Political Systems
Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
This course provides a comprehensive examination of political systems around the world, focusing on their structures, functions, and underlying principles. Students will explore the differences between democracies, authoritarian regimes, and hybrid systems, analyzing how each manages power, authority, and governance. The course also delves into the roles of institutions, electoral systems, political parties, and civil society in shaping political outcomes. Through comparative analysis, students will gain insights into the forces that influence political stability, policy-making, and citizen participation, enabling them to critically assess the effectiveness and challenges of various political systems.
Recommended Textbook
Political Science An Introduction 13th Edition by
Michael G. Roskin
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18 Chapters
1439 Verified Questions
1439 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Politics and Political Science
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best describes voter turnout in the U.S.in 2008 compared to the past?
A)It increased from previous years
B)It was stable from previous years
C)It decreased slightly from previous years
D)It decreased dramatically from previous years
Answer: A
Q2) When we study France to compare it to other nations, we may draw from what field of social science?
A)History
B)Human Geography
C)Economics
D)Sociology
Answer: D
Q3) In the 1950s, the American Political Science Association worried about the weakness of __________.
Answer: political parties
Q4) Tom Paine's __________ discussed why America should separate from Britain. Answer: Common Sense
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Chapter 2: Theories
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79 Verified Questions
79 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rational-choice theorists argue that behavior cannot be predicted.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The term __________ might best explain why different periods throughout history have distinctive characteristics.
A)bourgeoisie
B)zeitgeist
C)paradigm
D)general will
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following would most likely be supported by the bourgeoisie?
A)Equality for all
B)A revolt by the proletariat
C)Minority rights
D)Conflict for economic gain
Answer: D
Q4) Formal structures of government, like the presidency or the courts, are referred to as __________.
Answer: institutions
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Political Ideologies
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ is the U.S.ideology of former liberals turning to conservative causes and methods.
Answer: Neoconservatism
Q2) __________ is an extreme form of nationalism.
A)Liberalism
B)Conservatism
C)Socialism
D)Fascism
Answer: D
Q3) Modern American conservatism would favor government involvement in what activity?
A)Religious promotion
B)Regulating markets
C)Protecting organized labor
D)A progressive tax system
Answer: A
Q4) Former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev would be considered a reformer.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 5
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Chapter 4: States
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80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How are institutions bigger than individual leaders? Give an example.
Q2) The United States had a federal system of government under the Articles of Confederation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Districts that are __________ often have bizarre shapes.
A)compact
B)majoritarian
C)gerrymandered
D)proportional
Q4) Distinguish between effective, weak, and failed states.
Q5) Explain the relationship between electoral systems and party systems.
Q6) _________ is the term for the absence of government.
Q7) Which of the following, if True, might keep a failed state from disappearing?
A)Increasing taxation power
B)Revenue from natural resources being collected by leaders
C)Expansion of territory
D)Monetary aid from other nations
Q9) What does gerrymandering do for democracy? Page 6
Q8) Japan's first-order civil divisions are known as __________.
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Page 7
Chapter 5: Constitutions and Rights
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Sample Questions
Q1) How many votes are needed to overcome the filibuster in the U.S.Senate?
A)50
B)60
C)67
D)75
Q2) The State Duma is the legislature in what country?
A)Ireland
B)Sweden
C)Russia
D)Germany
Q3) The Clear and Present danger doctrine deals with what issue?
A)Sedition
B)Gun rights
C)Communism
D)Economic rights
Q4) People in the American South may prefer a limited role of government in the economy, while those in the Northeast may favor greater government involvement.These two areas have very different __________.
Q5) Explain the purposes of constitutions.Why are they necessary?
Q6) The Constitution's militia clause is found in the __________.
Page 8
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Chapter 6: Regimes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which ambassador to the UN argued that there is a difference between authoritarian and totalitarian regimes?
A)Francisco Franco
B)Jeane J. Kirkpatrick
C)Robert Mugabe
D)Adlai Stevenson
Q2) __________ states regularly use organized terror and violence against their citizens to maintain control and achieve their goals.
A)Authoritarian
B)Transitional
C)Oligarchic
D)Totalitarian
Q3) How does authoritarianism in developing nations contrast with authoritarianism in the global north?
Q4) Egypt is indicative of a democratic regime.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In an authoritarian regime legislator's __________ the dictator's laws, and puppet prime ministers and cabinet's carry them out.
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Chapter 7: Political Culture
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80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify the correlation between annual income and activity as a convention delegate.
A)Most convention delegates have annual incomes much higher than average voters.
B)Most convention delegates have annual incomes much lower than average voters.
C)Most convention delegates have annual incomes much higher than even high-income voters.
D)Most convention delegates have annual incomes similar to average voters.
