Political Science 101
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Political Science 101 introduces students to the fundamental concepts, theories, and institutions that shape political systems around the world. The course explores the nature and purpose of government, the roles of citizens, the structure of political institutions, and the dynamics of policy-making. Through comparative and historical perspectives, students examine ideologies, political parties, elections, and the impact of globalization on national and international politics. This foundational course encourages analytical thinking about current political events and provides the tools necessary for understanding and participating in civic life.
Recommended Textbook
Government in America People Politics and Policy Brief Edition 11th Edition by George C. Edwards
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17 Chapters
2189 Verified Questions
2189 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introducing Government in America
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A law passed by Congress and the adoption of a regulation by an agency are both examples of
A)public policies.
B)interest groups.
C)red tape.
D)exercises in public opinion.
E)majoritarian politics.
Answer: A
Q2) When interests conflict,which they often do,no coalition may be strong enough to form a majority and establish policy-this can lead to a policy gridlock.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Elite theory contends that class is the major dividing line in politics and that the upper-class elite pull the strings of government.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: The Constitution
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129 Verified Questions
129 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The sole purpose of government,according to John Locke,was to
A)promote the common good.
B)prevent anarchy.
C)educate the people.
D)protect individuals from violence.
E)protect natural rights.
Answer: E
Q2) The Connecticut Compromise gives more power to the House of Representatives.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The idea that there must be restrictions placed on government to protect the natural rights of citizens is known as
A)limited government.
B)natural law.
C)the consent of the governed.
D)American republicanism.
E)a confederation.
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Federalism
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Enumerated powers are those that are
A)reserved for the states.
B)stated in the Constitution.
C)implied in the Constitution.
D)involving money matters.
E)granted specifically to the president.
Answer: B
Q2) Grants that are given more or less automatically to states or communities,which have discretion in deciding how to spend the money,are called
A)project grants.
B)discretionary grants.
C)formula grants.
D)categorical grants.
E)block grants.
Answer: E
Q3) The federal government is the first responder in most emergencies.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Civil Liberties and Public Policy
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In its 2002 decision in Zelman v.Simmons-Harris,the Supreme Court ruled that it is constitutional to provide families with publicly funded vouchers that could be used to pay for tuition at religious schools.
A)True
B)False
Q2) One of the greatest debates concerning Americans' civil liberties lies in the area of privacy rights.Do we have a right to privacy,and,if so,where does that right come from? Should a right to privacy be extended to include new rights,such as a right to gay marriage or a right to die?
Q3) The Bill of Rights was adopted primarily in response to A)the Spanish Inquisition.
B)British abuses of the colonists' civil liberties.
C)the abuses committed by the United States Continental Army during the Revolutionary War.
D)the horrors of the French Revolution.
E)Shays' Rebellion.
Q4) Compare and contrast the civil liberty issues involved in the different types of speech such as obscenity,libel,symbolic speech,commercial speech,and speech over the public airways.
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Chapter 5: Civil Rights and Public Policy
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Dred Scott v.Sandford ruling was handed down by the Supreme Court
A)a few years after the Civil War.
B)in 1896.
C)during the Civil War.
D)in the 1950s.
E)a few years prior to the Civil War.
Q2) Increased government activity in protecting civil rights can actually lead to greater checks on government.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Poll taxes for federal elections were outlawed in the
A)Voting Rights Act.
B)Civil Rights Act of 1964.
C)Supreme Court's Guinn v. United States decision of 1915.
D)Twenty-fourth Amendment.
E)Tax Reform Act of 1963.
Q4) The Supreme Court has declared that quotas and racial set asides are unconstitutional.
A)True
B)False
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Public Opinion and Political Action
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126 Verified Questions
126 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The "paradox of mass politics" is that Americans fail to remember what they see on TV.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Random sampling in public opinion polling operates on the principle that
A)the answers to include in aggregate poll results must be selected by chance in order to maximize accuracy.
B)everyone should have an equal probability of being selected.
