Politics of Developing Nations
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Course Introduction
This course explores the political dynamics of developing nations, focusing on the unique historical, economic, and social factors shaping their governance and policy processes. It examines themes such as state formation, colonial legacies, democratization, political institutions, economic development, social movements, and international influences. Students will analyze case studies from Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East to understand both the challenges and opportunities these nations face in pursuing political stability, economic growth, and social justice within a rapidly globalizing world.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Comparative Politics 6th Edition by Mark Kesselman\
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introducing Comparative Politics
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Q1) All of the following have been proposed as necessary conditions for democracy to succeed EXCEPT
A) parliamentary system government.
B) secure national boundaries.
C) widespread acceptance of democratic values.
D) minimal level of economic development.
E) All of the above are necessary for democracy.
Answer: A
Q2) According to your text, globalization includes all of the following EXCEPT
A) increased speed and magnitude of cross-border trade.
B) increased speed and magnitude of cross-border communications.
C) increased cultural diffusion.
D) increased migration of peoples.
E) the global spread of democracy.
Answer: E
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Chapter 2: Britain
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Q1) The Coalition Government's new framework for governance, called "Big Society," is committed to all of the following EXCEPT the
A) recall of Members of Parliament who violate the public trust.
B) public election of police commissioners.
C) ability of parents to start their own schools.
D) election of a mayor in London.
E) rejection of ideological positions in favor of broad appeals.
Answer: D
Q2) All of the following were elements of Margaret Thatcher's governing agenda EXCEPT A) cutting taxes.
B) working cooperatively with trade unions to enhance British competitiveness.
C) using government policy to increase efficiency in the private sector.
D) reducing social service expenditures where possible.
E) traditional cultural values.
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: France
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Q1) The Enlightenment was
A) the philosophical movement that emphasized the importance of scientific reasoning over religious belief or folk wisdom.
B) the spread of electricity to the majority of the citizens of France.
C) Martin Luther's attempt to reform the Catholic Church that led to the Protestant Reformation.
D) the joining of the Catholic and Huguenot churches.
E) a vision of Pope Pious XII that led him to grant Charlemagne control of what was then known as the Holy Roman Empire.
Answer: A
Q2) Why are the grand corps so powerful?
A) The Constitution delegates them important policy-making powers.
B) They can veto the government's policy proposals.
C) They control the nominating process for the president.
D) They fill top executive positions in the private sector and often go on to elected positions in the National Assembly and even the presidency.
E) They control funding to all French universities.
Answer: D
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5
Chapter 4: Germany
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Q1) Although the Bundestag and Bundesrat are broadly representative of all interests in Germany, ______________ and ____________ are overrepresented.
A) business; labor
B) retirees; ecological interests
C) pro-European; business
D) anti-immigrant groups; rural interests
E) urban interests, labor
Q2) Germany is about the size of
A) California.
B) Texas.
C) Maine.
D) Minnesota.
E) Montana.
Q3) The official name of the former East German communist regime (1949-1990) was A) East Germany.
B) The Federal Republic of Germany.
C) The German Democratic Republic.
D) The Socialist Republic of Germany.
E) The East German Democratic Republic.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Japan
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Q1) Which of the following statements about Japan's historical economic performance is TRUE?
A) Japan's economy had grown steadily from the late 1860s through the Great Depression.
B) Although hurt by the Great Depression, Japan recovered quickly and by 1941 was one of the world's fastest growing economies.
C) Previous to the occupation following World War II, the Japanese domestic market was rather small.
D) The post-World War II occupation brought about reforms that led to the substantial reduction of the concentration of economic power in the country and the expansion of the domestic market.
E) All of the above statements are true.
Q2) Since 1994, members to the House of Representatives are elected using
A) a single non-transferable vote system.
B) a mixed member proportional system.
C) a party list proportional representation system.
D) a single-member district system.
E) a personalized single-district proportional representation system.