Q2) The Norwegian Americans of the fictional "Lake Wobegon," Minnesota do not constitute a subculture because __________.
A)they are not politically radical
B)their politics and culture are mainstream
C)they never seek out independence
D)their culture is not appreciated by the nation at large
Q3) Children accept __________ values unconsciously and uncritically and may retain them all their lives.
Q4) Minorities can be integrated into mainstream society voluntarily or through overt measures of political socialization.The U.S.has traditionally pursued the latter.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Public Opinion
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ can lead or tamper with public opinion.
A)Protests
B)Elections
C)Interest groups
D)The church
Q2) How was the following 1965 exchange between a Johnson aid and Lyndon Johnson-who was both escalating the war in Vietnam and a close watcher of the polls-illustrative of the volatility of public opinion: The aid told Johnson: "we have overwhelming public opinion on our side." Johnson replied, "Yes, but for a very underwhelming period of time."
A)Two-thirds support for the war in 1965 turned into two-thirds opposition in 1968
B)Two-thirds opposition for the war in 1965 turned into two-thirds support in 1968
C)Two-thirds support for the war in 1965 remained two-thirds support in 1968
D)Two-thirds opposition for the war in 1965 remained two-thirds opposition in 1968
Q3) What are public opinion polls? To whom are they useful? How are public opinion polls conducted? Are they reliable? Why or why not?
Q4) __________ decisions tend to guide public opinion.
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11
Chapter 9: Political Communication
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Though they place the news into a meaningful context, editorials and columns never contain more news than straight news stories.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Long the dean of television anchors, Walter Cronkite stated that television news was just a "__________ service."
Q3) Which U.S.president famously muttered, "You won't have __________ to kick around anymore" after losing the 1962 California governor's race.
A)John F. Kennedy
B)Lyndon B. Johnson
C)Richard Nixon
D)Ronald Reagan
Q4) Started by Howard Dean's 2004 bid for president, online campaign funding has since proven to be ineffective.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Charges and countercharges-especially from super-PACs-place __________ on the candidate, sometimes provoking indecision and apathy.
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Chapter 10: Interest Groups
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who generally belongs to interest groups?
A)A multiplicity of people
B)Primarily the middle-class
C)Almost exclusively the well-educated
D)Suburbanites and urbanites
Q2) Bureaucracies have become big, and powerful, developing __________ of their own.
A)candidates
B)interests
C)political parties
D)media outlets
Q3) Why did Occupy Wall Street protesters take to direct protest?
A)Violent protest had already been attempted
B)The movement could not compete with the financial and political resources of Wall Street.
C)Direct protest seemed a more powerful gesture.
D)The financial and political resources of Wall Street made action through social media negligible.
Q4) Can or should anything be done to curb the power of interest groups and the money associated with them?
Q5) Right to Life is a __________ interest group.
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Chapter 11: Parties
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Sample Questions
Q1) In 2012, the __________ split the Republican Party into pragmatists willing to compromise and militants unwilling to bend.
Q2) What did the Moderate Party do to acquire a majority in the Swedish Riksdag (parliament)?
A)Formed a coalition with the Center, Liberal and Christian Democratic parties
B)Divided assets with Greens, Liberals and the Party of the Left
C)Implemented a divisive nationalist party platform
D)Teamed up with the Sweden Democrats, Center Party and the Social Democrats
Q3) U.S.parties are weakly organized and decentralized, and thus, the parties do not __________ well at the national level.
Q4) When parties become too messy or fluid, critics call them __________ systems.
A)nascent
B)unsound
C)inchoate
D)rudimentary
Q5) In the United States, parties integrate successive waves of immigrants and minorities-currently Hispanics-into American political life.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Elections
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80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is a strong positive retrospective view potentially crucial for parties? Such a view
A)can turn into a party identification
B)can often spur voters to found their own parties
C)rarely turns into a party identification
D)often turns voters off from voting altogether
Q2) What is the relationship between African-American voting rates and Barack Obama's run for president?
A)African-American voting rates rose to those of white voters, as black income and education levels rose.
B)African-American voting rates unexpectedly remained far below those of white voters, as black income and education levels remained steady.
C)African-American voting rates rose to those of Hispanic voters, as black income and education levels rose.
D)African-American voting rates fell unexpectedly below those of white voters, despite black income and education levels rising.
Q3) The __________ voting bloc is the strongest predictor in U.S.voting.
Q4) Being older than __________ would make a person more likely to vote.
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Page 15
Chapter 13: Legislatures
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The English Civil War erupted between which two political forces?
