Political Systems Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
This course offers an in-depth exploration of the various types of political systems that structure governance around the world, including democracies, authoritarian regimes, and hybrid models. Students will examine the foundational principles, institutions, and processes that define how power is distributed and exercised within different states. Through comparative analysis, the course also addresses the historical evolution of political systems, their cultural contexts, and the implications for policy-making, political participation, and stability. By the end of the course, students will have developed a critical understanding of how political systems shape societies and influence global affairs.
Recommended Textbook
Political Science An Introduction 13th Edition by
Michael G. Roskin
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18 Chapters
1439 Verified Questions
1439 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Politics and Political Science
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the best example of theory?
A)People join groups because of an innate desire to be with others who have similar views.
B)Democratic governments last longer than non-Democratic governments.
C)Republicans are older than Democrats.
D)Corruption is rampant in government.
Answer: A
Q2) Reason, balance, and theory pertain to which of the following?
A)Balance
B)Power
C)Scholarship
D)Methodology
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following best describes voter turnout in the U.S.in 2008 compared to the past?
A)It increased from previous years
B)It was stable from previous years
C)It decreased slightly from previous years
D)It decreased dramatically from previous years
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Theories
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Sample Questions
Q1) John Locke's theories were more pessimistic than Thomas Hobbes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) A __________ is a model or way of doing research which is accepted by the discipline.
Answer: paradigm
Q3) Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau would likely agree on which of the following?
A)Individuals join and stay in civil society
B)Life is nasty and brutish
C)Power resided with the proletariat
D)The importance of empirical research
Answer: A
Q4) Which statement best supports Marxist Theories?
A)The United States provides ample opportunities for all that work hard.
B)Similarities exist between economies in both Europe and the United States.
C)Tax breaks will often create jobs, benefiting the working class.
D)Uneven benefits to corporations with few benefits for workers, led to the economic crises in the early 2000s.
Answer: D
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Political Ideologies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements best supports the works of Francis Fukuyama?
A)War is necessary to promote American interests.
B)Many people live in a free society.
C)There are many ideological viewpoints in the world.
D)Free market will likely be replaced with greater government ownership.
Answer: B
Q2) The American media's failure to question President Bush's claims that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction can be explained by __________.
A)liberalism
B)nationalism
C)Maoism
D)fascism
Answer: B
Q3) How do Libertarians compare to liberals and conservatives?
A)Libertarians are more consistent in their views.
B)Libertarians are less consistent in their views.
C)Libertarians prefer intervention in economic matters only.
D)Libertarians prefer intervention in social matters only.
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: States
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following, if True, most undermines the French-type strong state argument?
A)State-owned industries made France an economic power.
B)Regionalism limits central government authority.
C)Government intervention in the economy is necessary due to market failures.
D)Other nations, like the United States modernized more quickly.
Q2) In France, first-order civil divisions are known as departments.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following might lead you to believe Great Britain has a quasi-unitary system of government?
A)Scotland has gained autonomy over some policy areas.
B)Scotland remains under British control on all matters.
C)Great Britain has a federal system of government.
D)Great Britain has a confederal system of government.
Q4) Electoral systems that elect one person per district are known as ____________.
A)multi-member districts
B)majoritarian systems
C)single-member districts
D)proportional districts
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Constitutions and Rights
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Q1) The fact that in the United State there are a variety of ethnic groups and some speak languages other than English deals with the issue of __________.
Q2) Which U.S.Constitutional Amendment protects free speech rights?
A)First
B)Second
C)Third
D)Fourth
Q3) How can a "red scare" limit speech?
Q4) Gitlow v.New York and Scales v.the United States have which of the following in common?
A)These cases demonstrated the limits of government in dealing with terrorism.
B)These cases demonstrated the limits of governments in dealing with sedition.
C)These cases demonstrated that civil liberties and rights are curtailed when the government is under threat.
D)These cases established unrestricted freedom of speech rights for citizens.
Q5) The Bush Administration denied "unlawful enemy combatants" __________ rights prior to the 2004 Supreme Court decision dealing with the matter.
Q6) Explain the debate over multiculturalism.
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Chapter 6: Regimes
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Q1) Venezuela is considered what type of authoritarian regime?
A)Military
B)Personalistic
C)Limited monarchy
D)Dominant-party
Q2) Democracy is dependent for its growth, at least in part, on a __________ economy.
Q3) Describe the more accurate reflection of reality regarding elite and pluralist theories: a view of society as __________.
A)many billiard balls colliding with each other and with government policy
B)a series of small pyramids, each capped by an elite
C)many billiard balls, each sitting beneath a pyramid
D)a single pyramid, with many elite at the top
Q4) Conservative billionaires generously funded pro-Romney __________ and yet still lost the 2012 presidential election.
A)politicians
B)policies
C)super-PACs
D)social media
Q5) What is the main idea of popular accountability of government?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Political Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is it significant that California made English its official language in 1986, and in 1998 eliminated bilingual education, speeding assimilation of subcultures?
