Political Science 101
Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Political Science 101 is an introductory course that explores the fundamental principles, concepts, and institutions of political systems. Students will examine the origins and development of government, the role of citizens, the structure and functions of political institutions, and the processes of policymaking both in the United States and around the world. The course introduces basic theories of power, democracy, and political behavior, while encouraging students to critically analyze issues such as civil rights, elections, international relations, and public policy. Through readings, discussions, and assignments, students will gain a foundational understanding of how politics shapes societies and impacts daily life.
Recommended Textbook
American Government Stories of a Nation 1st Edition Scott F. Abernathy
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Chapter 1: American Political Stories
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Q1) What do you think makes America different than other nations today? Give specific examples.
Answer: Student answers will vary but should discuss the basic idea of American exceptionalism through the inclusion of specific examples that show how America is different politically, socially, geographically, and economically than other nations today.
Q2) Replacement of British textiles, in particular, brought colonial women together in which of the following organizations?
A)Daughters of Liberty
B)Daughters of the Revolution
C)Daughters of Patriotism
D)Daughters of Commerce
Answer: A
Q3) Politics is best described as the process of A)making and enforcing laws and policies.
B)selecting governmental leaders.
C)influencing actions and policies of a government.
D)administering and executing governmental activities.
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: The Constitution of the United States
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Q1) The ______ clause has enabled Congress to become involved in large areas of the American economy, even within states.
Answer: commerce
Q2) Federalists made their strongest theoretical case for the new republic in a set of eighty-five essays known as
A)Common Sense.
B)the Antifederalist Papers.
C)Statements of Liberty.
D)the Federalist Papers.
Answer: D
Q3) The founders have been described as being guided by their own ______ and accused of creating a system that preserved distinctions of ______.
A)hubris | social stratification
B)interests | faction and party
C)privilege | wealth and class
D)scholarship | knowledge and philosophy
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Federalism
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Q1) Faced with falling prices, ecological emergencies, and rising debt and foreclosure rates, perhaps most affected by the Great Depression was America's banking industry.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) One of the main tools of President Nixon's attempts to reduce national authority was the use of
A)grants-in-aid.
B)categorical grants.
C)block grants.
D)revenue sharing.
Answer: C
Q3) A national policy goal of returning authority to state or local governments is known as
A)antifederalism.
B)devolution.
C)block grants.
D)nullification.
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Civil Liberties
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Q1) The primary mechanism used to incorporate the Bill of Rights to the states is the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In which part of the Constitution is the right to demand a writ of habeas corpus enumerated?
A)Article I
B)Article II
C)Article III
D)Article IV
Q3) How do the Ninth and 10th Amendments differ from the previous eight? Why were they included in the Bill of Rights? What importance do they have today?
Q4) The Bill of Rights was included with the original draft of the Constitution in 1787.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The 2015 case of ______ resulted in the overturning of the Defense of Marriage Act and the legalization of same-sex marriage across the country.
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Chapter 5: Securing Civil Rights
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Q1) The 14th Amendment explicitly excluded women from the right to vote by
A)specifically prohibiting female enfranchisement.
B)specifying its application only to African Americans.
C)using the word "male" for the first time in the Constitution.
D)associating itself only with the issue of slavery and reconstruction.
Q2) Which of the following Supreme Court standards applies to gender discrimination?
A)strict scrutiny
B)intermediate scrutiny
C)reasonableness
D)rational basis
Q3) The fundamental guarantees ensuring equal treatment and protecting against discrimination under the laws of a nation are called ______.
A)civil liberties
B)civil disobedience
C)civil rights
D)civil responsibilities
Q4) The quest for women's rights was fully achieved once the 19th Amendment was passed.
A)True
B)False
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Political Participation
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Q1) Joining a group and contacting elected officials are both considered
A)inside electoral processes.
B)inside political processes.
C)outside electoral processes.
D)outside political processes.
Q2) On what basis did Anthony Downs consider the decision not to vote a "rational one"?
A)financial cost and physical effort
B)time commitment and intellectual effort
C)intellectual effort and financial cost
D)physical effort and time commitment
Q3) Landen Gambill circulated a petition to multiple state legislatures arguing against allowing campus carry policies.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Representatives act in the space of government to enact
A)their personal agendas.
B)their constituents' concerns.
C)the president's policies.
D)their party's platform.
