Political Science
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Political Science is the systematic study of political institutions, processes, behavior, and theory. This course explores the foundations and functioning of governments, the behavior of political actors, policy-making processes, and the influence of political ideologies both domestically and internationally. Students will examine topics such as democracy, authoritarianism, political parties, electoral systems, public opinion, and international relations. The course aims to develop analytical skills, critical thinking, and a deep understanding of the complexities of political life, preparing students for further study or careers in public service, law, international organizations, or related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Cases in Comparative Politics Fifth Edition by Patrick H. ONeil
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14 Chapters
420 Verified Questions
420 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Political scientists use which term to describe the norms and rules regarding individual freedoms and collective equality, the locus of power, and the use of that power?
A)legitimate authority
B)political regime
C)constitution
D)government
E)federal regime
Answer: B
Q2) Marjorie believes that private property and capitalism create inequality, but she also places a high value on individual political freedom. Her ideology is called:
A)liberalism.
B)anarchism.
C)fascism.
D)communism.
E)fundamentalism.
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: United Kingdom
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Sample
Questions
Q1) Which of the following descriptions of the members of the UK House of Commons is accurate?
A)Members are typically more accessible to the electorate than American legislators.
B)Members typically act independently of their party's wishes.
C)The Speaker of the House is chosen from among the most senior members of the majority party.
D)Members enjoy more material support and staff than their U.S. counterparts.
E)Individual members are unable to propose legislation.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following most accurately describes the religious composition of Northern Ireland?
A)Protestants make up the majority of the population, although Catholics constitute approximately 40 percent.
B)Catholics make up the majority of the population.
C)Protestants make up the majority of the population.
D)Almost all citizens of Northern Ireland are Catholic.
E)Almost all citizens of Northern Ireland are Protestant.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: United States
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Sample Questions
Q1) Americans typically support equality in terms of:
A)equality of outcome.
B)equality of wealth.
C)equality of opportunity.
D)equality between countries.
E)equality of ideas.
Answer: C
Q2) In which of the following ways does a 527 organization differ from a political action committee?
A)It must remain strictly nonpartisan in its funded issue advocacy.
B)It allows multiple donations to individual candidates by a single private supporter.
C)It serves as a vehicle for corporations and trade unions to support individual candidates.
D)There are no limits on what it can spend, as long as it directly supports a candidate or party.
E)It is more tightly regulated by federal campaign finance law, but it is also allowed to make higher donations to political campaigns.
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: France
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about the current French political economy is accurate?
A)The French economy is very capable of reform in part because it remains very competitive among other advanced democracies, and the French people are growing to accept the need for reform.
B)President Hollande continued President Sarkozy's policy of austerity and structural reform upon taking office.
C)Between early 2012 and 2014, the French economy responded to the new socialist government with the lowest unemployment levels in two decades.
D)The French agricultural sector has withered in large part because membership in the EU has exposed it to cheap exports from eastern members.
E)France has largely abandoned the dirigiste model of state intervention in the economy in response to declining GDP per capita.
Q2) How has France handled the issue of assimilation versus multiculturalism in recent decades? Is laïcité the right policy? Why or why not?
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6
Chapter 5: Germany
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Sample Questions
Q1) The reunification of East and West Germany in 1990:
A)prompted the establishment of a new regime and constitution.
B)incorporated East Germany into the West German regime.
C)incorporated West Germany into the East German regime.
D)allowed for the continuation of both regimes.
E)was prohibited by the USSR and the United States.
Q2) The Holy Roman Empire was divided and weakened by:
A)the Vatican.
B)the Protestant Reformation and Thirty Years' War.
C)the French Revolution.
D)World War I.
E)World War II.
Q3) Which kingdom became the core of the modern German state?
A)Bavaria
B)Teutonia
C)Prussia
D)Saxony
E)Berlin
Q4) Describe the core principles of the Basic Law. How was it designed to mitigate the weaknesses and failures of past governments? How well has it succeeded?
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Chapter 6: Japan
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Q1) Which of the following best characterizes the nature of Japan's postwar party system?
A)a two-party system
B)long dominated by a single party
C)fragmented across nearly a dozen small parties
D)lacking parties as a result of the 1947 constitutional ban on "factional activity"
E)a series of alternating coalitions from the left and the right
Q2) Discuss the consequences of Japan's historical division of labor between political rulers (shogun, Meiji oligarchs, MacArthur, bureaucrats) and those who reign (emperor, parliament) for the autonomy and capacity of the Japanese state.
Q3) The Meiji Restoration refers to the:
A)eighth-century introduction of Buddhism to Japan.
B)reconstruction of Japan following World War II.
C)nineteenth-century modernizing revolution in Japan.
D)seventeenth-century introduction of Christianity to Japan.
E)resurgence of Shintoism in feudal Japan.
Q4) Would you judge the reforms imposed on Japan during the American occupation successful and beneficial? Why or why not?
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Russia
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Sample Questions
Q1) How has the Communist Party developed in Russia since the collapse of the Soviet Union? How is the Communist Party of the Russian Federation different from other postcommunist parties in Eastern Europe?
Q2) Why has "true" democracy failed to take root in Russia since the collapse of communism? What factors do you think are most important?
Q3) Historically, Russia's international identity can be described as:
A)strongly European until the Russian Revolution.
B)strongly influenced by Confucianism's spread from China.
C)uncertain as to whether it was truly a part of Europe.
D)strongly influenced by Sufi Islam and Turkish culture.
E)uncertain as to whether it was part of Asia or the Mediterranean.
Q4) A key institution in Russia's religious and political culture is:
A)Roman Catholicism.
B)Protestantism.
C)Orthodox Christianity.