A)California's approach has been considered divisive, if not discriminatory.
B)California is rarely an indicator of nationwide trends.
C)California is often an indicator of nationwide trends.
D)California is often far more progressive than the nation at large.
Q2) According to the text, __________ is only the starting point for political participation.
A)the act of voting
B)joining a political party
C)awareness of political issues
D)running for political office
Q3) Children accept __________ values unconsciously and uncritically and may retain them all their lives.
Q4) Wealthier, more educated elites are more likely to vote than the less educated, less wealthy masses.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How are families an example of an agent of socialization?
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Chapter 8: Public Opinion
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is an example of American manual workers going against the expected habits of their class.
A)African American laborers motivated by noneconomic issues, such as race, gun control, etc. moving toward support of the Republican party
B)White working-class Americans motivated by noneconomic issues, such as race, gun control, etc. moving toward support of the Republican party
C)Working-class Hispanics motivated by noneconomic issues, such as race, gun control, etc. moving toward support of the Green party
D)White working-class Americans motivated by economic issues
Q2) There is no __________ to control(ling) the broadcasting of polls.
A)constitutionally legal way, to date
B)desire among citizens
C)way, at all
D)benefit
Q3) What is public opinion? What is not public opinion? Why are policymakers concerned with public opinion? What are the consequences of politicians paying attention to public opinion? Provide examples in your response.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Political Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is there little coverage by any entity other than the elite media of likely international trouble spots?
Q2) The elite press exposes public wrongdoing via __________, which the average outlet typically avoids for fear of legal repercussions.
A)investigative reporting
B)espionage techniques
C)security leaks
D)computer hacking
Q3) How can social media undermine a dictatorial regime?
Q4) In 2009, Iranians used computers and mobile phones to organize against rigged elections and a corrupt regime.In what ways does social media possess the potential to undermine dictatorial regimes? Is this form of media sustainable as an outlet for free speech? Cite specific examples.
Q5) Recall one reason mass media yields a greater voter-opinion return than face-to-face communication.
A)It appeals to a more intelligent demographic.
B)Its audience is more easily influenced.
C)Face-to-face communication lacks technological complexity.
D)It reaches a larger audience.
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Chapter 10: Interest Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain what keeps the doors of Congress open to interest groups.
A)A healthy culture of disagreement and debate
B)The exchange of favors
C)The careful cultivation of civil servants and members of Congress over the years
D)A neutral relationship with bureaucrats and Congress-people
Q2) Why does a group as large, and with a reach as large, as the NAACP have so little influence?
A)Size and reach don't inherently translate into influence, even if the group isn't disadvantaged.
B)The largest groups are often ignored as people assume groups that attract such large numbers must be having their needs met.
C)Disadvantaged groups with smaller grievances are among the least likely to be listened to.
D)Disadvantaged groups with the biggest grievances are among the least likely to be listened to.
Q3) Is it accurate that, as pluralists believe, no interest group can monopolize power?
Q4) Right to Life is a __________ interest group.
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Chapter 11: Parties
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Sample Questions
Q1) What did the 2012 U.S.presidential election demonstrate about party cohesion?
A)Super-PACS can harm party cohesion.
B)Stringent party cohesion can harm electoral chances.
C)Party cohesion remains unaffected by monetary funds.
D)American voters prefer strongly cohesive parties.
Q2) When parties become too messy or fluid, critics call them __________ systems.
A)nascent
B)unsound
C)inchoate
D)rudimentary
Q3) In parliamentary systems, the majority party must resign when constituents submit a vote of non-confidence in the party.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Large parties in particular can be analyzed as __________.
A)generations of like-minded voters
B)coalitions of interest groups
C)team-led organizations based around a theme
D)trustworthy representatives of national interest
Q5) Using Sartori's definition, identify the criteria for party relevance.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Elections
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Q1) The province of __________, in Canada, is an example of periphery regions that experience center-periphery tensions that often affect voting patterns.
Q2) What does partisan polarization look like?
A)Partisans take to the streets, armed and prepared for street battles with the opposing party.
B)Party identifiers maintain the same militancy they have always possessed, continuing their dislikes and slurs against the other party.
C)Party identifiers become violent in their campaigning.
D)Party identifiers become more militant, as do dislikes and slurs against the other party.
Q3) The Clinton victories in 1992 and 1996 and the Obama victory of 2008, all based on the __________, undermine the theory of electoral realignment.
A)economy
B)military
C)right to life
D)grassroots movements
Q4) Is the U.S.electoral system defective? Explain your answer.
Q5) Roosevelt's __________ influenced an electoral realignment in U.S.politics.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Legislatures
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following terms identifies a primary danger to multiparty systems?
A)Ombudsman
B)Gridlock
C)Stalemate
D)Immobilism
Q2) Differentiate between presidential and parliamentary systems.
Q3) The English Civil War erupted between which two political forces?
