?
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Chapter 7: Designing Developmentally Appropriate
Environments Inside and Out
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Sample Questions
Q1) Antisocial behavior is cultivated through A)lack of ethical restraint.
B)lackadaisical permissiveness.
C)enforcing reasonable limits.
D)firmness.
E)all of these.
Q2) Unconditional affection is communicated to a baby by his or her caregiver's words.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe some possible reasons why children tattle, or tell on, their friends.
Q4) The nurturing adult will closely monitor and limit children's viewing of ____________________to avoid overexposure to violent and irresponsible behaviors.
Q5) When preschoolers ____________________ entire sequences of behavior, we get to see them reenacttheir world as they perceive it.
Q6) Appropriate affection should never be intrusive, overwhelming, or one-sided but rather respectfuland reciprocal.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 8: Building Relationships Through Positive Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) How does attentive listening nurture a sense of belonging?
Q2) Positive guidance should bring about positive feelings of confidence and responsibility, not negative feelings of ____________________.
Q3) Children, and adults as well, will close off communication that is incomprehensible, ____________________, vague, or rude, just as they would tune out a radio with unpleasant static.
Q4) At what age have children developed the entire panorama of human emotions?
A)Six months
B)Nine months
C)Three years
D)Four years
E)None of these
Q5) Name the three typical needs underlying requests for help.
Q6) Effective, assertive guidance requires that adults provide as much ____________________ as possible but also as much flexibility as needed to make discipline humane and reasonable.
Q7) To function well in a(n) ____________________ political system, children must become competent communicators.
Q8) When should adults express their feelings to children? Page 10
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Chapter 9: Fundamental Causes of Positive and Negative Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Younger school-aged children are not mature enough to develop self-control, learn how to get along with others, or follow any of the accepted rules of their family and community.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Shocked reactions from adults and laughter from other children will keep children from using inappropriate bathroom language in public.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What are some typical characteristics of challenging children?
Q4) ____________________ is one of the most predictable causes of misbehavior because the children are not occupied and engaged in an activity.
Q5) It is ____________________ to expect a toddler to sit quietly and politely for an hour while the family waits to see the pediatrician.
Q6) To increase children's positive behavior, adults should anticipate and remove potential causes of inappropriate behavior.
A)True
B)False
Page 12
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Chapter 10: Effective Guidance Interventions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Undivided attention
A)Unwavering commitment to work through a problem until an appropriate conclusion is reached
B)Helping the child to replace an inappropriate behavior with a more appropriate behavior that cannot be done simultaneously
C)Attending to a child with single-minded focus on the child at that moment; usually at the child's eye level, in close proximity, and with eye contact
D)The giving of warmth and friendliness without qualifications
E)Activity in which children pretend or "act out" interactions
Q2) Children should be treated with the same respect we expect from them.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When a child between the ages of three and six misuses an object, you should
A)show the child the proper use of the object.
B)take the object away without discussion because the child doesn't know how to use it.
C)make the child sit quietly in the corner because the child should know better.
D)none of these
Q4) How does adult optimism impact children's behavior?
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Page 13
Chapter 11: Mistaken Goals, Motivation, and Mindfulness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Although most children do things to make themselves feel better from time to time, the withdrawn child may rely excessively on cyclical self-stimulation to cope.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A child who feels that he or she has received a great deal of hurt and unfair treatment in life will not easily place ____________________ in adults.
Q3) Coping techniques for adults include
A)not taking crying personally.
B)taking deep breaths.
C)seeking expertise from books.
D)exercising, praying, and meditating.
E)all of these.
Q4) Maslow proposed that basic needs are arranged in a hierarchy of successive levels of need.
A)True B)False
Q5) ____________________ created a pyramid showing levels of psychological and physical needs to explain his theory of human motivation.
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