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Chapter 7: Public Opinion
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Q1) Individual political opinions are considered set in stone at an early age.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The incidents at Ferguson, Missouri are evidence that social media plays only a small role in transmitting and collecting political information, attitudes and ideologies today.
A)True B)False
Q3) In 1980, television networks were releasing their presidential predictions after the polls had closed on the East Coast.Which of the following would be a major criticism of this decision?
A)Exit polls in other areas had yet to be tabulated and were not inclusive.
B)Exit polls were not predictively accurate enough to be of any use.
C)This action could influence voters in other time zones around the country.
D)Exit polling is seen as a disruption of the voting process and is illegal.
Q4) The primary source of political socialization is considered to be the ______.
Q5) The main problem with scientific polling is one of A)administration. B)construction. C)sampling.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: The Media
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Q1) The fairness doctrine has ceased to be rigorously enforced, partly because of the growth in cable television channels and shows.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Milblogs have become a phenomenon of modern warfare in the 21st century.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The deregulation of media outlets has led to an increase in their diversity.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Watching political comedy shows such as The Daily Show may decrease individuals' support for and engagement with A)foreign policy.
B)domestic policy.
C)political institutions.
D)bureaucratic agencies.
Q5) How have changes in social media consumption and production impacted the ability of Americans to get their voices heard?
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Chapter 9: Political Parties
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Q1) Unlike Senator Sanders and most other presidential candidates, Donald Trump had never ______.
A)demonstrated political interest
B)led a large organization
C)been a successful businessman
D)previously held elected office
Q2) What type of power does the national party have over the state and local parties beneath it?
A)supervisory
B)administrative
C)regulatory
D)advisory
Q3) The Democratic and Republican Parties have both worked to encourage the growth of third parties.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In many states, voters are not required to predeclare their party affiliation and may select which primary they want to participate in on the day of the primary election.This is an example of a(n)______.
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Chapter 10: Campaigns and Elections Multiple Choice
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Q1) Nearly everything pertaining to candidates and campaigns for Congress is profoundly influenced by whether a candidate is
a.a challenger.
b.popular with PACs.
c.an incumbent.
d.a successful fundraiser.
Q2) Which of the following candidates was targeted by Latinas and Latinos in the Democratic Party as having "hateful anti-Latino, anti-immigrant language"?
A)Ted Cruz
B)Donald Trump
C)Marco Rubio
D)Jeb Bush
Q3) Organizations that are permitted to make campaign contributions within legal limits are known as ______.
Q4) How does redistricting impact the voting patterns and outcome of an election? Why do some legislatures choose to gerrymander districts? What suggestions would you give with regard to the restriction or regulation of gerrymandering attempts?
Q5) What impact does money have on today's national election process?
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Chapter 11: Interest Groups and Social Movements
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Q1) By 2008, which of the following facts was becoming clear?
A)Bankers failed to agree on the need for a bailout.
B)Large numbers of Americans were wary of using taxpayer dollars to fund a bailout.
C)The $700 billion dollar bailout plan was Wall Street's only hope.
D)A grassroots movement was demanding a financial bailout solution.
Q2) The failure of Lehman Brothers illustrates the advantages and disadvantages of A)forming an interest group.
B)starting a social movement.
C)being a free rider.
D)joining a collective action.
Q3) Many would argue that the federal government's response to the financial crisis of 2008 favored powerfully connected financial firms at the expense of the average citizen.Would you agree or disagree with this statement? Why?
Q4) Iron triangles are the coordinated and mutually beneficial activities of interest groups, Congress, and the bureaucracy to achieve a set of shared policy goals, sometimes against the general interests of society of the specific groups within it.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Congress
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Questions
Q1) What obstacles do first-time candidates for Congress face? How can they overcome those obstacles?
Q2) In the House, a member may file a ______ to free a bill from an unfriendly committee and move it to the House floor for a vote.
A)cloture amendment
B)filibuster request
C)discharge petition
D)quorum call
Q3) A bicameral legislature with distinct differences between the House and the Senate established ______ within Congress and not just between Congress and the other branches.
A)separation of powers
B)a wall of separation
C)checks and balances
D)distinct barriers
Q4) Many first-time candidates for Congress bring with them a set of policy objectives rather than one specific issue.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: The American Presidency
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Q1) One of the most enduring and controversial legacies of the Nixon presidency was the passage of the ______ over Nixon's veto.