A)Monarchists and democrats
B)Democrats and parliamentarians
C)Parliamentarians and royalists
D)Loyalists and separatists
Q2) South Africa once had a three-chambered parliament, including
A)aristocrats, commoners and working-class people
B)indigenous people, whites and immigrants
C)West Africans, sub-Saharan people, and Arabs
D)whites, mixed-race peoples, and East Indians
Q3) The French Estates General, with three houses (for nobles, clerics, and commoners), was the first successful example of parliamentary checks and balances.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Differentiate between bicameral and unicameral systems, evaluating the benefits and detriments to each.Overall, which seems like the most effective legislative system? Provide examples from your text.
Q5) Analyze the decline of parliamentary power.
Q6) Explain the development of feudalism and the "balance of powers."
Page 16
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Chapter 14: Executives and Bureaucracies
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81 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One who is not interested in or participating in politics is __________.
A)anti-political
B)anarchical
C)anti-establishment
D)apolitical
Q2) The __________ fiasco occurred under Reagan's presidency.
Q3) Many Western European governments added __________ to their cabinets in the 1980s.
Q4) Which country became the least corrupt Latin American country by cutting back on its number of bureaucrats?
A)Argentina
B)Chile
C)Mexico
D)Peru
Q5) Interpret what Max Weber means when he claims that bureaucracy is unavoidable.
Q6) What is considered the "trump card" for a democracy?
A)Electoral punishment
B)Impeachment
C)Electoral college
D)Checks and balances
Page 17
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Chapter 15: Judiciaries
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some justices, like __________ (one of six Jewish justices) and __________ (the first black justice), were active in reform and civil rights causes and brought their liberalism to the bench.
A)Ruth Ginsberg; Earl Warren
B)Owen Roberts; Hugo Black
C)Arthur Goldberg; Clarence Thomas
D)Louis Brandeis; Thurgood Marshall
Q2) Which of the following is an important role of U.S.courts and their greatest contribution to governance?
A)Assure statutory laws do not violate the constitution
B)Protect individual rights and liberties
C)Guarantee administrative usages do not get out of hand
D)Judicial review
Q3) What is the U.S.Supreme Court ruling regarding state obligation to international treaties?
A)States maintain the right to select which treaties they will observe.
B)States have no obligation to observe international treaties.
C)States must observe international treaties ratified by the United States.
D)States must observe international treaties ratified by state legislatures.
Q4) What is positive law and how is it different from natural law?
Page 18
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Chapter 16: Political Economy
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80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which U.S.president is responsible for implementing Food Stamps as a nationwide program?
A)John F. Kennedy
B)Lyndon B. Johnson
C)Richard Nixon
D)Jimmy Carter
Q2) Since the 1950s, the American unionized workforce has declined from 40% to __________.
A)7%
B)16%
C)24%
D)33%
Q3) Describe Aristotle's view of government, society and the economy.
A)He understood them as maintaining a symbiotic relationship.
B)He viewed them all as a single entity.
C)He thought they exhibited an antagonistic relationship.
D)He felt they functioned as mutual drains on one another.
Q4) Considered by Carter but easily misused, __________ would have functioned as a replacement for food stamps.
Q5) Explain the escalating inflation rate under the Johnson administration.
Page 19
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Chapter 17: Violence and Revolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) By the 1980s, many radical countries were trying to __________ their revolutionary systems.
A)crush
B)spread to other nations
C)back out of
D)further
Q2) The Tamil fight in northern Sri Lanka, 1983-2009, is an example of what "type" of violence? Provide the characteristics of that "type" of violence.
Q3) Some states engage in __________, despite officially denouncing terrorism.
A)sharing intelligence with nongovernmental militias
B)"state-sponsored terrorism"
C)targeting specific groups for violence
D)democracy
Q4) Why did Hubert Humphrey lose the election to Richard Nixon in 1968?
A)Specifically because he supported the feminist movement
B)Mostly because he stood against secret U.S. bombing campaigns in Laos and Cambodia
C)Largely because of his enormous support of the protestors at the convention
D)Primarily because of his ambiguous position on the Vietnam War
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Chapter 18: International Relations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Distinguish between President Johnson's ability to govern domestic and foreign affairs.
A)Johnson was a master at generating foreign policy, but could almost never get a bill through congress.
B)Johnson authored a great deal of foreign and domestic legislation, little of which actually became law.
C)Johnson's foreign policy skills were quite keen, though Vietnam is seen as his greatest failure.
D)Johnson successfully implemented domestic policy, but made little headway in terms of foreign affairs.
Q2) In East Asia, civilians guide what are deemed key industries, aimed at rapid growth and dominance of certain markets.
A)True B)False
Q3) Examine global trends concerning violence and war since 1945.In general, has war increased or decreased? Why might this be the case? Do you foresee the continuation of this trend? Explain.
Q4) How can globalization sometimes breed resentment?
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