Politics of Developing Nations Exam Review
Course Introduction
This course explores the political dynamics of developing nations, analyzing their historical and contemporary challenges within a global context. Students will examine themes such as colonial legacies, state-building, governance, development strategies, social movements, and the impact of globalization. Through case studies, the course considers how economic inequality, identity politics, and external actors shape political institutions and policy outcomes in the Global South. By the end of the course, students will gain a deeper understanding of the complexities and diversity of political life in developing countries, as well as the prospects and obstacles for sustainable development and democratization.
Recommended Textbook Essentials of Comparative Politics Fifth Edition by Patrick H. ONeil
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11 Chapters
385 Verified Questions
385 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Critics of the behavioral revolution accused it of which of the following?
A)It had come to emphasize methodology over knowledge.
B)It relied too much on Marxist assumptions regarding politics.
C)It was too focused on history.
D)It had not fully embraced mathematical innovations.
E)It was not interested in developing predictive models of politics.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following statements about the current institutional approach to comparative politics is accurate?
A)It merges the core characteristics of modernization theory and behavioralism.
B)It rejects the value of individual political behavior in shaping politics.
C)It has adopted the basic tenets of modernization theory and supported them empirically.
D)It shares an emphasis on the importance of institutions with pre-1950s comparative politics research.
E)It differs from behavioralism in its rejection of cause-and-effect relationships.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: States
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Sample Questions
Q1) Thomas Hobbes believed that people gave up their rights to the coercive power of the state in order to:
A)seek greater equality between peoples.
B)have the power to elect their leaders.
C)gain religious freedom.
D)escape anarchy.
E)escape authoritarianism.
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following might be a characteristic of a state with low autonomy?
A)a limited ability to disobey the public
B)freedom from a state of "capture"
C)government pursuit of the best interests of the country, despite public opinion
D)a lack of influence by private individuals
E)a tendency to resist the interests of well-organized groups
Answer: A
Q3) How is power typically divided in a federal system? What conditions in a country are most likely to lead to a system of asymmetric federalism?
Answer: Answer :Answers will vary.
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4
Chapter 3: Nations and Society
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Q1) In which of the following ways do both conservatives and liberals differ from radicals?
A)They do not advocate the removal of existing institutions.
B)They do not see the need for change in the current system.
C)They question whether or not societal problems can ever be solved.
D)They advocate restoring values from previous or even indeterminate regimes of the past.
E)They favor evolutionary change instead of rapid change.
Answer: B
Q2) Radicals are those in the political spectrum who favor:
A)evolutionary change of the status quo.
B)the status quo.
C)restoring structures that once existed.
D)dramatic change of the existing order.
E)the elimination of private property and an end to class divisions.
Answer: D
Q3) What are the most important political aspirations related to national identity? What major factors can contribute to the formation of a national identity?
Answer: Answer :Answers will vary.
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Political Economy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would be considered a public good in the United States?
A)political party membership
B)highways
C)gasoline and heating oil
D)health care
E)property
Q2) Mercantilism is best associated with which of the following policies?
A)free trade
B)tariff barriers
C)elimination of all private property
D)neocorporatism
E)national health care
Q3) In which of the following ways do both communism and mercantilism differ from liberalism?
A)They typically employ relatively low tariff barriers.
B)They have high state autonomy and capacity.
C)They agree that markets should play a role, if a limited one.
D)Inequality is often a result of state economic policy.
E)The state role in the economy is minimal.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Democratic Regimes
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a parliamentary system, the prime minister serves as:
A)head of state.
B)head of government.
C)both head of state and head of government.
D)neither head of state nor head of government.
E)the final court of appeal.
Q2) The ability of constitutional courts to strike down legislation even in the absence of a specific court case is known as ________ review.
A)abstract
B)concrete
C)hypothetical
D)preemptive
E)proactive
Q3) Why does civil society matter, and do you think it is in any way connected to the idea of the rule of law? How? Why?
Q4) Should democracies rely more on initiatives or referenda to decide policy, or are forms of indirect democracy better? Why or why not?
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Chapter 6: Nondemocratic Regimes
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Q1) Which of the following examples can be described as totalitarian?