A)International Relations Bill
B)War Powers Resolution
C)Foreign Relations Agenda
D)Congressional Authorization Law
Q2) As head of the executive branch, the president is responsible for
A)all actions and branches of government.
B)carrying out the laws of the nation.
C)making the laws of the nation.
D)interpreting the laws of the nation.
Q3) What formal role does the spouse of the president serve?
A)receiving foreign delegations
B)communicating with the American people
C)spearheading domestic policy issues
D)the first spouse serves no formal role
Q4) How have the events of 9/11 and the American War on Terror impacted the president's ability to engage American troops in time of war?
Q5) The president is required to give Congress Information on the ______.
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Chapter 14: The Federal Bureaucracy
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Q1) The federal civil service system was promoted on the basis of the merit system, with hiring and promotion tied to the results of competitive tests, education, and other qualifications.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to Barnard, the job of the leader was to
A)effectively acquire and wield power over the labor force.
B)administer authority over clients and workers alike.
C)secure the cooperation of those within the organization.
D)delegate authority to specialized workers and supervisors.
Q3) Unlike Congress, the president, and the Supreme Court, the federal bureaucracy differs in that it ______.
A)lacks the powers vested in the three branches of government.
B)is more complicated and less effective.
C)is not considered a part of American government.
D)has a more direct impact on American lives.
Q4) The federal bureaucracy is fairly well understood by most Americans.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Define bureaucracy and describe its defining characteristics.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: The Federal Judiciary
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Q1) About what percentage of all petitions does the Supreme Court hear per year?
A)less than 1%
B)between 5 and 10%
C)between 15 and 30%
D)between 50 and 75%
Q2) When the plaintiffs and defendants in a case appear before the Supreme Court, they must present
A)direct testimony.
B)oral arguments.
C)official witnesses.
D)important evidence.
Q3) The middle level of the constitutional courts is occupied by the
A)legislative courts.
B)federal district courts.
C)federal courts of appeal.
D)U.S. Supreme Court.
Q4) The Supreme Court can exercise both original and appellate jurisdiction.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the structure of the American legal system and the federal judiciary.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: The Politics of Promoting the General Welfare
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Q1) Publicly funded schools that are usually designed around a particular theme such as language, the arts, or science and technology (STEM)are referred to as
A)charter schools.
B)schools of excellence.
C)magnet schools.
D)public-choice schools.
Q2) Voucher programs were proposed to parents and guardians in order to allow them to
A)improve financial resources for public schools.
B)contribute to faith-based schools of their choice.
C)send their students to private and alternative schools.
D)change to other public schools of their choice.
Q3) All proponents of school vouchers in Cleveland were from the Republican side of the aisle.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Americans' political ______ play a key role in their attitudes toward the proper role of the federal government in providing benefits to specific groups of individuals.
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Chapter 17: Economic Policy
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Q1) In his State of the Union address before Congress and the American people in 2010, President Obama called upon Congress to support his efforts to
A)lower unemployment.
B)increase social welfare spending.
C)make college more affordable.
D)raise personal income taxes.
Q2) Spending for programs and policies at the choice of Congress and the president is best described as
A)mandatory expenditures.
B)fiscal policy.
C)discretionary spending.
D)economic stimulus.
Q3) Monetarists tend to focus their attention on the A)consumer price index.
B)money supply.
C)unemployment rate.
D)gross domestic product.
Q4) If the federal government takes in more money than it spends, it runs a ______.
Q5) By the end of 2015, the ______ continued to grow to nearly $19 trillion.
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Chapter 18: Foreign Policy
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Q1) After the Cold War, the United States stood alone as a military hyperpower.
A)True
B)False
Q2) How has America's foreign policy changed over the course of its history? What do you see as America's role in foreign policy today?
Q3) Which of the following events most impacted current attitudes toward Syrian immigration across the globe?
A)the attacks of September 11, 2001
B)the San Bernardino attacks of December 2015
C)the sheer number of Syrian migrants
D)the November 2015 terrorist attacks in Paris
Q4) Had the Cold War gone hot, it very well may have involved the use of
A)traditional weapons.
B)nuclear weapons.
C)global terrorism.
D)nonconventional weapons.
Q5) Many have argued that the War Powers Act (1973)has actually made it easier for a president to justify engaging American troops in foreign operations.What evidence exists for or against this statement? Justify your answer.
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