Political Science I Exam
Answer Key
Course Introduction
Political Science I offers an introduction to the foundational concepts, theories, and institutions that shape political systems around the world. This course explores the nature of political power, the roles and structures of government, the functions of political parties and interest groups, and basic frameworks of comparative politics. Students will examine key issues such as democracy, authoritarianism, civil rights, and political participation, gaining analytical tools to interpret current events and understand the forces that influence political decision-making. Through lectures, readings, and discussions, the course fosters critical thinking about the nature and purpose of governance in both historical and contemporary contexts.
Recommended Textbook
AM GOV 2015 2016 4th Edition by Joseph Losco
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16 Chapters
1073 Verified Questions
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Chapter 1: Citizenship in Our Changing Democracy
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Q1) According to the theory of biased pluralism, which group has disproportionate influence in the formation of public policy?
A)Citizen movements
B)Labor unions
C)The wealthy
D)The middle class
E)The poor
Answer: C
Q2) According to theorist John Locke, how do governments hold our allegiance?
A)by enforcing pluralism and suppressing elite dominance
B)by preserving the state of nature in the face of human threats
C)by enabling majority rule and protecting minority rights
D)by holding a monopoly on the use of force within a government's borders
E)by protecting our life, liberty, and property better than we could on our own
Answer: E
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Chapter 2: The Constitution: the Foundation of Citizens Rights
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Q1) The principle of separation of powers, particularly with regard to an independent judiciary, is primarily associated with the writings of which political philosopher?
A)Voltaire
B)Rousseau
C)Thomas Hobbes
D)Montesquieu
E)John Stuart Mill
Answer: D
Q2) The American nation's first representative government, the House of Burgesses, was established in
A)Maryland.
B)Massachusetts.
C)Pennsylvania.
D)Virginia.
E)New York.
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Federalism: Citizenship and the Dispersal of Power
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Q1) Which of the following presidents developed the policy of revenue sharing?
A)Ronald Reagan
B)Franklin Roosevelt
C)Woodrow Wilson
D)Theodore Roosevelt
E)Richard Nixon
Answer: E
Q2) "Marble cake" federalism is also known as
A)cooperative federalism.
B)dual federalism.
C)new federalism.
D)laissez-faire federalism.
E)social federalism.
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Civil Liberties: Citizens Rights Versus Security
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Q1) Which Supreme Court case decided that compulsory prayer in public schools was unconstitutional?
A)Miranda v.Arizona
B)Buckley v.Valeo
C)Engel v.Vitale
D)Powell v.Alabama
E)Gregg v.Georgia
Q2) Most of the founders of the American republic probably had accommodationist views regarding the relationship between church and state, meaning that they believed that
A)a strict wall of separation must be maintained between the two institutions.
B)a single national religion should be established.
C)Christianity and the Christian Bible should serve as the basis for American laws.
D)the government should be permitted to support religion generally but not a particular religion specifically.
E)while private citizens could worship or not worship as they chose, federal officials should be required to swear oaths of religious affirmation before taking office.
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Chapter 5: Civil Rights: Toward a More Equal Citizenry
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Q1) Which Congress has had the highest number of female elected representatives?
A)107<sup>th</sup> (elected in 2000)
B)108<sup>th</sup> (elected in 2002)
C)110<sup>th</sup> (elected in 2006)
D)112<sup>th</sup> (elected in 2010)
E)113<sup>th</sup> (elected in 2012)
Q2) Who was the leader of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, founded in 1890?
A) Abigail Adams
B) Susan B. Anthony
C) Lucretia Mott
D) Elizabeth Cady Stanton
E) Betty Friedan
Q3) Which minority group is MOST responsible for pioneering the civil rights tactics other groups have adopted since the 1960s?
A)Asian Americans
B)gay and lesbian Americans
C)African Americans
D)Hispanic Americans
E)Native Americans
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Chapter 6: Public Opinion
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Q1) Liberal personalities are characterized by
A)an inherently pessimistic view of human nature.
B)a desire for clear moral and behavioral codes.
C)an inherently optimistic view of human nature.
D)a preference for strong leadership.
