Political Parties and Elections in Canada
Final Exam
Course Introduction
This course examines the structure, organization, and function of political parties and electoral systems in Canada. It explores the evolution of Canada's party system, the role of parties in representing diverse interests, and their influence on policy-making and government formation. The course also investigates the legal and institutional frameworks governing elections, including campaign finance, electoral laws, and the administration of elections. Students will analyze voter behaviour, party platforms, and the impact of recent electoral reforms, as well as contemporary challenges such as party polarization, minority governments, and the rise of new political movements. Through case studies and comparative analysis, the course provides a comprehensive understanding of the complex dynamics shaping Canadian democracy.
Recommended Textbook
Canadian Politics Critical Approaches 7th Edition by Rand Dyck
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The study of politics
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Q1) What political decision is best described by the class analysis approach?
A)increasing airport and border security
B)adopting the North American Free Trade Agreement
C)increasing funding to universities
D)adopting a clean-air policy
Answer: B
Q2) Compare and contrast two of the five approaches to the study of politics (institutional, state- based, political sociology, political psychology and political behaviour approaches and rational choice approach).
Answer: Answers will vary.
Q3) What is an example of elite accommodation?
A)the Harper government's decision to remove the tax advantages of corporate income trusts
B)the $1 billion fine levied against tobacco companies for smuggling cigarettes
C)the reality that corporate executives and politicians often come from the same ranks
D)the anti-Kyoto stance taken by several Western politicians
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Institutional foundations and the evolution of the state
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Q1) A form of government including an elected assembly is called a direct democracy.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which of the following is one of the fundamental principles of the Canadian constitution?
A)separation of powers
B)colonialism
C)multiculturalism
D)judicial review
Answer: D
Q3) What is the significance of the Royal Proclamation of 1763?
A)It transferred control of Quebec from France to Britain.
B)It created a legislative assembly in Quebec.
C)It attempted to protect the interests of Aboriginal peoples.
D)It combined French civil law with British criminal law.
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Regionalism
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Q1) Which province leads the forestry industry?
A)Ontario
B)Quebec
C)New Brunswick
D)British Columbia
Answer: D
Q2) The James Bay hydroelectric project is in Quebec.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) In what areas did the most serious regional economic conflicts in Canadian history occur?
A)importation, exportation, welfare, and industry
B)transportation, banking, welfare, and defence
C)defence, resources, representation, and debt
D)tariffs, transportation, banking, and resources
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Aboriginal peoples
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Q1) Which statement best describes comprehensive land claims?
A)They are Aboriginal land claims primarily originating in the West.
B)They are Aboriginal land claims arising from alleged non-fulfillment of Indian treaties.
C)They are Aboriginal land claims based on traditional occupancy and use.
D)They are land claims made after the Calder case decision.
Q2) Which statement best represents the recommendations of the White Paper?
A)It reasserted the importance of the Indian Act.
B)It recognized the importance of group consciousness.
C)It recommended the government further develop the treaty relationship between Aboriginal peoples and other Canadians.
D)It recommended a complete integration of Aboriginal peoples into Canadian society.
Q3) Aboriginal people now control over 80 percent of Aboriginal Affairs' departmental funding
A)True
B)False
Q4) Aboriginal title means a claim to land based on treaty.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: french canada and the quebec question
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Q1) Known as the Charter of the French Language, what law made French predominant in the province of Quebec?
A)Bill 7
B)Bill 8
C)Bill 101
D)the Official Languages Act
Q2) How can one apply the pluralist and state-based approaches to the discussion of French-English relations in Canada?
Q3) Outline French-English relations within two of the following provinces: New Brunswick, Ontario, and Manitoba.
Q4) What are some of the characteristics that make Quebec distinct?
Q5) What is la francophonie?
A)an organization of French-speaking states
B)a Canadian pressure group representing all francophones
C)an association representing the interests of francophones outside Quebec
D)the satellite carrying French-language communications
Q6) Compare and contrast the values, attitudes, and demands of the Québécois before and after the Quiet Revolution.