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Chapter 6: India
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Q1) During his tenure, Jawaharlal Nehru
A) promoted rapid industrialization.
B) promoted a foreign policy of nonalignment.
C) promised, but generally failed, to redistribute wealth through land reform.
D) reluctantly agreed to the creation of linguistically defined states.
E) All of the above statements are true.
Q2) What is interesting about India from comparative politics standpoint?
A) Despite widespread poverty, it has remained a stable democracy.
B) It offers instructive lessons about multiethnic democracy.
C) It provides an example of how democracy affects economic growth.
D) It provides an example of democracy and social equity.
E) All of the above statements are true.
Q3) The nonaligned bloc, of which India was a founding member, refers to countries that
A) refused to ally with either superpower during the Cold War.
B) refused to ally themselves with their former colonial masters.
C) accepts the separation of church and state.
D) has refused to actively support America's War on Terror.
E) seeks to remain isolated from the global economic system.
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Chapter 7: The United States
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Q1) Which of the following is TRUE?
A) Running a deficit-bringing in less than is spent-can be beneficial in the short run as it allows the government to borrow money to help stimulate the economy.
B) Running a deficit-bringing in less than is spent-absorbs money that could be spent in the private sector and thus slows economic growth in the long run.
C) The size of the national debt is one challenge to the continued value of the dollar as an international reserve currency.
D) In 2011, the government will spend about $250 billion in interest on a national debt that is about $14 trillion.
E) All of the above statements are true.
Q2) All of the following are TRUE of the territory of the United States EXCEPT
A) it has low population densities.
B) it is rich in natural resources.
C) it is larger than any other country.
D) it faces little challenges to its boundaries.
E) it has two neighbors, neither of which is a military threat.
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Chapter 8: Russia
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Q1) Which of the following has played the least important role in Russian elections?
A) Educational levels of voters
B) Attitudes towards economic policy
C) Religious attitudes
D) Voter concerns about national identity
E) All of the above have played equally important roles in Russian elections.
Q2) Asymmetrical federalism refers to
A) a situation that developed in the 1990s in Russia where some subnational governments had greater or lesser power than others.
B) the constitutional provision that allows the central government to replace governing institutions of subnational governments.
C) the principle that federal law takes precedence over regional law in Russia.
D) the constitutional provision that allows the federal legislature to overturn regional laws.
E) the idea that political power in Russia rests at the subnational level.
Q3) How have Russian leaders adapted their country's policies to their country's loss of superpower status? What have been the main policy directions Russia has taken to forge a new international role for itself?
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Chapter 9: Brazil
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Q1) Which of the following is TRUE of Brazil?
A) It is larger than the continental United States.
B) Its population is concentrated in the southern and southeastern regions.
C) It is rich in natural resources, including oil, and arable land.
D) It occupies about two-thirds of South America.
E) All of the above statements are true.
Q2) Which of the following types of civil society groups is NOT seen in Brazil?
A) Organizations promoting women's rights
B) Organizations promoting the rights of indigenous peoples
C) Organizations dedicated to addressing racial discrimination
D) Professional associations
E) Nongovernmental organizations
Q3) All of the following are true about the structures of Brazilian government EXCEPT
A) power is centralized in the executive.
B) the federal government is decentralized to the states.
C) the separation of powers remains ill defined.
D) there are no checks and balances such as in the United States.
E) the Catholic Church is explicitly included in the policy-making process.
Q4) Discuss how the Brazilian state is a mixture of professionalism and clientelism.
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Chapter 10: Mexico
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Q1) Import substitution industrialization had which of the following effects?
A) It achieved rapid economic growth.
B) Industries that received government subsidies had less incentive to produce efficiently.
C) Particular groups-such as business elites and labor leaders-gained substantial access to the government because of their importance in this scheme of development.
D) Large, commercially-oriented farmers emerged to dominate the agricultural economy.