C)the questions to be asked of a given respondent must be selected randomly so that all respondents are asked the same question the same number of times.
D)the larger the number of people who are polled,the greater the accuracy of the poll.
E)Both b and c are true.
Q3) Federal law permits up to 3.5 million immigrants to be legally admitted to the U.S.each year.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What have been the main consequences of the "graying of America"?
Q5) What is random-digit dialing,and why are most polls conducted this way?
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Chapter 7: The Mass Media and the Political Agenda
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125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Using examples from presidential politics,explain why image and the use of the media are so important in the American political system.How has this affected public perception of U.S.political leaders?
Q2) Which of the following is one way that American media are different from media in other democracies?
A)American media are totally dependent on advertising revenues to keep business going.
B)International media are entirely government owned.
C)American media are more sophisticated than their European counterparts.
D)American media have always employed greater technology than other countries.
E)There is no significant difference between American media and media in other democracies.
Q3) How do news organizations get most of their news? What role do beats,trial balloons,and leaks play? Is the process of news gathering fair and logical? Explain.
Q4) What consequences follow the character and quality of media coverage of political news when news organizations are privately owned? How does this differ from the type of coverage provided by publicly owned organizations?
Q5) Do the news media shape public opinion?
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Chapter 8: Political Parties
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129 Verified Questions
129 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following do you need to do to become a Republican or Democrat?
A)Formally join the party
B)Prove that you've voted for the party
C)Add your name to a mailing list
D)Give money
E)Simply believe that you belong to the party of your choice
Q2) _____ was once the main political party organization in America.
A)The urban political party
B)Patronage
C)The national convention
D)The coalition
E)The critical election
Q3) Without party competition,there would be no choice,and without choice,there can be no democracy.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The battle between political parties for control of public offices is called party competition.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Campaigns and Voting Behavior
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156 Verified Questions
156 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the mandate theory of elections,and who believes in it? According to political scientists,what are the three major elements to a voter's decision? From what you observed during the 2008 election,which element(s)do you think was (were)most important to most voters? Explain.
Q2) What are 527 groups? How have they played a role in recent campaigns?
Q3) One result of modern campaigns is that a disproportionate amount of attention is given to caucuses and primaries occurring late in the calendar year.
A)True
B)False
Q4) It is possible for the Electoral College to choose a president who did not win a majority of the popular vote.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe and evaluate the role of money in political campaigns and its impact on the distribution of political power in America.
Q6) Women are more likely to vote than are men.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Interest Groups
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Proponents of elite theory point to the proliferation of business PACs as evidence of interest group corruption in American politics and believe,in essence,that Madison's system failed.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is meant by a collective good,and how does this concept suggest a problem for interest groups?
Q3) What are the key differences between interest groups and political parties?
Q4) "Equality interests" refer to the cluster of groups seeking equal protection under the law.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How do interest groups affect democracy and the scope of government in the United States?
Q6) What is Olson's law of large groups?
Q7) Subgovernments are composed of interest group leaders,government agencies,and congressional committees with a stake in a particular policy area.
A)True
B)False
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Congress
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140 Verified Questions
140 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In what ways is incumbency the single most important factor in elections?
Q2) Compared to members of the House,senators are
A)more likely to have personal contact with their constituents.
B)more likely to face difficult reelection opponents.
C)less likely to face difficult reelection opponents.
D)less likely to use television in their reelection campaigns.
E)None of these is true.
Q3) According to the Constitution,once impeached,federal officials are then tried in the A)Supreme Court.
B)House.
C)Senate.
D)Department of Justice.
E)United States District Court for the District of Columbia.
Q4) House seats are up for election every
A)two years.
B)four years.
C)six years.
D)eight years.
E)five years.
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Chapter 12: The Presidency
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127 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is required of Congress to overturn a presidential veto?