E)suspicion of out-groups.
Q2) Given the general trends of political views and geography, you would expect to find the highest percentage of conservative Republicans in which of the following states?
A)Colorado
B)Oregon
C)Pennsylvania
D)Mississippi
E)New York
Q3) Consider the various agents of political socialization that shape Americans' political views.Which of these agents has the most important and lasting influence? Considering the impact of these agents on individuals' beliefs, are citizens best viewed as independent rational actors, or as products of their circumstances? How effectively, in other words, can rational appeals affect citizens' political views?
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Chapter 7: Political Participation: Equal Opportunities and Unequal Voices
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Q1) What are the three conditions necessary for political participation?
A)resources to participate, interest in the political process, and membership in a party
B)interest in the political process, having been asked to participate, and membership in a party
C)membership in a party, resources to participate, and having been asked to participate
D)resources to participate, interest in the political process, and having been asked to participate
E)None of these answers is correct.
Q2) Frequent elections can result in
A)higher voter turnout.
B)more highly trained poll workers.
C)lower use of "franking privileges" by congressional representatives.
D)lower voter turnout.
E)All of these answers are correct.
Q3) What strategies have been taken to reduce voter turnout? Which segments of the population are the primary targets of these strategies? Are these strategies democratic?
Q4) What are the various factors that influence how a voter will vote?
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Chapter 8: Interest Groups in America
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Q1) Discuss the history of voluntary associations in the United States.How widespread have interest groups been? What events and developments have led to their formation? When has their influence been strongest, and when has it waned? Are interest groups more or less prevalent today than they have been in the past?
Q2) The Bonus Army that marched on Washington to demand benefits from the federal government consisted primarily of veterans of
A)the Civil War.
B)World War I.
C)World War II.
D)the Korean War.
E)the Vietnam War.
Q3) A(n) ________ is any formally organized association that seeks to influence public policy in a specific policy area.
A)political party
B)interest group
C)political movement
D)fraternity
E)None of these answers is correct.
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Chapter 9: Parties and Political Campaigns
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Q1) This person has run as both a presidential candidate of the Libertarian Party and for the Republican presidential nomination.
A)Pat Buchanan
B)George Wallace
C)Ross Perot
D)Ralph Nader
E)Ron Paul
Q2) Describe the general characteristics of America's two-party system.How does it differ from the system used in most European democracies? What are the drawbacks and benefits of a system dominated by two main parties? Does the two-party system provide an adequate voice to political minorities? What are the different types of third parties that occasionally emerge in the American political system? What obstacles make it difficult for such parties to compete?
Q3) Third parties have had major impacts in the United States.Discuss the different types of third parties and why they have not had lasting success since the middle of the nineteenth century.
Q4) The two major political parties currently exhibit a high degree of polarization.What factors account for this? What changes could bring about a new era of increased bipartisanship?
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Chapter 10: Media: Tuning in or Tuning Out
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Q1) In Britain, paid political advertisements are
A)not allowed.
B)allowed only during the last 30 days before an election.
C)allowed up until 30 days before an election.
D)must include a response of equal time from the opposition.
E)provided for by public funds.
Q2) Discuss the declining readership of newspapers.Why are decreasing numbers of Americans reading them regularly? What new media outlets are emerging to supplant newspapers? How do these new media outlets affect how citizens acquire information about current events? Is the decline of newspapers a cause for concern, or do new media outlets adequately replace them?
Q3) Discuss the history of the media in the United States.What major technological changes have affected it? How have these changes altered the way Americans receive information? What changes are most salient today? How have these developments already changed the public's relationship with news media, and how might they further change it?
Q4) Discuss the rise of political blogs.What impact do they have on political discourse? In what ways are they similar to and different from traditional media outlets?
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Congress: Doing the Peoples Business
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Q1) Most of the actual drafting and review of legislation in Congress takes place
A)behind closed doors.
B)during visits to lawmakers' home states.
C)in caucuses.
D)in committees.
E)when Congress is in recess.
Q2) When the republic was founded, policy initiatives were usually introduced by the A)House of Representatives.
B)Senate.
C)president.