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Chapter 6: Ethnocultural minorities
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Q1) What amendment was made to the Immigration Act in the 1960s?
A)to give preference to Caucasian applicants
B)to give preference to Caribbean applicants
C)to remove previous discriminatory provisions
D)to give preference to extended families
Q2) The Conservative party recently found itself with the largest representation of visible minority MPs in its caucus.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which clause in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms does NOT address the concerns of ethnocultural minorities?
A)the non-discrimination clause: 15 (1)
B)the affirmative action clause: 15 (2)
C)the multiculturalism clause: 27
D)the Minority Language Education Clause: 23
Q4) What were the basic objectives of Trudeau's multiculturalism policy?
Q5) Visible minorities constitute approximately 16 percent of the Canadian population.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Gender
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Q1) Pay equity represents "equal pay for work of equal value".
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which statement best describes employment equity programs in Canada?
A)These programs were designed to give preference to groups discriminated against in the past.
B)These programs have made women predominant in the public sector.
C)These programs have made women predominant in the private sector.
D)These programs have made women predominant in both the public and private sectors.
Q3) Canada has a comprehensive national day care program.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What province became the first to enact legislation prohibiting discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation?
A)Ontario
B)Alberta
C)British Columbia
D)Quebec
Q5) What were the major concerns of second-wave feminists?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Class
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Q1) List five suggestions for how governments could improve the lot of the poor.
Q2) The Liberal government introduced the Unemployment Act in 1940.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Collective bargaining is protected by the freedom of association clause in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms
A)True
B)False
Q4) Executives of branches of foreign-owned firms operating in Canada are known as the extraneous elite.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which group does NOT belong under the petite bourgeoisie class?
A)small business people
B)affluent farmers
C)self-employed professionals
D)civil servants
Q6) The new middle class includes salaried professionals.
A)True
B)False
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Other cleavages and identities: urban/rural location,
religion, and age
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Q1) After the Quebec Revolution, language superseded religion as the key to the identity of the great majority of Quebeckers.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The current fertility rates in Canada average at 1.5 births per woman.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What group usually supports mandatory retirement?
A)young people
B)seniors
C)trade unions
D)the political elite
Q4) What issue will be most pressing for seniors in the future?
A)health care
B)Old Age Security
C)housing
D)mandatory retirement
Q5) Rural Canada is overrepresented in the House of Commons. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: CanadaS external environment: the united states and the world
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Q1) By 2011, Canada exported the most to the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Canadian Anglophones spend about 72 percent of their television viewing time watching local programs
A)True
B)False
Q3) What have been the results of the Free Trade agreement and NAFTA for Canada?
Q4) What are some of the benefits for Canada to establish a free trade agreement with the US?
Q5) Which of the following International Organizations ordered Canada to discontinue a federal excise tax and postal subsidies following a complaint by the American government?
A)World Trade Organization
B)International Monetary Fund
C)G8
D)G20
Q6) The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) is a Crown corporation
A)True
B)False Page 12
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Chapter 11: The Canadian Political Culture
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Q1) Explain two of the five values that constitute the traditional Canadian political culture.
Q2) What is NOT considered a fundamental freedom?
A)freedom to vote
B)freedom of religion
C)freedom of peaceful assembly
D)freedom of thought
Q3) Explain the concept of limited identities and their importance for Canadian political values.
Q4) What are thought to be the distinguishing features between Canadian and U.S.values?
Q5) Separatists centre on the "limited identities" and subcultures that characterize Canadian society.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Which statement does NOT describe political freedom?
A)It is guaranteed in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
B)It is a component of the definition of democracy.
C)It includes freedom of speech, press, and assembly.
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D)It is rarely infringed on by provincial governments.
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Chapter 12: Political socialization, the mass media, and Public opinion polls
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Q1) Which Royal Commission on Newspapers was prompted by the simultaneous closing of the Winnipeg Tribune and Ottawa Journal?
A)the Berger Commission
B)the Kent Commission
C)the MacDonald Commission
D)the Smith Commission
Q2) Who owns the Toronto Sun?
