Politics of Developing Nations Practice
Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the political dynamics, institutions, and challenges faced by developing nations in regions such as Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. Students will examine issues including colonial legacy, state-building, governance, political economy, democratization, conflict, and the impact of globalization. Through case studies and comparative approaches, the course analyzes how historical, social, and economic factors shape political outcomes and influence development trajectories in the Global South. The course aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the complexities underlying politics in developing countries and to encourage critical thinking about policy solutions and international engagement.
Recommended Textbook Essentials of Comparative Politics Fifth Edition by Patrick H. ONeil
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which of the following ways does quantitative research differ from qualitative research?
A)Its variables tend to be less rigorously defined.
B)It is more likely to be reduced in utility by multicausality.
C)It is more likely to use inductive reasoning.
D)It favors a wider use of cases not restricted by area specialization.
E)It is more likely to have a specific geographic focus.
Answer: D
Q2) A true comparative approach to politics only emerges with the work of:
A)Machiavelli.
B)Hobbes.
C)Rousseau.
D)Montesquieu.
E)Marx.
Answer: A
Q3) How strongly is democracy institutionalized in your country? Has its level of institutionalization changed over time, and how difficult would it be to de-institutionalize democracy? What formal structures support its institutionalization?
Answer: Answer :Answers will vary.
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Chapter 2: States
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Q1) Which of the following statements about the development and spread of the modern state is accurate?
A)Many states were able to use ethnicity as a nationalizing force even as people began to define themselves less through characteristics like religion or town of residence.
B)Most colonial states that threw off European power attempted to reject the state as the primary organizing model of government and society.
C)The rapid spread of states reduced the ability of individuals and groups to eliminate political rivals, leading to greater political violence.
D)The increased warfare resulting from the rise of modern states in Europe restricted technological innovation for centuries.
E)China's inability to forge a powerful state structure before Europe led to its marginalization in world affairs for over a thousand years.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Nations and Society
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Q1) Which of the following concepts is inherently political?
A)society
B)ethnicity
C)nation
D)custom
E)language
Answer: C
Q2) The specific concepts of ethnic identity and national identity have their origins in:
A)Europe toward the end of the eighteenth century.
B)North America before and during the War for Independence.
C)Europe during the Cold War.
D)the Middle East under colonial dominance.
E)North America during the early eighteenth century.
Answer: A
Q3) What are the most important political aspirations related to national identity? What major factors can contribute to the formation of a national identity?
Answer: Answer :Answers will vary.
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Chapter 4: Political Economy
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Q1) The ________ is in charge of regulating the supply of money in a country.
A)national trust
B)central bank
C)currency board
D)federal mint
E)gold standard
Q2) Mercantilism is best associated with which of the following policies?
A)free trade
B)tariff barriers
C)elimination of all private property
D)neocorporatism
E)national health care
Q3) What is the oldest of the political-economic systems, and what system first rose to challenge it?
A)liberalism, first challenged by communism
B)mercantilism, first challenged by liberalism
C)liberalism, first challenged by social democracy
D)liberalism, first challenged by mercantilism
E)social democracy, first challenged by liberalism
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Democratic Regimes
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Q1) Which of the following statements about semi-presidential systems is accurate?
A)The president typically makes foreign policy and relies on the prime minister to implement it by representing the country internationally.
B)Prominent semi-presidential systems typically place most of the power with the prime minister.
C)The prime minister is typically the initiator of policy.
D)Constitutional courts are often less powerful as a result of appointment by the president.
E)Semi-presidential systems have gone out of favor and have decreased in number during the last two decades.
Q2) Bicameral systems can be traced back to different representation for:
A)economic classes.
B)religious groups.
C)regional differences.
D)women and men.
E)urban and rural groups.
Q3) Should democracies rely more on initiatives or referenda to decide policy, or are forms of indirect democracy better? Why or why not?
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Chapter 6: Nondemocratic Regimes
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Q1) Which term refers to a military seizure of the government?
A)coup de grâce
B)coup d'état
C)regime disruption
D)military usurpation
E)armed politics
Q2) Which of the following statements about one-party rule is accurate?
A)It forces party membership on nearly all citizens.
B)It is often combined with a corporatist regime.
C)It typically prevents the development of extreme forms of rule like totalitarianism.
