Politics of Developing Nations
Final Exam
Course Introduction
This course examines the political dynamics, structures, and challenges facing nations in the developing world. Topics include colonial legacies, state-building, democratization, economic development, social movements, and the impact of globalization. Through comparative analysis, students explore the unique political institutions, patterns of governance, and socio-economic factors that shape policy and everyday life across Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. The course also addresses issues such as corruption, ethnicity, foreign aid, and the role of international organizations, providing a comprehensive understanding of the complexities and opportunities encountered by developing countries.
Recommended Textbook
Cases in Comparative Politics Sixth Edition by Patrick H. ONeil
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14 Chapters
420 Verified Questions
420 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Q1) Edward regularly votes for politicians who promise to do more to alleviate the crushing income inequality in his country.Even though he has enough material wealth to be comfortable,he sees many of his fellow citizens suffering under low wages.He would like his government to step in and regulate the amount of wealth each person has in order to force equality of both income and wealth so that everyone becomes equal.Because this is not a popular view,he understands that the government would have to cease to be democratic in order to enforce this,but he would be willing to sacrifice that to achieve equality.His ideology could be categorized as A) fascism.
B) communism.
C) liberalism.
D) anarchism.
Answer: B
Q2) Amnesty International and the International Red Cross are examples of A) intergovernmental organizations.
B) nongovernmental organizations.
C) institutions of global governance.
D) world trade organizations.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: United Kingdom
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Q1) In 1998,violence in Northern Ireland was largely ended by
A) a military intervention by the Irish Republic.
B) the Catholic victory in the civil war.
C) the Good Friday Agreement.
D) the Protestant victory in the civil war.
Answer: C
Q2) What does it mean for the United Kingdom's political regime to be majoritarian? What about the structural relationship among the legislature,judiciary,and executive encourages majoritarianism,and what effect has it had on electoral politics in the United Kingdom?
Answer: A good answer will specify that a majoritarian regime grants significant political power to the party controlling the majority of seats in the legislature.In the United Kingdom,because of no written constitution,a mostly ceremonial upper house of Parliament,and no local authorities,the majority party that forms a government is virtually unchecked.
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4
Chapter 3: United States
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Sample Questions
Q1) What branch of the government did the framers of the Constitution intend to be the dominant one?
A) executive
B) judiciary
C) legislature
D) none; separation of powers were intended to make them equal
Answer: C
Q2) The Bush Doctrine refers to the
A) rollback of the welfare state.
B) policy that the United States should avoid nation building abroad.
C) United States taking a more economically nationalist position on global trade.
D) willingness to use preemptive force against terrorist threats.
Answer: D
Q3) Separation of powers refers to the
A) division of power to prevent any branch from dominating the state.
B) basic individual freedoms laid out in the Bill of Rights.
C) delegation of powers to states in the Tenth Amendment.
D) separation between church and state.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: France
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Q1) Which of the following statements about the French governmental bureaucracy is accurate?
A) Links between the bureaucracy and elected office are strong and considered normal.
B) The French people hold a very low opinion of the efficacy of the bureaucracy.
C) There are relatively low educational barriers to entry for the bureaucracy.
D) The bureaucracy is one of the few French institutions with high minority representation.
Q2) France's National Assembly is elected through
A) single-member district plurality (one round of voting).
B) single-member district majority (two rounds of voting).
C) proportional representation.
D) mixed single-member district majority and proportional representation.
Q3) What event immediately preceded and,in part,led to Hollande not seeking reelection in 2017?
A) the collapse of the Fifth Republic
B) his failure to pass referendums on constitutional reform
C) a scandal involving anti-Semitism
D) an unpopular reform of French labor laws
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Chapter 5: Germany
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Q1) The Weimar Republic
A) collapsed in the face of rising Nazism in the 1930s.
B) sponsored German reunification in the 1990s.
C) fostered German industrialization in the 1890s.
D) replaced Nazi rule in the 1950s.
Q2) The title of Germany's head of government is the
A) federal chancellor.
B) prime minister.
C) president.
D) king or queen.
Q3) Which of the following statements about East Germany is accurate?