A)Quebecor/Sun Media
B)Black Press
C)Continental
D)Transcontinental
Q3) How do individual corporations try to influence political attitudes and opinion?
A)through product advertising
B)through advocacy advertising
C)through new public management
D)through redistributive egalitarianism
Q4) Francophones watch more drama on television than anything else.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare and contrast the different agents of political socialization.
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Chapter 13: Elections and the electoral system
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Q1) Describe Canada's "first past the post" electoral system.What are the advantages and disadvantages of this system?
Q2) How many times in Canadian history has the governor general refused to comply with the Prime Minister's request to dissolve Parliament?
A)never
B)one time
C)two times
D)three times
Q3) The percentage of all votes cast that is won by a candidate or a party, regardless of who was elected, is called the qualified majority.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is NOT necessary for an individual to be nominated as a party's candidate?
A)being endorsed by the party leader
B)filing a financial statement
C)getting 100 local names on his or her nomination papers
D)paying a $1000 deposit
Q5) What are the primary functions of an election in the Canadian political system?
Q6) Describe how election financing has evolved since pre-1974?
Page 16
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Chapter 14: Political parties and the party system
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Q1) Liberalism emphasizes government planning, regulation, ownership of some of the major industries, progressive taxation, and redistribution of income via social programs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Discuss two of the following interpretations of party politics in Canada: the broker system, the concept of ideological or class-based parties, and one-party dominance.
Q3) How does party ideology in Canada apply to the major Canadian political parties?
Q4) Explain the ideological differences between conservatism, social democracy, and liberalism.
Q5) What theory postulates that the Liberal and Conservative parties have no central ideology and merely promise to satisfy the most important interests felt by the voters at any given time?
A)the one-party dominant theory
B)the broker theory
C)the class-based theory
D)the pluralist theory
Q6) What were some of the issues and factors that moved Canada from a third to a fourth party system?
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Chapter 15: Parties, voting, and The election campaign
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Q1) The leader's tour is primarily designed to boost the chances of local candidates.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The overall average national voter turnout rate between 1900 and 1988 was 72 percent.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What group is overrepresented in terms of candidates in federal elections?
A)business
B)working class
C)visible minorities
D)women
Q4) In 2000, there was little evidence of class-based voting, but the government's performance was a significant factor.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Younger voters in Quebec prefer the Bloc Quebecois than any other party.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Advocacy groups, social movements, and lobbying
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Q1) How do interest groups try to influence the bureaucracy and the executive branch of the government?
Q2) Discuss three explanations for why advocacy groups are sometimes successful and sometimes not.
Q3) Many MPs have close corporate connections and function regularly as lobbyists for big business.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What political party is linked to the Canadian Labour Congress?
A)NDP
B)Liberal
C)Conservative
D)Bloc Quebecois
Q5) Canadian Aboriginal and women's groups use the United Nations to further their domestic causes.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What are the functions of advocacy groups?
Page 19
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Chapter 17: The Canadian constitution and constitutional change
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Q1) What province refused to accept the Constitution Act, 1982?
A)Ontario
B)Prince Edward island
C)Quebec
D)Alberta
Q2) What makes up the formal, legal documents of the Canadian Constitution?
A)the Constitution Act, 1867; the Constitution Act, 1982; and certain British and Canadian Statutes
B)the Constitution Act, 1867; the Statute of Westminster; and the Constitution Act, 1982
C)the Constitution Act, 1867; the Constitution Act, 1982; and the Bill of Rights
D)the Constitution Act, 1867; the Constitution Act, 1982; and the Charter
Q3) What was the 1982 British statute that officially terminated all British authority over Canada?
A)British North America Act, 1982
B)Statute of Westminster
C)Canada Act
D)Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Q4) What were the major reforms proposed by the Charlottetown Accord, 1992?
Q5) What concerns were raised regarding the Meech Lake Accord, 1982?
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Chapter 18: The provinces and the federal system
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Q1) What were the division of powers between the provinces and the federal government as outlined in the Constitution Act, 1867?