D)It is most often associated with theocracy.
E)Single-party influence is rarely able to penetrate very far down into society.
Q3) Bureaucratic authoritarianism often justifies military rule by asserting that:
A)only the military can restore public pride.
B)only the military can defend the country from invasion.
C)only technocratic leadership can rise above "irrational" politics.
D)civilians are inferior to the officer corps.
E)only the educated should be given the right to rule.
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Chapter 7: Political Violence
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Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true of differing explanations for political violence?
A)Most political scientists attempt to form a unified theory of political violence that incorporates different explanations equally.
B)The placing of blame is often a component of ideational factors in explaining political violence.
C)Most scholars now agree that individual factors are the root of political violence.
D)Ideational factors are most important for providing a context in which particular preconditions, problems, and conflicts may emerge.
E)Ideational and institutional factors are more useful in explaining terrorist violence than revolutionary violence.
Q2) In which of the following ways do institutional explanations of political violence differ from ideational explanations?
A)They tend to be less deterministic.
B)They tend to lack an organizational base.
C)They tend to be more particularistic.
D)They tend to be more interested in the content of ideas.
E)They tend to be less well supported by research.
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Chapter 8: Developed Democracies
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Q1) The two processes currently bringing the most profound change to the developed democracies are:
A)devolution and integration.
B)fragmentation and devolution.
C)autonomy and postrationalism.
D)integration and autonomy.
E)capacity and authority.
Q2) A small province in a large European country feels that its ethnic and cultural heritage differs substantially from that of the country to which it belongs.The executive petitions the central government to allow the province to gain control over the design and writing of textbooks that are administered in its schools, a power formally held by the central ministry of education.The request is granted.This process would be categorized as:
A)centralization.
B)rationalization.
C)integration.
D)devolution.
E)imperialism.
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Chapter 9: Communism and Postcommunism
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Q1) Which of the following statements about the privatization and marketization of countries transitioning from communism is accurate?
A)Those advocating shock therapy wanted to minimize the short-term social disruptions of marketization.
B)Inflation and hyperinflation were fears of those that advocated a gradual approach to marketization.
C)Many companies were uncompetitive in the international system, but large industrial firms seemed to be best at surviving privatization.
D)Postcommunist countries almost universally sought to privatize by distributing firms' shares to the public as a whole.
E)Most postcommunist countries agreed that privatization should occur and be allowed to complete its course before marketization was attempted.
Q2) How were gender relations, ethnic identities, and civil society handled under communist regimes? Were ethnic identities reduced or sharpened, and why?
Q3) Why was communism able to spread across such a large part of the globe? What explains its attraction?
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Chapter 10: Developing Countries
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Q1) Which of the following might be a Washington Consensus policy recommendation to a less developed country that would be opposed by a supporter of import substitution policy?
A)creating state-owned businesses
B)investing heavily in domestic agriculture
C)raising tariffs to reduce foreign imports
D)reducing state power
E)promoting private domestic industry
Q2) Inequality under imperialism was exacerbated by:
A)imperial obsessions with forefronting racial differences.
B)imperial obsessions with religious differences and conversion.
C)imperial obsessions with mass literacy.
D)imperial interest in suppressing nationalist sentiment.
E)the loss of native culture.
Q3) Why have less-developed countries had such difficulty in building effective states? What particular roles do ethnic and national identities contribute to this difficulty?
Q4) Describe the motivating factors that began the process of European imperialism in the 1500s.Why were European states so proficient at expanding colonial structures in the less-developed world?
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Chapter 11: Globalization and the Future of Comparative
Politics
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Q1) The experiences of the WTO in 1999 and 2008 suggest which of the following?
A)an increase in antiglobalization activism
B)the rapid weakening of state sovereignty
C)the increased power of the Internet to influence financial markets
D)the power of MNCs to derail trade liberalization talks
E)the increased power of NGOs to promote global human rights
Q2) Greenpeace is a good example of:
A)a multinational corporation.
B)a nongovernmental organization.
C)an intergovernmental organization.
D)an international regime.
E)a global civic state.
Q3) In the process of historical globalization, the late nineteenth century saw the rise of the first:
A)modern state structures.
B)NGOs and IGOs.
C)international bodies to manage trade agreements.
D)international terrorist organizations.
E)multinational corporations.
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