A) It was a (forced) Communist ally of the USSR.
B) It was far more affluent than West Germany.
C) It was a founding member of the European Union.
D) It became a cornerstone of the NATO alliance.
Q4) The lower house of the German parliament is called the A) Bundestag.
B) Bundesrat.
C) Landeshaus.
D) Volkschamber.
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Chapter 6: Japan
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Q1) Would you judge the reforms imposed on Japan during the American occupation successful and beneficial? Why or why not?
Q2) The iron triangle of "Japan,Inc.," has come under increased criticism and scrutiny recently because of
A) the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
B) revelations of scandals within the triangle.
C) growing Chinese military dominance in the region.
D) the inability of Japan,Inc.,to dominate new Chinese and South Korean tech producers.
Q3) Japan's iron triangle includes which of the following three constituencies?
A) workers,politicians,bureaucrats
B) politicians,businessmen,workers
C) businessmen,soldiers,politicians
D) bureaucrats,businessmen,politicians
Q4) What impact did postwar democratization and Westernization have on the development of civil society in Japan? Does the Japanese bureaucracy limit or facilitate widespread civil society participation in government?
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Chapter 7: Russia
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Q1) Lenin consolidated the 1917 revolution in part through the nomenklatura,which were
A) the secret police.
B) the mass armies used to defeat the opponents of the revolution.
C) the local Soviets that provided grassroots support to the revolution.
D) politically influential Communists who were given important jobs in the bureaucracy.
Q2) What were the central factors that allowed for the 1917 revolution?
Q3) In which of the following ways does Russia's Federation Council differ from the Duma?
A) It has more responsibility for protecting the letter of the constitution.
B) It is capable of overriding a presidential veto,unlike the Duma.
C) It has control over appointment and approval of the prime minister,which the Duma lacks.
D) It lacks the power of approval over declarations of war and international treaties,which the Duma possesses.
Q4) Considering the significant power of the Russian presidency,does the national legislature serve any important independent functions in modern Russia? How has the national legislature's role evolved since 1991?
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Chapter 8: China
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Q1) Falun Gong refers to
A) the overseas Chinese community.
B) China's controversial one-child policy.
C) wealthy private entrepreneurs.
D) a government-banned Chinese meditation sect.
Q2) What did Mao intend to accomplish with the Great Leap Forward,and what was its actual result? How did Mao respond to the results of the Great Leap Forward?
Q3) The Chinese Communists' disastrous attempt in the late 1950s to depart from the Soviet model by rapidly establishing locally directed communes was known as A) reform and opening.
B) the Hundred Flowers Campaign.
C) the Cultural Revolution.
D) the Great Leap Forward.
Q4) Discuss the relationship between the Chinese state and the Chinese Communist Party.Can they be separated and assessed as separate institutions?
Q5) Briefly discuss China's separatist challenges in both Tibet and Xinjiang.How might China's experiences with Hong Kong and Taiwan have influenced its policies toward these two regions?
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Chapter 9: India
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Q1) The western Indian state in which Hindu retaliatory violence killed thousands of Muslims in 2002 is
A) Amritsar.
B) Ayodhya.
C) Gujarat.
D) Delhi.
Q2) Which prime minister declared emergency rule in 1975?
A) Mohandas K.Gandhi
B) Jawaharlal Nehru
C) Indira Gandhi
D) Manmohan Singh
Q3) In which of the following ways does presidential rule differ from emergency rule?
A) Presidential rule is more likely to be used during international conflicts than during domestic ones.
B) Presidential rule is used only with respect to states,not with respect to the country as a whole.
C) Presidential rule is more of an economic tool than a tool of governance.
D) Presidential rule is more controversial in its use than emergency rule.
Q4) Identify and discuss three primary obstacles to economic development in India.
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Chapter 10: Iran
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Q1) The term ayatollah refers to
A) a member of a powerful higher clergy within Shiism's religious leadership.
B) the belief in the role of the Koran as the final word of God.
C) the Safavid and Qajar-era monarchs.
D) Jews and Christians who are respected in Islam as "people of the Book."