Q2) How do federal-provincial relations affect the environment and Aboriginals in Canada?
Q3) Which term describes a division of powers between central and regional governments such that neither is subordinate to the other?
A)provincialism
B)federalism
C)a unitary government
D)constitutionalism
Q4) The depression qualified as an emergency in terms of the emergency doctrine interpretation of the Peace, Order, and Good Government clause.
A)True
B)False
Q5) During the period of executive federalism, political parties and the public were given large roles in the decision-making process.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: The charter of rights and freedoms
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Q1) The reasonable limits clause is Section 1 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What are the arguments levied against an increased role of the courts in the political process?
Q3) How are language rights protected under the Charter of Rights and Freedom?
Q4) Greg Hein shows that New Left advocates have been the single biggest interest in taking Charter cases to the courts.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discrimination in the private sector is normally addressed in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The Askov decision deals with a time restriction between a preliminary hearing and a trial.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 20: Governing: the policymaking process and policy instruments
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Q1) The principal players involved in any policy community are sometimes called stakeholders.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What are minimum wage laws, highway speed limits, building codes, rent controls, and bilingual labelling examples of?
A)exhortation
B)regulation
C)neoconservatism
D)public expenditures
Q3) What term describes a course of action or inaction chosen by public authorities to address a given problem or interrelated set of problems?
A)public policy
B)policy instruments
C)symbolic response
D)regulation
Q4) Describe and explain the significance of policy instruments?
Q5) In terms of government intervention, explain how the role of the state has evolved over the last 100 years.
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Chapter 21: The executive: crown, prime minister, and cabinet
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Q1) A Canadian constitutional convention requires that each province be represented in the Cabinet.
A)True B)False
Q2) What were the recommendations of the Gomery Inquiry with regard to the prime minister and the public service?
Q3) The Treasury Board is a section of the Department of Finance.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Compare and contrast the concepts of individual ministerial responsibility and collective ministerial responsibility.
Q5) Balancing ethnic representation in Parliament is a cabinet-making convention in Canada
A)True B)False
Q6) It is possible for the prime minister to name someone to the Cabinet who has not won the election.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 22: The bureaucracy
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Q1) How are responsibility and accountability managed in departments?
Q2) The principle of individual ministerial responsibility means that ministers must resign for mistakes made by their officials.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Every province except Nova Scotia has supplemented other means of controlling the bureaucracy with the appointment of an ombudsman.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The Official Languages Act of 1969 made the executive branch of government bilingual.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The CRTC, the Canadian Transportation Authority, and the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission are examples of royal commissions.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What reforms were made to the bureaucracy under the New Public Management?
Q7) What is the purpose of Crown corporations?
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Chapter 22: The bureaucracy
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Q1) What are the stages of a bill becoming a law?
Q2) A parliamentary session always begins with the speech of throne prepared by the Prime Minister and read by the governor general.
A)True
B)False
Q3) If a nonconfidence motion passes, the government must do one of two things.One option is to resign.What is the second option?
A)Ask the governor general for another chance.
B)Ask the Opposition for another chance.
C)Hold a referendum.
D)Call an election.
Q4) Describe a typical week in the House of Commons.
Q5) What type of government exists when the governing party has fewer MPs than the combined opposition?
A)minority government
B)majority government
C)deadlocked government
D)lame-duck government
Q6) What are the functions and powers of the House of Commons?
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Chapter 24: The judiciary
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Q1) What are the powers of the Supreme Court of Canada?
Q2) What is handled by the Federal Court of Canada?
A)divorces
B)immigration and refugee appeals
C)criminal cases
D)charter cases
Q3) Which of the following is NOT considered public law?
A)company law
B)constitutional law
C)administrative law
D)taxation law
Q4) Who is the most recently appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada?
A)Beverley McLachlin
B)Marie Deschamps
C)Rosalie Abella
D)Morris Fish
Q5) Federal court of Canada judges have a mandatory retirement age of 75 years.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What is the function of the judiciary?
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