D)animism.
E)Islamism.
Q5) What explains the recent conflicts between the West and Russia, and what can be done to limit them in the future?
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Chapter 8: China
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Sample Questions
Q1) China's "floating population" refers to:
A)the huge number of overseas Chinese.
B)rural itinerant workers seeking greater prosperity in cities.
C)Chinese flooded out by the Three Gorges Dam.
D)China's recent population explosion.
E)large numbers of ethnic Japanese who represent a new trend in immigration.
Q2) How has China managed to pursue more than three decades of progressing economic freedom while continuing to restrict political freedoms? Can this policy of economic liberalism and political authoritarianism continue? Why or why not?
Q3) China's legislature is known as the:
A)Socialist People's Parliament.
B)Red House.
C)Plenary Hall.
D)House of the People.
E)National People's Congress.
Q4) Briefly discuss China's separatist challenges in both Tibet and Xinjiang. How might China's experiences with Hong Kong and Taiwan have influenced its policies toward these two regions?
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Chapter 9: India
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which prime minister declared emergency rule in 1975?
A)Rajiv Gandhi
B)Jawaharlal Nehru
C)Manmohan Singh
D)Indira Gandhi
E)Mohandes K. Gandhi
Q2) What is the modern legacy of the ancient patterns of division and settlement between Indo-Aryans and the Dravidians in India? What is the current state of the caste system in Indian society?
Q3) Which of the following statements about India's House of the People is accurate?
A)It has rejected most of the rituals and institutions of its colonial model.
B)Most of its members are elected to fixed six-year terms.
C)Each representative in the chamber serves roughly 2 million people.
D)It represents India's 29 states and 7 territories.
E)It is the weaker of the two legislative houses.
Q4) Discuss both the costs and benefits of British colonialism to Indian development, and assess the net influence of this colonial legacy.
Q5) Identify and discuss three primary obstacles to economic development in India. Has the deepening of democracy helped or hindered India's modernization?
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Chapter 10: Iran
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why do you think the Islamic Revolution was successful in Iran? How much of that success can be attributed to the influence of foreign powers, the nature of Shiism, or unique cultural attributes of the Iranian people?
Q2) Which of the following powers is among those possessed by the president of the Iranian Republic?
A)vetoing legislation
B)dissolving the legislature
C)calling for elections
D)selecting a cabinet of ministers
E)controlling the military
Q3) What kind of electoral system does Iran use for the Majlis and Assembly of Experts?
A)none-all representatives are appointed
B)proportional representation
C)single-member district
D)mixed proportional representation and single-member district
E)single-member and multimember districts
Q4) Is it possible for Iran to become more democratic while keeping a strong role for religion in politics? Why or why not?
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Chapter 11: Mexico
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about Mexican political culture is accurate?
A)The first decade of this century brought steadily declining voter turnout with each successive national election.
B)Mexico has very low levels of participation in politics and political activism.
C)Mexico has consistently had voter turnout below 50 percent in national elections.
D)Most Mexicans believe that they have an ability to influence political outcomes.
E)Mexicans on the right of the political system generally express much higher levels of interest in politics than those on the left.
Q2) The dominant political party in twentieth-century Mexico was the:
A)Partido Acción Nacional (PAN).
B)Partido Laborista (PL).
C)Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI).
D)Partido de la Revolucíon Democrática (PRD).
E)Partido Verde (PV).
Q3) What has been the result of constitutional term limits for legislators and the president? Why have so many sought an end to term limits?
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Brazil
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the Brazilian political party system, and note some of its distinctive features. Why do many scholars blame the structure of the electoral system on Brazil's persistent government corruption?
Q2) Brazil's independence:
A)was achieved after a bloody war.
B)occurred due to widespread dissatisfaction with Portugal.
C)was achieved without bloodshed.
D)abolished the monarchy.
E)lasted only two decades before Portugal reasserted control.
Q3) Brazil's Second Republic was:
A)polarized between supporters and opponents of Vargas.
B)a stable democracy that continues to the present.
C)buoyed by a very strong economy.
D)a successful laboratory for consolidating democratic elements.
E)a dictatorship run by the military.
Q4) Why has Brazil been plagued by some of the worst poverty and inequality on the planet? How have more recent governments sought to alleviate these problems?
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14
Chapter 13: South Africa
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Boer Wars:
A)pitted the French against the Dutch.
B)ended in defeat for the British.
C)ended in defeat for the Afrikaners.
D)ended in defeat for the Xhosa tribes.
E)ended in victory for the Xhosa tribes.
Q2) Which of the following statements about formal powers and rules of the National Assembly is accurate?
A)National Assembly members serve for single six-year terms and are not allowed to stand for re-election.
B)The National Assembly is in part charged with validating the results of popular election of the president by the people.
C)ANC dominance of the National Assembly has had a big influence on the failure of the legislature to demonstrate much policy independence from the president.
D)The upper-house National Council typically takes the policy lead on matters of national interest.
E)The National Assembly can override National Council decisions with a plurality vote.
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15
Chapter 14: Nigeria
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nigeria's federal character principle refers to:
A)the remarkable unity of the Nigerian people.
B)the quota system for political appointments in Nigeria.
C)British colonial justification for Nigerian territorial divisions.
D)eligibility requirements for political candidates.
E)constitutional limits on the national judiciary.
Q2) Personal rule by an authoritarian leader bestowing privileges upon loyal followers is called:
A)personalism.
B)beneficialism.
C)patrimonialism.
D)atriarchy.
E)hedonism.
Q3) Divisions among Nigeria's political parties are primarily based on: A)ethnicity.
B)ideology.
C)history.
D)personality.
E)constitutional mandate.
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