D)Supreme Court.
E)voting public.
Q3) Which of the following midterm elections saw the LOWEST percentage of incumbents win reelection?
A)1994
B)1998
C)2002
D)2006
E)2010
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Page 13
Chapter 12: The Presidency: Power and Paradox
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Q1) Which of the following statements about the vice presidency is LEAST accurate?
A)In recent years, the power of the office has grown; Dick Cheney was probably the most powerful vice president in American history.
B)Aside from presiding over the Senate, the vice president has few significant constitutional duties.
C)The vice president has historically been the president's most important advisor.
D)Presidents can temporarily transfer their authority to their vice presidents if the president will be incapacitated-for instance, by an invasive medical procedure.
E)A vice president who secures the support of the majority of the cabinet can declare a president incapacitated and assume the office of president.
Q2) This was an important battleground state in the 2012 presidential election:
A)Texas.
B)New York.
C)California.
D)Ohio.
E)Nebraska.
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14
Chapter 13: Bureaucracy: Citizens As Owners and Consumers
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Q1) The Supreme Court has ruled that the power of Congress to legislate implies the power to
A)merge one or more agencies together.
B)apply or remove merit appointment status to an agency's employees.
C)remove agency leaders.
D)disband agencies.
E)conduct investigations of agencies.
Q2) Which president implemented policies that led to a dramatic reduction in the number of federal employees?
A)Franklin Roosevelt
B)Richard Nixon
C)Ronald Reagan
D)Bill Clinton
E)George W.Bush
Q3) What did the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 create?
A)the Senior Executive Service
B)the Office of Management and Budget
C)the Executive Office of the President
D)the Department of the Interior
E)the merit system of civil service hiring
Page 15
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Chapter 14: The Courts: Judicial Power in a Democratic Setting
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Q1) Which of the following occurs FIRST in a legal case?
A)decision by a judge
B)appeal to a state supreme court
C)appeal to a court of appeals
D)decision by a jury
E)determination of facts
Q2) Discuss the changing role and ideology of the Supreme Court.During what periods of time has it seemed to be most active? When has it retreated into the shadows? How has it helped to shape American history? Is the Court more likely to react to or to set historical trends?
Q3) When presenting a case before the Supreme Court, lawyers are permitted
A)as much time as necessary, within reason, to present their cases effectively.
B)one day to present their initial argument, and a subsequent half day to respond to the argument of the opposing side.
C)one day to present their initial argument, and a subsequent full day to respond to the argument of the opposing side.
D)exactly thirty minutes to present their entire argument.
E)only one day to present their entire argument.
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Chapter 15: Public Policy: Responding to Citizens
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Q1) Which of the following statements about the Environmental Protection Agency is LEAST accurate?
A)The agency has the authority to determine how much pollution a given industry can legally produce.
B)The agency has the authority to identify the source of pollution.
C)The agency has the authority to develop and enforce regulations to protect the country's natural resources.
D)The agency has failed to produce substantial reductions in pollution levels.
E)The agency's regulations have made it more expensive for many industries to function inside the United States.
Q2) Which nation will probably produce the highest absolute levels of carbon dioxide emissions fifteen years from now?
A)Brazil
B)China
C)Japan
D)United States
E)Mexico
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Foreign and Defense Policy: Protecting
American Interests in the World
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Q1) The constellation of military, economic, and ideological concerns about security constitutes what policymakers refer to as a country's
A)legacy.
B)dilemma.
C)promise.
D)national interests.
E)foreign policy.
Q2) What prompted the most recent full-scale reappraisal of U.S.intelligence gathering?
A)the failure of U.S.intelligence gathering in Somalia
B)the failure of U.S.intelligence to locate Osama bin Laden during the invasion of Afghanistan
C)the failure of U.S.intelligence gathering in China
D)the failure of U.S.intelligence gathering in Iraq
E)the failure of U.S.intelligence to predict the fall of the Soviet Union
Q3) What were the major orientations toward foreign and defense policy of President George W.Bush? And what about those of President Obama? In what ways has President Obama acted in ways similar to his predecessor? In what ways has he acted differently?
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