A)A two-thirds vote in the House
B)A two-thirds vote in the Senate
C)A two-thirds vote in both the House and the Senate
D)A three-fifths vote in both the House and the Senate
E)A three-fourths vote in both the House and the Senate
Q2) Which of these presidents was the only one to maintain an average approval rating of higher than 50 percent from the public throughout his administration?
A)Reagan
B)George Bush
C)Nixon
D)Ford
E)Carter
Q3) What is "going public" and how and why do presidents do it?
Q4) A two-thirds vote in each house of Congress is required to overturn a veto.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the president's cabinet and what are its purposes? What are the major agencies that make up the cabinet?
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Chapter 13: The Federal Bureaucracy
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125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Executive orders are regulations originally from Congress and are one means legislators use to control the bureaucracy.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Define the term patronage and give an example of how it was used in America's past.
Q3) ________ is the authority of administrative actors to select among various responses to a given problem.
A)Standard operating procedure
B)Administrative discretion
C)Administrators' disposition
D)Executive power
E)Deregulation
Q4) List the three elements contained in all bureaucratic regulation.
Q5) The Weberian theory of bureaucracies views them in the most positive light as A)acquisitive.
B)inefficient.
C)monopolistic.
D)hierarchical.
E)democratic.
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Chapter 14: The Federal Courts
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) There are _____ federal courts of appeal,a Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit,and ___ federal district courts.
A)two; 91
B)12; 91
C)91; thousands of
D)thousands of; 91
E)three; 91
Q2) At weekly conferences,Supreme Court justices discuss the chief justice's "discuss list" and decide which cases they want to review.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The vast majority of all civil and criminal cases
A)begin and end in courts with original jurisdiction.
B)involve federal law but are tried in state courts.
C)begin and end in federal courts.
D)begin in state courts and are appealed to federal courts.
E)involve state laws that are tried in federal courts.
Q4) Explain the process of senatorial courtesy.
Q5) What is a per curiam decision? Why is it significant?
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Politics of Taxing and Spending
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which amendment to the U.S.Constitution permitted the federal income tax?
A)Tenth
B)Fourteenth
C)Fifteenth
D)Sixteenth
E)Eighteenth
Q2) The income tax is generally progressive,meaning that
A)it increases incrementally on an annual basis.
B)those with more income pay higher rates of tax on their income.
C)those with more income pay more taxes than those with less income.
D)it is a newer form of taxation than sales taxes.
E)it is better than a flat tax.
Q3) The "military-industrial complex," a term referring to the link between the military and the defense industry,was coined by which president?
A)Harry Truman
B)Dwight Eisenhower
C)John F. Kennedy
D)Lyndon Johnson
E)Richard Nixon
Q4) What are the purposes of Social Security? How is Social Security funded?
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Chapter 16: Social Welfare Policymaking
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123 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The sales tax is an example of a(n)________ tax.
A)earned-income
B)progressive
C)regressive
D)proportional
E)unitary
Q2) The gap between the rich and the poor is smaller today than it was in the middle of the twentieth century.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The most important ratio for Social Security is that of A)beneficiaries to tax rates.
B)workers to beneficiaries.
C)tax rates to workers.
D)contributions to the number of contributors.
E)contributions to workers.
Q4) How are income and wealth distributed in the United States? What are the characteristics of the poor,and how is poverty defined? Do you agree with the current definition of poverty? Why or why not?
Q5) What is the poverty line? How is it determined?
Page 18
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Chapter 17: National Security Policymaking
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144 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of a nontariff barrier used to limit imports?
A)Quotas
B)Subsidies
C)Quality specifications
D)All of these are nontariff barriers.
E)None of these is a nontariff barrier.
Q2) The Warsaw Pact,NATO,and the European Union are all examples of
A)multinational corporations.
B)nongovernmental organizations (NGOs).
C)global government.
D)regional organizations.
E)treaties.
Q3) The government body formed to coordinate American foreign and military policy is known as
A)the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
B)the National Security Council.
C)the Pentagon.
D)the Foreign Services.
E)the Defense Policy Institute.
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Page 19