A)the Soviet Union under Stalin
B)Iraq under Saddam Hussein
C)the Soviet Union under Gorbachev
D)Saudi Arabia under the Saud family
E)China during the 1960s under Mao
Q2) Country X holds regular elections for a legislature, though most of its citizens have little faith in the validity of the results.Its powerful military operates largely outside of the control of the government, but it does not control the actions of the government.The government executive wields enormous power, but there is also a judiciary that occasionally rules on constitutional matters.A number of political parties compete with each other, but the government regularly restricts their campaigning activities.Based on this description, in which category could Country X most reliably be placed?
A)patrimonial regime
B)hybrid regime
C)military rule
D)clientist regime
E)corporatist regime
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8
Chapter 7: Political Violence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nihilism is in large part a belief that all institutions and values:
A)are essentially meaningless.
B)are equally valid.
C)should embrace pacifism.
D)are a gift from God.
E)should focus more on environmental issues.
Q2) Terrorism can be defined as:
A)the use of violence by nonstate actors against states in order to achieve a political goal.
B)the use of violence by nonstate actors against civilians in order to achieve a political goal.
C)the use of violence by states against civilians in order to achieve a political goal.
D)the use of violence by civilians against states in order to achieve a political goal.
E)the use of any kind of political violence by states or civilians.
Q3) Under what conditions does religion become a source for political violence? What are the similarities between major terrorist groups in this arena?
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9
Chapter 8: Developed Democracies
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Q1) Postindustrialism most threatens the economic security of:
A)the very rich.
B)those living in rural areas.
C)workers in the service industries.
D)the less educated.
E)women.
Q2) According to your text, postmodern values tend to emphasize which of the following?
A)patriotism
B)nationalism
C)material wealth
D)quality of life
E)authority
Q3) Which of the following is the best-known example of the process of integration?
A)the creation of the United States of America
B)the formation of the European Union
C)the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
D)the creation of the North American Free Trade Agreement
E)the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Communism and Postcommunism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Marx's name for all human institutions, including religion, the state, politics, and gender, is the:
A)surplus value.
B)superstructure.
C)dialectic
D)bourgeoisie.
E)base.
Q2) Describe the political and economic strategies undertaken by Gorbachev as a means of reforming the Soviet Union.What changes did he propose in the international arena? Assess how these policies helped to hasten the end of the Soviet Union.
Q3) For most of his career, Marx generally argued that communist revolution was most likely in:
A)countries in which the superstructure had less power.
B)countries where capitalism was most advanced.
C)poor countries.
D)countries with an underdeveloped bourgeoisie.
E)Europe.
Q4) Why was communism able to spread across such a large part of the globe? What explains its attraction?
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Chapter 10: Developing Countries
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the debate, pro and con, over the use of microfinance in lower income countries.Why might it lead to the middle income trap, and do the risks outweigh the benefits?
Q2) Which of the following is a component of import substitution, an economic strategy followed by many developing countries in the post-World War II era?
A)poor enforcement of intellectual property rights
B)lowering nontariff barriers
C)ending government business subsidies
D)privatizing nationalized industries
E)banning para-statal arrangements
Q3) One of the major criticisms of microfinance or microcredit is that:
A)the loans create a dependency on foreign handouts.
B)the loans do not help grow businesses that can hire employees.
C)the loans are rarely repaid.
D)the international community is not involved in making these investments.
E)the loans are not made to people, only firms.
Q4) How did import substitution compare with export-oriented industrialization as a real-world strategy for economic development and modernization? Has the Washington Consensus proved to be a more beneficial model for developing states?
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Chapter 11: Globalization and the Future of Comparative
Politics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rather than a universal process of economic deepening across the globe, much of what we think of as globalization is simply the:
A)integration of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe into the world economy and political order since 1989.
B)integration of China into the global market.
C)liberalization of U.S.trade to allow more imports.
D)decline of oil prices.
E)rise of the Indian economy.
Q2) In which of the following ways does the study of societal globalization differ from that of political globalization?
A)It largely focuses on the development of nonstate and supra-state organizations as rivals to the state.
B)It rejects the concept of global cosmopolitanism.
C)It ignores considerations of global democracy.
D)It focuses on the formation of civil society that stretches beyond borders.
E)It largely ignores nationalist movements as part of global culture.
Q3) Is globalization unstoppable? What evidence suggests that it could (or could not) be reversed?
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