A)Monarchists and democrats
B)Democrats and parliamentarians
C)Parliamentarians and royalists
D)Loyalists and separatists
Q4) Assignment to the more prestigious of Congressional committees, such as the House Ways and Means Committee or Armed Services Committee, is frequently damaging to representatives' careers, and thus, they tend to avoid these assignments.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the development of feudalism and the "balance of powers."
Q6) In Britain, the __________ allows members of Parliament to grill ministers, sometimes with devastating results.
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Chapter 14: Executives and Bureaucracies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast cabinet ministers with departmental secretaries.Provide examples in your discussion of their similarities and differences.How might cabinet ministers be better equipped for their role? What problems do department secretaries typically have?
Q2) Explain how corruption still occurs within China, even though party members are supposed to combat such occurrences.
A)China's authoritarian government depends on the cadres, who engage in corruptive practices such as accepting bribes and fake "taxes," to run the country.
B)The Communist Party's Central Commission for Discipline Inspection expels party members who do not agree with the cadres' corruptive practices, thereby eliminating the opposition.
C)China's Communist system prevents any of its officials from losing power.
D)Any corruption done by the cadres does not hurt the regime in anyway.
Q3) Describe what it means to be a bureaucracy.Would bureaucracy function without the career civil service? Explain.Given what we know, does Britain have a tighter bureaucracy than the United States? Why or why not? Indicate what this reveals about the United States?
Q4) The __________ fiasco occurred under Reagan's presidency.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Judiciaries
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following actions comprise roles of the German Constitutional Court?
A)It maintains liberty, defends civil rights, and protects the people against autocratic rule.
B)It decides cases between states, protects civil liberties, and outlaws dangerous political parties.
C)It reviews new laws against the constitution (Basic Law), assesses criminal cases, and checks political campaign funds.
D)It preserves checks and balances, maintains separation of powers, and occasionally reverses decisions of lower courts.
Q2) Analyze and evaluate presidential methods of dealing with undesirable Supreme Court rulings.
Q3) In the 1950s, Germany's Constitutional Court ruled against both the Communist and __________ parties, finding that they wanted to overthrow the constitutional order.
Q4) Scandals are standard in Italy, Japan, and France, rendering those countries more corrupt than their wealth suggests.They are therefore __________ on the Corruption Perception Index.
Q5) How does the Russian court's theoretical role differ from its practiced role?
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Political Economy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Official poverty figures do not include __________ benefits, such as food stamps, transferred to the poor by government programs.
Q2) What major 2008 event sparked debate concerning the government's size and role?
A)Financial Crisis
B)Hurricane Katrina
C)War in Libya
D)Arab Spring
Q3) Critique President Carter's attempts at welfare reform.
Q4) Describe British economist John Maynard Keynes' proposal to cure economic depressions.
A)Keynes suggested infusing the economy with government funds to promote spending.
B)Keynes advocated for "trickle down" economic policies.
C)Keynes argued for stronger stimulus packages to corporations and small businesses.
D)Keynes proposed to cure depressions by dampening the swings of the business cycle.
Q5) During bad times, government used to increase aggregate demand through __________ on public works and welfare to make recessions shorter and milder.
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18
Chapter 17: Violence and Revolution
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Q1) Some states engage in __________, despite officially denouncing terrorism.
A)sharing intelligence with nongovernmental militias
B)"state-sponsored terrorism"
C)targeting specific groups for violence
D)democracy
Q2) Why is the Middle East currently the breeding ground for considerable terrorist activity?
A)High birth rates produce many unemployed youth who are attracted to the simplistic lessons of Islamism, which has made the United States an object of hate.
B)Low birth rates produce too few citizens to keep the economy growing and poverty breeds unrest.
C)High birth rates produce many unemployed youth who are attracted to the complex lessons of Islamism, which has made other Middle Eastern nations an object of hate.
D)Low birth rates produce too few citizens to keep the economy growing, and the poor are attracted to the simplistic lessons of Islamism, which has made the United States an object of hate.
Q3) In __________, British troops patrolled with automatic weapons and armored cars.
Q4) Terrorism is difficult to fight because it falls between war and __________.
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Chapter 18: International Relations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is generally True of sovereign nations?
A)Laws allow individuals to settle grievances in court.
B)The lack of legal enforcement forces most to settle disputes on their own.
C)The spirit of the law often conflicts with the letter of the law.
D)Written law sometimes conflicts with law as it occurs in practice.
Q2) No two democracies have ever gone to war with one another.When Argentina and Britain fought over the Falklands in 1982, Argentina was a __________.
Q3) International relations differs from __________ politics, as there is no sovereign power over the world's nations forcing them to obey laws and preserving peace.
Q4) Explain George Kennan's comparison of American democracy to a "pea-brained dinosaur sitting contentedly in a swamp of unmindful threats."
A)He rests still for the moment, but may attack any opponent at any time and should not be disturbed.
B)Despite the appearance of contentedness, he as actually quite violent.
C)Threats surround him but he exists in ignorance to them.
D)Once harmed by an adversary, he erupts into a violent rage that destroys the foe and wrecks his own habitat.
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