Q2) Shiism differs from Sunni Islam in its emphasis on
A) the possibility for reincarnation among those free of sin.
B) the need for a literal reading of the Koran.
C) mysticism and ritual.
D) the descendants of Mohammad as true leaders of Islam.
Q3) The perpetrators of the 1979 Iranian Revolution sought to create what kind of regime?
A) monarchy
B) theocracy
C) illiberal democracy
D) secular republic
Q4) Explain how reformists differ from political conservatives (principalists) in the debate over the relationship between religion and the state.In the absence of institutionalized parties,what other debates form ideological cleavages in Iranian society?
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Chapter 11: Mexico
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Q1) Which events led to the PRI's base of power weakening? What parties were positioned to compete with the PRI and on what policy platforms did they compete?
Q2) Explain the rise of the PRD in the 1988 elections,including the primary issue leading to its splintering from the PRI,its success,and also the factors leading to its decrease in popularity among the Mexican middle class.
Q3) What are maquiladoras?
A) factories that import materials to make goods for export
B) large state-backed agriculture corporations
C) corrupt politicians
D) indigenous communities in southern Mexico
Q4) A major tool used by the PRI to maintain its decades-long hold on power was
A) patron-client relationships.
B) imprisoning the political opposition.
C) banning opposition parties.
D) suspending elections.
Q5) Why could Mexico under the PRI be described as the "perfect dictatorship"? Was the stability it brought to Mexico worth the restriction of democracy?
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Chapter 12: Brazil
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Q1) Compared with Spanish America,Brazil's relatively peaceful history can be attributed to
A) a reasonably progressive monarchy.
B) the absence of a military in Brazil.
C) very low levels of inequality.
D) Brazil's immense wealth.
Q2) Which of the following has resulted from the persistent lack of legislative majorities in Brazil?
A) fewer uses of line-item vetoes
B) more overrides of presidential vetoes
C) presidential legislating by emergency decree
D) reduced use of congressional hearings
Q3) Slavery ended in Brazil
A) because of a slave rebellion against whites.
B) only in the early twentieth century.
C) after a civil war similar to that of the United States.
D) peacefully,by royal decree.
Q4) Describe the Brazilian political party system,and note some of its distinctive features.Why do many scholars blame the structure of the electoral system on Brazil's persistent government corruption?
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Chapter 13: South Africa
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Q1) Which of the following statements about the ANC's policies and actions toward alleviating poverty and inequality in the wake of democratization is accurate?
A) The ANC pursued a strongly statist model of economic stewardship in its first decade of rule as a means of rapidly changing the economic-racial divide.
B) ANC policies have trended liberal and have brought limited but uneven growth,with several long periods of declining GDP.
C) The ANC pursues a model of liberal economic structuring after a costly two years of big investments in direct provision of basic needs to the poor.
D) The ANC has recently abandoned its support of land reform and basic health care to focus more fully on containing inflation.
Q2) Which of the following actions was taken by President F.W.de Klerk that hastened the transition to democracy and the end of apartheid?
A) legalizing the ANC
B) passing the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act
C) jailing prominent apartheid proponents
D) dismantling the PAC
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Chapter 14: Nigeria
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Q1) The lower house of Nigeria's parliament is called the A) House of Burgesses.
B) Chamber of Deputies.
C) House of Representatives.
D) House of Councilors.
Q2) Some have argued that postcolonial patrimonial leadership,not colonial exploitation,is more to blame for Nigeria's challenges of political and economic modernization.Do you agree? Why or why not?
Q3) Over three-fourths of Nigeria's local government councils have been replaced by A) military councils loyal to the president.
B) elder councils with religious authority derived from Sharia law.
C) "temporary" caretaker committees appointed by state governors.
D) no discernible government structure,resulting in largely lawless regions.
Q4) What has been the Nigerian state's strategy for dealing with the growing threat of Boko Haram? How have Boko Haram's tactics and targets changed in recent years?
Q5) Describe Nigeria's international political alignment during and since independence.Why did it remain pro-Western for so long and what factor(s) nudged it toward nonalignment?
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