E) All of the above were effects of import substitution industrialization.
Q2) During the period of PRI dominance, the party's presidential candidate was selected
A) through a primary election process.
B) through consultation with the important organizations that represented different segments of Mexican society.
C) through a caucus of party leaders.
D) by a majority of state governors.
E) through a decision made by the outgoing president.
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Chapter 11: South Africa
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Q1) The New National Party
A) continues to be an active political party, competing chiefly with the Democratic Party/Democratic Alliance for the support of white voters.
B) continues to be an active political party having successfully achieved major inroads in gaining the support of Coloured voters.
C) dissolved in 2006.
D) dissolved shortly before the 2009 elections.
E) continues to be an active political party only at the provincial level.
Q2) In what ways is the South African political system similar to both the British and American systems? Use specific examples from the text in your answer.
Q3) Which of the following statements about the South African population is TRUE?
A) Roughly speaking, the number of Africans is equal to the combined populations of Whites, Coloureds, and Indians.
B) Whites are the smallest racial group.
C) There are roughly as many Coloureds as there are Indians.
D) There are roughly as many Indians as there are Whites.
E) Africans are the largest racial group.
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Chapter 12: Nigeria
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Q1) Nigeria's four republics (periods of civilian rule) have seen different types of party systems. How did the parties of the First and Second Republics differ from those of the Third and Fourth? What do you see as different about the parties of the Fourth Republic, and what are their strengths and weaknesses compared to their predecessors? What bearing does this assessment have upon the democratization process in Nigeria?
Q2) A recent survey has indicated that most Nigerians
A) prefer democratic rule over other alternatives.
B) have concerns about the pace of democratization.
C) have begun to question the merits of democratic rule.
D) prefer democratic rule over other alternatives but are concerned about both the slow pace of reform and corruption.
E) believe that it is necessary to divide the country into separate nations along ethnic lines.
Q3) Arguably, President Obasanjo's greatest economic achievement was
A) improving the average GDP of Nigeria.
B) paying off much of the country's massive foreign debt.
C) implementing a government-funded universal primary education system.
D) privatizing the oil industry.
E) curbing the country's rampant corruption.
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Chapter 13: Iran
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Q1) Shi'ism is the majority religion in A) Iran.
B) Iraq.
C) Azerbaijan.
D) Eastern Turkey.
E) Shi'ism is the majority religion in all of the above countries.
Q2) Which of the following is TRUE of Iran's economy in the pre-Islamic Revolutionary period?
A) It was an important member of OPEC.
B) It was a major purchaser of arms, especially from the United States.
C) It imported many products from the West that sometimes had a detrimental effect on domestic production.
D) The country became dependent on oil as a commodity that was subject to volatile market prices.
E) All of the above are true of Iran's economy in the pre-Islamic Revolutionary period.
Q3) Discuss any three challenges facing Iran today. Is the current structure of the regime well suited to address these challenges?
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Chapter 14: China
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Q1) All of the following are TRUE of China's judicial system EXCEPT
A) citizen mediation committees often settle civil matters out of court.
B) the conviction rate for cases brought to trial is quite high.
C) judicial appointments are controlled by the Chinese Communist Party.
D) party members are often treated differently than non-party members.
E) legal reform has been undertaken because leaders recognize that a modern economy depends upon a predictable legal process.
Q2) Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A) China is slightly smaller than the United States.
B) China is rich in natural resources.
C) China has a diverse climate.
D) China is the third largest country in the world.
E) China's topography is diverse; some areas are mountainous and arid, while others are flatter and wetter.
Q3) What is meant when China is called a Market-Leninism system?
A) The top officials are corrupt and subject to be bought by the highest bidder.
B) It is a system of increasing economic openness with one-party rule.
C) Its market only allows communist nations to trade.
D) Its system combines a command economy with Leninist-style political reforms.
E) It is a system that combines capitalist ideas with egalitarian ones.
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